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1、1PeriodPeriod TwoTwo WordWord powerpower & & GrammarGrammar andand usageusage.重点单词1airplane n飞机2signal n信号；vi.& vt.发信号；表明3captain n船长，飞机机长；队长；海军上校，陆军、空军上尉4warning n警告warn vt.警告5widespread adj.广泛的，普遍的.重点短语1refer to 谈到，涉及；参考2work out 解决；算出；找到的答案3dream of 梦见；渴望4get in touch with 与取得联系5come into use 开始使
2、用.重点句式1动名词短语作主语.he thought being a photographer would be very interesting.他认为成为一名摄影师可能会非常有趣。2once 引导时间状语从句Once the paper makers showed people how to make paper，it came into widespread use all over the world.一旦造纸的人教给人们如何造纸，纸就开始在全世界广泛使用起来。重点词汇重点词汇1 1SometimesSometimes wewe useuse a a differentdifferen
3、t suffixsuffix，usuallyusually essess，whenwhen referringreferring toto a a woman.woman.当指女性时，有时我们用不同的后缀，通常用 essess。refer to 谈到，涉及；参考，适用于；查阅；指的是refer.to.把提交给2refer to.as.把看作(1)We referredreferred the proposal toto the board.我们把这一建议提交给了董事会。(2)He is referred to as a living Lei Feng.他被称作活雷锋。一词多义 写出下列句子中黑
4、体词的汉语意思(3)The author referredreferred toto his teacher twice in his essay.提及(4)When I said some people were stupid，I wasnt referringreferring toto you.指的是(5)ReferRefer toto the Internet for further information.查阅2 2WorkWork outout whatwhat theythey were.were.找出它们是什么。work out 解决，找到的答案；计算出；制订出；理解；结果；锻
5、炼，做运动make out 看清，听清；辨认清楚；理解，明白figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；计算出stand out 显眼；突出try out 试用某人；测试；试验(1)She wore a red coat and stoodstood outout in the crowd.她穿着一件红外套，在人群中很显眼。(2)While he was young，he was always trying out some new ideas.他小时候总是尝试一些新想法。一词多义 写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思(3)She workedworked outout the maths problem
6、with no difficulty.计算出(4)I cant workwork outout what he said.理解(5)The police workedworked outout a plan to catch the thief.制订出单项填空(6)To keep fit and energetic，it is important to spare some time every day to .Afall out Bturn outCgo out Dwork out答案 D解析 句意为：为了保持健康和精力充沛，每天花一些时间锻炼是很重要的。fall out 脱落；turn o
7、ut 结果是；go out 出去；work out 锻炼。33 3sentsent lastlast radioradio signalsignal 发出了最后的无线电信号signal n.信号；vt.& vi.发信号a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号traffic signals 交通信号灯signal to sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事signal to sb.向某人示意signal sb. that.示意某人(1)Tom signaledsignaled toto the waiter for the bill.汤姆示意服务员结账。(2)He ra
8、ised his arm to signal us to stop.他抬起手臂示意我们停下。 易混辨析 signal，sign，symbol，marksignal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。sign 表示“告示，标记”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外还可指“征兆，迹象” 。symbol 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。mark 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。还可以指污点、污渍、分数、成绩等。选词填空 signal，sign，symbol，mark(3)The dove is the symbol of pea
9、ce.(4)Every coat in the shop has a price mark sewn on it.(5)He ignored the traffic signals and caused the accident.(6)Sir，you are not allowed to walk your pet on the lawn.Dont you see the sign：“Keep off the grass”？单项填空(7)In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to that someone was mov
10、ing about upstairs.(2015湖北，24)Awhisper BsignalCdeclare Dcomplain答案 B解析 句意为：为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的 pointed her finger upwards 可知，她只是竖起手指示意，并没有出声。signal 示意，符合句意。whisper 低语；declare 宣布；complain 抱怨。44 4TheThe captaincaptain，whowho hadhad receivedreceived warningswarnings aboutabout icebergs
11、icebergs allall dayday，hadhad dismisseddismissed thethe warningswarnings asas theythey arrived.arrived.船长全天都收到冰山警告，但却对到来的警告疏于注意。(1)warning n警告；预告，预兆(2)warn vt.警告warn sb.of sth.警告某人提防某事warn sb.not/never to do sth.警告某人不要做某事warn sb.against doing sth.警告某人不要做某事(1)Doctors issued a warningwarning against e
12、ating any fish caught in the river.医生们发出警告：不要吃从那条河里捕的鱼。(2)I warned you of the risk，didnt I?我警告过你那有危险，对不对？单项填空(3)During the period of recent terrorist activities，people not to touch the unattended bag.Ahad always been warnedBwere always being warnedCare always warningDalways warned答案 B解析 句意为：在最近的恐怖活动
