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1、1.EnglishforAcademicCommunication2.洪卫主编洪卫主编电子工业出版社电子工业出版社20122.精选科技英语阅读教程精选科技英语阅读教程SelectedReadingsinScientificEnglish主编主编秦荻辉秦荻辉西安电子科技大学出版社西安电子科技大学出版社2008GeneralIntroduction第第2章章学术论文写作基础知识学术论文写作基础知识第第4章章学术论文写作常见问题与错误分析学术论文写作常见问题与错误分析(sentencewriting)第第3章章学术论文写作要求及注意事项学术论文写作要求及注意事项（paperwriting）第第5章章
2、学术论文发表（学术论文发表（Coverletter写作）写作）第第6-7章国际学术会议及演讲章国际学术会议及演讲GeneralIntroductionI.DefinitionofacademicwritingAcademicwritingisaformalwriting.Themainaimofacademicwritingistoinform andnotentertain likecreativewriting.-tosummarizeorsynthesizeinformationandideasgatheredfromaresearch-toexplain,compareandcontr
3、ast,evaluate,oranalyzeconcepts,events,andphenomena-toarguefororagainstapositioninanongoingdebateI.DefinitionofacademicwritingcomplexformalobjectiveexplicitII.Featuresofacademicwritinglongerwordsamorevariedvocabularyusesmorenoun-basedphrasesthanverb-basedphraseshasmoregrammaticalcomplexity,includingm
4、oresubordinateclausesandmorepassives.ComplexityII.FeaturesofacademicwritingavoidcolloquialwordsandexpressionsImpersonaltonewhichcanheachievedbyavoidanceofintimacywordssuchasyouorI,butratherusehe,she,researcher,one,andsoon.FormalityII.Featuresofacademicwritingthemainemphasisshouldbeontheinformationth
5、atyouwanttogiveandtheargumentsyouwanttomake,ratherthanyou.avoidingsubjectivity,forexample:1)Paroisextremelycoldinwinter.2)Paroexperiencesaslowas2degreeCelsiusinwinter.ObjectivityII.FeaturesofacademicwritingmakeitcleartothereaderhowthevariouspartsofthetextarerelatedTheideasandinformationareexplicitan
6、dnotjustimplied.ExplicitnessII.Featuresofacademicwritingn词汇(lexis)n句法：中英句子对比(syntax)n篇章(Discourse)III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting n词汇词汇(lexis)1.英语中的词性变化英语中的词性变化TheSiS730Schipsetispricedat$42in10,000-unitlots.SiS730S芯片组批量10000套的价格为每套42美元。III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwri
7、ting 1)Asearlyashissecondfilm,Chaplinhaddevelopedhisownmannerofacting,theonethatwasworldfamous.2)Whilepeopleinothercountriesoftheworldweretryingtocatchwildanimalsandbirdsandwerestillcollectingseedsandnuts,farmersinChinaweredevelopingthescienceofagriculture.3)Photographersreturnandthephotosarequickly
8、developed.2.一词多义一词多义III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting 4)SomemarriedpeoplewhoarenotsatisfiedwiththeirfamilymayresorttotheInternettodevelopanextramaritalaffair.5)Andthirdly,computergameshelpdevelopchildrensinterestincomputers.6)Atthesametime,anotherpaperwasdeveloped,madefromsilk.III.Di
9、fferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting 1)Timeflieslikeanarrow.Fruitflieslikeabanana.III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting 2)Marriageisaninstitutioninwhichamanloseshisbachelorsdegreeandthewomangetshermastersstatus.3)Canyougetdownfromanelephant？No.Youcanonlygetdownfromtheducks.4)Whyis
10、thestadiumsocool？Becausetherearesomanyfans.3.英语中名词主导而汉语中动词居多英语中名词主导而汉语中动词居多of+抽象名词=形容词；with+抽象名词=副词；冠词+抽象名词=一个动作；on/upon+动名词或名词化的动词，相当于assoonas.III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting 冠词+抽象名词=一个动作例：Theprerequisiteisagoodknowledgeofelectriccircuitfundamentals.前提是要很好地掌握电路基础。类似的有：acalculation
