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1、人教版新教材选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 复习巩固资料单词 & Reading and Thinking一、 词汇（一）课表词汇和短语（英译汉并注意词性和相应的用法）1.attend to2.once and for all3.contradictory4.infection5.subscribe to6.severe7.proof8.severe9.multiple10.household11.suspect12.be to blame13.handle14.intervention15.link16.raw17.pure18.substantia
2、l19.decrease20.statistic21.transform22.water pump23.frustrated24.microscope25.thinking26.protein27.cell28.virus29.initial30.solid31.cast32.framework33.finding34.pour35.concrete36.shadow37.break out38.mechanic39.defend40.assistant41.in charge of42.leadership43.missile44.outstanding45.gifted46.abstrac
3、te down48.steady49.astronomer50.brilliant51.besides52.telescope53.furthermore54.above all55.shift56.fault57.vivid58.trace59.patriotic60.thanks to（二）本单元相关话题词汇(音译汉)1. cholera_diarrhoea_dehydration_ germ_virus_2. aerospace_mechanical_aviation_jet_（三）专有名词(了解常识)1. Queen Victoria 2. Cambridge3. non-Newton
4、ian fluid 4. the Jet Propulsion Laboratory5.Stephen Hawking 6.Fred Hoyle 7. the big bang theory二、 课文巩固。（在空白处填空）Cholera used to be one of the most feared 1._ (disease) in the world, until a British doctor. John Snow, showed 2. _it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration,
5、and even 3._ . In the early19th century, when 4._ outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became 5._ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria whe
6、n she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire 6._(destroy) cholera once and for all. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory 7._(theory) to explain how cholera spread. One theory was 8._ bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera 9. _(cause )by an infection from germs
7、 in food or water. Snow subscribed 10. _ the second theory. It was correct, 11._ he still needed proof. 12._(consequent) , when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was 13. _ severe that more than 500
8、people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.Snow began by 14. _(mark) on a map the exact places where all those 15. _died had lived. There were multiple 16._(death) near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and40). However, some households (such as 20 a
9、nd 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) 17. _(have) no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They 18. _(give) free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was 19._(blame).What is more, in another part of London, a woman
10、and her daughter 20._ (die) of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it 21._(deliver) to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Acc
11、ordingly, he had the handle of the pump 22._(remove) so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.The 23._(true) was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other case
12、s of cholera 24._ the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames 25._was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely 26._(get ) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled waterThrough Snows 27._(不懈努力), water companies began
13、to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw 28._(大幅降低). However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, 29. _(多亏了) the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use
14、 of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow 30._ (consider) the father of modern epidemiology.答案：一、词汇（一）课表词汇和短语（英译汉并注意词性和相应的用法）1.attend to照顾，照料2.once and for all彻底地；最终地3.contradictory相互矛盾的，对立的4.infection感染，传染5.subscribe to同意；赞同；订购6.severe极为恶劣的；严
15、重的7.proof证据8.infect使感染；传染9.multiple数量多的；多种多样10.household一家人；家庭11.suspectvt.怀疑；n.怀疑对象12.be to blame对某事应负责任的13.handlevt.处理；n.把手14.intervention干预；介入；干涉15.linkvt.把.连接;n.联系16.raw生的；未经处理的17.pure干净的；纯的18.substantial大量的；重大的19.decreasevt.减少；减低；n.减少20.statistic统计数字21.transform使改变形态；使改观22.water pump水泵23.frustr
16、ated懊恼的；沮丧的24.microscope显微镜25.thinking发现；调查结果26.protein蛋白质27.cell细胞；小房间；单间牢房28.virus病毒29.initial最初的；起初的30.solid可靠的；固体的31.cast投射；向.投以；投掷32.framework框架；结构33.rainbow彩虹34.pour倒出；倾泻；斟35.concreten.混凝土；adj.具体的36.shadow阴影；影子37.break out突然开始；爆发38.mechanic机械师；机械修理工39.defend保卫；守卫40.assistant助手；助理41.in charge o
17、f主管；掌管42.leadership领导才能；领导地位43.missile导弹44.outstanding优秀的；杰出的45.gifted有天赋的46.abstractadj.抽象的；n.摘要e down患病;染上48.steady稳定的；平稳的49.astronomer天文学家50.brilliant聪颖的；绝妙的51.besidesprep.除.之外；adv.此外52.telescope望远镜53.furthermore此外；再者54.above all最重要的是；尤其是55.shiftn.转换；轮班；v.转移56.fault弱点；过错57.vivid生动的；鲜亮的58.tracevt.
18、追踪；查出；n.痕迹59.patriotic爱国的60.thanks to多亏了（二）本单元相关话题词汇(音译汉)1.cholera霍乱 diarrhoea 腹泻 dehydration脱水 germ微生物；细菌 virus 病毒2.aerospace航空航天工业mechanical机械的；机器的aviation 航空制造业 jet喷气式飞机（三）专有名词(了解常识)1. Queen Victoria 维多利亚女王 2. Cambridge剑桥3. non-Newtonian fluid 非牛顿流体 4. the Jet Propulsion Laboratory喷气推进实验室5.Stephe
19、n Hawking 史蒂芬.霍金 （英国物理学家） 6.Fred Hoyle 弗雷德.霍伊尔（英国天文学家） 7. the big bang theory大爆炸宇宙论二、课文巩固。（在空白处填空）1.diseases 2.how 3.death 4.an 5.frustrated 6. to destroy 7.theories 8.that 9.was caused 10.to11.but 12.Consequently 13.so 14. marking 15.who16.deaths 17.had had 18. had been given 19.to blame 20.had die
20、d21.delivered 22.removed 23.truth 24.and 25.that/which26.to get 27.tireless efforts 28.a substantial decrease 29. thanks to30. is considered附课文翻译在英国医生约翰斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望
21、。关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此
22、外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。4学科网（北京）股份有限公司