13、期间，人们总是被警告不要去碰任何无人照看的包。people 与 warn 之间为被动关系，所以排除 C 和 D；had always been warned 为过去完成时，表示“过去的过去” ，而语境中没有任何这种时态的提示，也应排除。warn sb.not to do sth.意为“警告某人不要做某事” ，同时，always 用在进行时中也表示了说话者的抱怨、不满情绪，故选 B。5 5OnceOnce thethe paperpaper makersmakers showedshowed peoplepeople howhow toto makemake paperpaper，itit ca
14、mecame intointo widespreadwidespread useuse allall overover thethe world.world.一旦造纸的人教给人们如何造纸，纸就开始在全世界广泛使用起来。come into use 开始使用come into force 开始生效come into existence 开始存在come into fashion 开始流行5(1)When did the train comecome intointo use?use?这列火车什么时候开始使用的？(2)When do the new regulations come into for
15、ce?新规章什么时候开始生效？(3)How did the universe first come into existence?宇宙最初是怎么形成的？(4)Long skirts have come into fashion again.长裙子又开始流行起来了。经典句式经典句式OnceOnce thethe paperpaper makersmakers showedshowed peoplepeople howhow toto makemake paperpaper，itit camecame intointo widespreadwidespread useuse allall over
16、over thethe world.world.一旦造纸的人教给人们如何造纸，纸就开始在全世界广泛使用起来。(1)句中 once 作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦；一就” ，其中 how to make paper 是“疑问词to do”作宾语。(2)once 引导时间状语从句：如果主句表示将来的含义，从句常用一般现在时表将来，即“主将从现” 。若从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语含有 be 动词时，可将从句主语与 be 动词一起省略。(1)OnceOnce I I looklook upup somethingsomething onon thethe InternetInternet，
17、I dont need to keep all the details for future use.一旦我在网上查东西，就不需要保存所有的细节以备将来使用了。(2)Once you have heard the song，you will never forget it.一旦你听了这首歌，就永远忘不了它。(3)Once(his face is) known，his face is never forgotten.一旦认识，他的面容让人永生难忘。单项填空(4)I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyo
18、ne else.(2015陕西，20)Athough Bas ifConce Dso that答案 C解析 句意为：一旦你在这儿认识了其他所有人之后，我相信你会在这儿有一段美好的时光。once 一旦，符合句意。6.词形变换1The woman went to see the accident to satisfy her curiosity(curious)2It is said that his father used to be a famous explorer(explore)3The driver was driving very fast，ignoring the warning(
19、warn)4The police are responsible for the preservation(preserve) of law and order.5The thief was lucky，for he escaped punishment(punish).完成句子6决定一经做出，我们所有人都应该坚持它。Once a decision has been made，all of us should stick to it.7经过艰苦努力，她实现了当一名女演员的理想。After hard efforts，she realized her dream of/about becoming
20、 an actress.8他总是第一个来上班的人。He is always the first person to come to work.9每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康。Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.10我认为杰克与他的同事们相处得不是很好。I dont think Jacks getting along well with his colleagues.单项填空11It is 8 oclock.Tom should have arrived here，but he still hasnt .Aturned on
21、Bturned upCgot over Dreferred to答案 B解析 句意为：八点钟了，汤姆本该到这里了，但是他还没有出现。turn on 打开；turn up 出现；get over 克服；refer to 查阅。根据句意可知选 B 项。12Here is my card.Lets keep in .Atouch BrelationCconnection Dfriendship答案 A解析 touch 作名词时构成短语 keep in touch，意为“保持联系” 。13 you lose confidence，you can never expect to do your work
22、 well.AWhile BBefore COnce DUnless7答案 C解析 句意为：一旦你失去信心，就别想能把工作做好了。once 一旦，符合句意。14In our class，when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book，it was a for everyone to stand up.Asignal BchanceCmark Dmeasure答案 A解析 signal 信号；chance 机会；mark 记号；measure 措施。句中 it 代替“铃响时老师合上书”这件事，而“它”正是大家要起立的“信号” 。15I him
23、 of the opposition he would meet.Awarned BthreatenedCtreated Dthreaded答案 A解析 句意为：我警告他会遇到对手。warn 警告，告诫；warn sb.of sth.警告某人提防某事。threaten 威胁，恐吓；treat 对待；thread 穿针，穿过。用所给词的正确形式填空1We had planned(plan) to play football，but it rained heavily.2No sooner had he arrived(arrive) than the trouble started.3I hav
24、e traveled(travel) to most of the cities in China since five years ago.4The boy didnt watch(not，watch) the movie last night because he had watched(watch) it twice.5The train hasnt gone(not，go) yet.一、过去完成时的用法过去完成时由“had过去分词”构成，其用法较复杂，在使用过程中应特别注意以下几个方面：1过去完成时可用来表示：(1)过去某一时刻或动作以前已完成的动作或存在的状态。The play ha