11、计算一下adiscussion讨论一下ananalysis分析一下III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting 4.量词的使用量词的使用汉语的名词前常常有量词来修饰,英语中则借用一些普通名词作为单位词（UnitNoun)来表示事物的个数或容积。单位词既可以和可数名词搭配，也可以和不可数名词搭配。比如：一窝小鸡：abroodofchickens一群蚂蚁：acolonyofants一群羊：aflockofsheep一群鲸：aschoolofwhalesIII.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriti
12、ng 一块香皂：a_ofsoap一捆干草：a_ofhay一根草：a_ofgrass一条新闻：a_ofnews;an_ofnews一粒米：a_ofrice一滴水：a_ofwater一瓶墨水：a_ofink一桶牛奶：a_ofmilk一杯啤酒：a_ofbeer一杯咖啡：a_ofcoffeeIII.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting 一块香皂：abar/cakeofsoap一捆干草：abundleofhay一根草：abladeofgrass一条新闻：apieceofnews;anitemofnews一粒米：agrainofrice一滴水：adro
13、pofwater一瓶墨水：abottleofink一桶牛奶：apailofmilk一杯啤酒：aglassofbeer一杯咖啡：acupofcoffeeIII.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting 5.英语的冠词英语的冠词6.各种连接词的使用各种连接词的使用安装调试完毕，则退出软件，关闭设备，按接通电源的逆顺序断开电源。Aftertheinstallationanddebugging,exitthesoftware,turnoffthedevice,anddisconnectthepowersupplyinthereverseorderofs
14、witchingonthepower.III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting n句法：中英句子对比句法：中英句子对比(syntax)III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting 1.汉语重意合，英语重形合汉语重意合，英语重形合汉语的流水句：结构开放，句界含糊，写句“以意为尽”。“追求流动的韵律、节奏、不滞于形”牡丹江水，汹涌澎湃，万马奔腾，一泻千里。牡丹江水，汹涌澎湃，万马奔腾，一泻千里。Wavesuponwaves,thePeonyRiverrushedviolentlydown
15、itslongcourseslikeahorsegalloping.汉语的竹竿句：按时间或逻辑顺序，层层铺开，呈线汉语的竹竿句：按时间或逻辑顺序，层层铺开，呈线形推进。形推进。这是一个秋天的下午。细雨淅沥，秋风瑟瑟。他们撑这是一个秋天的下午。细雨淅沥，秋风瑟瑟。他们撑着雨伞，攀沿着一个弯曲的山间小道去拜望一位隐居着雨伞，攀沿着一个弯曲的山间小道去拜望一位隐居在深山的朋友。在深山的朋友。III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting Theywalkedwithumbrellasupawindingmountainpathonadrizzlin
16、gandwindyautumnafternoonforavisittoafriendlivinginseclusion.III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting 2.汉语先说事，英语先表态汉语先说事，英语先表态如蒙汇来商品目录以及现行销售条款，我们将不甚感激。Wewouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldsendusyourcatalogtogetherwiththecurrentsalesterms.3.汉语重主体意识，英语重客体意识汉语重主体意识，英语重客体意识我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。The
17、thickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.Bitternessfedonthemanwhohadmadetheworldlaugh.III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting 这位曾给全世界带来笑声的人自己却饱尝辛酸。（汉语不说：痛苦哺育了这位使全世界的人发出笑声的人。）4.4.英语重时体态；汉语轻时体态（英语重时体态；汉语轻时体态（P.15P.15）III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting 牛津的在校学生数无论现在还是过去都比多伦多大学少。Ox
18、fordhas,orhadtillyesterday,fewerstudentsthantheUniversityofToronto.III.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishacademicwriting n篇章篇章(Discourse)（P.15）语篇连接手段：照应，替代，省略，重复和逻辑衔接词。英语较多使用显性连接：照应、指代、逻辑衔接词汉语多用隐性衔接：省略、重复Shewasofahelpless,fleshybuild（体格）（体格）,withafrank,opencountenance(面容面容)andaninnocent,diffidentmanner.
19、Hereyeswerelargeandpatient,andinthemdweltsuchashadowofdistressasonlythosewhohavelookedsympatheticallyintothecountenancesofthedistraughtandhelplesspoorknowanythingabout.摘自（珍妮姑娘）（摘自（珍妮姑娘）（JennieGerhardt）那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无一双大落落的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于焦虑无助的穷穷的心事，只有那些对于焦虑无助的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。