《《圆明园全英介绍》PPT课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《圆明园全英介绍》PPT课件.ppt（14页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Old Summer PalaceThe Location of Old Summer The Location of Old Summer PalacePalaceItislocated8kilometres(5.0mi)northwestofthewallsoftheImperialCityandwasbuiltinthe18thandearly19thcenturyastheplacewheretheemperorsoftheQingdynastyresidedandhandledgovernmentaffairs(theForbiddenCitywasusedforformalcere
2、monies).TheOldSummerPalacewasknownforitsextensivecollectionofgardenandbuildingarchitecturesandotherworksofart(apopularnameinChinawastheGardenofGardens,simplifiedChinese:万园之园万园之园;traditionalChinese:萬園之園萬園之園;pinyin:wnyunzhyun).TheImperialGardensattheOldSummerPalaceweremadeupofthreegardens:GardenofPerf
3、ectBrightnessproper(simplifiedChinese:圆明园明园;traditionalChinese:圓明園圓明園;pinyin:YunmngYun)GardenofEternalSpring(simplifiedChinese:长春园春园;traditionalChinese:長春園長春園;pinyin:ChngchnYun)ElegantSpringGarden(simplifiedChinese:绮春园春园;traditionalChinese:綺綺春園春園;pinyin:QchnYun)InitialconstructionoftheOldSummerPalac
4、eInitialconstructionoftheOldSummerPalacebeganin1707duringthereignoftheKangxibeganin1707duringthereignoftheKangxiEmperor.ItwasintendedasagiftfortheEmperor.Itwasintendedasagiftfortheemperorsfourthson,PrinceYong(theemperorsfourthson,PrinceYong(thefutureYongzhengEmperor),whowouldgreatlyfutureYongzhengEm
5、peror),whowouldgreatlyexpandtheImperialGardensin1725.TheexpandtheImperialGardensin1725.TheYongzhengEmperoralsointroducedtheYongzhengEmperoralsointroducedthewaterworksofthegardens,creatinglakes,waterworksofthegardens,creatinglakes,streamsandpondstocomplementtherollinghillsstreamsandpondstocomplementt
6、herollinghillsandgrounds,andnamed28scenicspotswithinandgrounds,andnamed28scenicspotswithinthegarden.thegarden.Period IThe History of Old Summer Palace DuringtheQianlongEmperorsreign,thesecondexpansionwaswellunderwayandthenumberofscenicspotsincreasedto50(theemperorpersonallydirectedtheconstructionpro
7、cess).ThesplendorsofthepalaceandthegroundsweredepictedintheFortyViewsoftheYuanmingyuan,analbumproducedin1744bytheQianlongEmperorscourtpainters.Period IIThelastEuropeanappearanceintheOldSummerPalaceinthecontextoftraditionalChineseimperialforeignrelations,wasadiplomaticmissionin1795representingtheinte
8、restsoftheDutchandDutchEastIndiaCompany.TheTitsinghdelegationincludedIsaacTitsingh,theDutch-AmericanAndreasEverardusvanBraamHouckgeest,andtheFrenchmanChrtien-Louis-JosephdeGuignes.Bothpublishedcomplementaryaccountsofthemission.TitsinghdiedbeforehecouldpublishhisversionoftheeventsPeriod IIILooting of
9、 the Old Summer Palace by Looting of the Old Summer Palace by Anglo-French forces in 1860 during Anglo-French forces in 1860 during theSecond Opium War.theSecond Opium War.The process of invadingThe process of invadingThe Destruction of Old Summer PalaceIn 1860,duringtheSecondOpiumWar,BritishandFren
10、chexpeditionaryforces,havingmarchedinlandfromthecoastatTianjin(Tientsin),arrivedinBeijing(Peking).In mid-September,twoenvoys,HenryLochandHarryParkswentaheadofthemainforceunderaflagoftrucetonegotiatewithPrinceYiandrepresentativesoftheQingEmpireatTongzhou(Tungchow).On the night of 6 October,Frenchunit
11、sdivertedfromthemainattackforcetowardstheOldSummerPalace.On October 18,LordElgin,theBritishHighCommissionertoChina,retaliatedagainstthetortureandexecutionsbyorderingthedestructionoftheOldSummerPalace.AftermathIn1873,theteenageTongzhiEmperorattemptedtorebuildtheOldSummerPalace,onthepretextofturningit
12、intoaplaceofretirementforhistwoformerregents,theempressdowagersCianandCixi.However,theimperialcourtlackedthefinancialresourcestorebuildthepalace,andattheurgingofthecourt,theemperorfinallyagreedtostoptheprojectin1874.Duringthe1880s,anadjacentimperialgardens,theGardensofClearRipples(thepresent-daySummerPalace)wasrestoredfortheuseofEmpressDowagerCixiasanewsummerresort,albeitonasmallerscale.Thank You !