25、d already been on when we got to the theatre.我们到达剧院时戏已经开演了。8(2)某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的计划或愿望。常用的这类动词有：hope，expect，suppose，think，want，intend，mean，plan 等。I had thought that we were going to be invited to dinner.我本来以为我们会被邀请去吃饭的。2过去完成时中的“过去时间”可由下列结构表示：(1)after，before，by，until 等构成的介词短语。(2)after，as soon as，befo
26、re，since，when，until 等引导的时间状语从句。(3)already，yet，ever，before，never 等副词(作状语)。I recognized the man at once，because I had seen him before.我一下子就认出了这个人，因为我以前见过他。She didnt go to bed until her son had finished his homework.直到她儿子写完家庭作业她才去睡觉。When I called on her，she had been ill for two weeks.我去看她时，她已生病两个星期了。3在
27、含有 as soon as，after，before，when，until 等表示过去时态的复合句中，若主、从句动作不同时发生，先发生的就用过去完成时；若一个动作紧接着另一个动作发生或两个动作几乎同时发生，则皆用一般过去时。He died before I had (had) a chance to speak to him.我还没来得及跟他说话，他就死了。4在“It was the first/second.time从句”结构中，从句必须使用过去完成时。It was the first time he had come to China.这是他第一次来中国。5在 hardly/scarcel
28、y/rarely.when.和 no sooner.than.等结构中，主句使用过去完成时。I had hardly got into the car when I heard a man call my name.我刚跨进车子就听见有一名男子叫我的名字。She had no sooner seen her lost child than she began to cry.她一见到她那丢/走失的孩子就哭了起来。6在表示过去动作先于主句动作发生的定语从句中，用过去完成时。But the finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped
29、 into the cup.但是我放进嘴里的手指并不是我在杯子里蘸了一下的那个手指。7在时间、条件状语从句中，用过去完成时代替过去将来完成时。I knew she would wait long at the school gate until the class had finished.我知道她将在校门口等很长时间直到下课。9二、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别1现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的状况。The car has arrived.车已经来了。Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。2过去完成时表示“过去的过去” ，即表
30、示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准。How long had Mr Wang taught in the middle school before he came here?王先生来这里之前，在中学教了多长时间？The machine went much better after it had been oiled.上过油之后机器运转得好多了。1In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones yet.(2017北京，29)Ahave
31、nt inventedBhavent been inventedChadnt inventedDhadnt been invented答案 D解析 句意为：在 20 世纪 50 年代的美国，大多数家庭家里仅有一部电话，无线电话还没有被发明出来。由 in the 1950s 可知句子说的是过去发生的事情，又由 yet 可知，要用完成时，故空格处用过去完成时；又因 phones 与 invent 之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。综合可知，选 D 项。2When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I for years.(2016天津，
32、3)Adidnt see Bhavent seenChadnt seen Dwouldnt see答案 C解析 考查动词的时态。句意为：沿街散步时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了。“没见”表示的动作在 came across 之前，且 for years 是完成时的标志，所以应选表示过去完成时的 hadnt seen。3Silk one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.10(2016浙江，9)Ahad become Bwas becomingChas become Dis becoming答
33、案 A解析 考查动词的时态。句意为：到大约公元前 100 年时，丝绸就已成为沿丝绸之路进行交易的主要货物之一。 “by过去时间”作状语，谓语应用过去完成时态。根据句意可知选A。4Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I my book in the caf.(2015安徽，24)Ahave left Bhad leftCwould leave Dwas leaving答案 B解析 考查动词的时态。 句意为：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在咖啡馆了。realized 后省略了 that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致， “落下”的
34、动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，故选 B。5Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really.She us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.(2015北京，27)Awas to give Bhad givenCwas giving Dwould give答案 B解析 考查动词的时态。句意为：你们找到安的家有困难吗？不是很难，她已经给了我们清晰的指引，我们很容易就找到它了。由句意可知 give 这一动作发生在“我们找安的家”之前，是发生在“过去的过去” ，
35、故用过去完成时。6In the last few years，China great achievements in environmental protection.(2015北京，26)Ahas made Bhad madeCwas making Dis making答案 A解析 考查动词的时态。句意为：在最近的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。 由“in the last few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。7Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we .(2014山
36、东，1)11Awill expect Bare expectingCexpect Dhad expected答案 D解析 考查动词的时态。句意为：手写所有的邀请函比我们预计的更费时。 “预计”发生在“手写邀请函”之前，而“手写邀请函”是一个过去的事实，故“预计(expect)”这个动作应用过去完成时态。8The twins，who their homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground.(2014安徽，23)Awill finish BfinishChave finished Dhad finished答案 D解析 考查动
37、词的时态。句意为：已完成家庭作业的这对双胞胎被允许到操场上打羽毛球。根据语境可知， “完成家庭作业”是在 were allowed 之前发生的动作，属于“过去的过去” ，应使用过去完成时态。129During his stay in Xian，Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends .(2014陕西，22)Awould recommend Bhad recommendedChave recommended Dwere recommending答案 B解析 考查动词的时态。所填词动作发生在 tried 动作之前，即表“过去的过去” ，
38、用过去完成时，故选 B 项。10I found the lecture hard to follow because it when I arrived.(2014北京，32)Astarted Bwas startingCwould start Dhad started答案 D解析 考查动词的时态。句意为：我觉得很难听懂这堂讲座了，因为我到的时候它已经开始了。由 hard to follow 可知，start 的动作发生在“我”到达之前，arrive 的动作在过去发生，故此处表示发生在“过去的过去” ，用过去完成时态。.用所给词的正确形式填空1There had been(be) 25 par
39、ks in our city up till 2016.2A quarrel didnt break out as he had expected(expect)3She already knew the secret but no one had told(tell) her.4I had intended(intend) to see you but I was too busy.5Every means has been tried(try) to solve the problem since last week.6She said she had seen(see) the film
40、 before.7No sooner had I gone(go) out than he came to see me.8When I got back to the shop，my bag had been taken(take) away by someone else.9By the end of last week，I had read(read) three books.10Why havent you asked her to come here?She was doing an important experiment when I found her and she hasn
41、t finished(not，finish) it.完成句子11当你拿回论文时，要特别注意被标记的地方。When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what has been marked.12昨天他见到了很久未见的老朋友。13He saw his old friend yesterday who he hadnt seen for a long time.1413男孩告诉警察他看到有人偷自行车了。The boy told the police that he had seen someone steal a bike.14自从十年
42、前我就在这个城市里工作了。I have worked in this city since ten years ago.15那是我生平第一次去国外。That was the first time that I had gone abroad in my life.单项填空16A former Chinese soldier，who in India for over half a century，flew home to China on February 11,2017.Atrapped Bhad trappedChas been trapped Dhad been trapped答案 D解
43、析 句意为：一位被困印度半个多世纪的中国老兵，终于在 2017 年 2 月 11 日乘飞机回到了中国的家。由 a former Chinese soldier 与 trap 之间为被动关系可知，要用被动语态；被困的动作发生在 flew 所表示的动作之前，故用过去完成时的被动形式。17Owing to the speeding up of urbanization and improvement of living standards，peoples consumption patterns in the last few years.Achanged BchangeChad changed D
44、have changed答案 D解析 句意为：由于城市化的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高，在过去的几年里，人们的消费模式也发生了变化。由句中的 in the last few years 可知，要用现在完成时态，故选D。18The farmers were worried about the coming flood，because they just the seeds.Ahave；sowed Bhad；sowedChad；been sowing Dwould；sow答案 B解析 句意为：农民们担心即将到来的洪水，因为他们刚播下了种子。根据句意可知 sow 这一动作发生在 were worri
45、ed 之前且已经完成，所以此处是“过去的过去” ，故用过去完成时态。所以答案为 B。19In the UK，some people equate life experience with the number of stamps in their passports.Thats why they all agree that they the “travel bug” 15Acatch BcaughtChave caught Dare to catch答案 C解析 句意为：在英国，一些人将生活阅历等同于他们护照上的印戳数量。那就是为什么他们都同意说他们对旅游着了迷。由语境知他们对旅游着了迷应为
46、已经发生的行为，应用现在完成时，故选 C 项。20The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody them since.Asees BsawChas seen Dhad seen答案 C解析 句意为：这些报告在 2012 年遗失了，自那之后就没有人看见过。第二个分句中，since 作为副词，置于句末，意为“自那以后” 。由 since 可知此处要用现在完成时态，故C 项正确。.单项填空1By the time he realized he into a trap，it will be late for him to do anything about i
47、t.Ahas been walking Bhad walkedCwalks Dhas walked答案 B解析 句意为：当他意识到已经进入了圈套时，对他来说已经太晚了，什么也做不了了。根据句中的 realized 可知，此处用过去完成时。2The couple 10 years ago，and that means they for 10 years.Amarried；have marriedBwere married；have been marriedCgot married；have marriedDgot married；have been married答案 D解析 get married 表示动作；be married 表示状态，与表示一段时间的状语连用。3In the test，all the subjects were woken up several times during the night，and asked to report what they .(2017徐州一中高一上段测)Ahad