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1、专题课轻松突破语法填空（下）（高考真题）The adobe dwellings(土坯房） 1 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able) to “air condition”a house without 4 （us
2、e）electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 （slow）during cool nights，thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cool) the house during the hot day; 7 the same time, they
3、 warm up again for the night This cycle 8 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As 9 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make
4、 the cycle work on most days.1. built【解析】考查过去分词用法。由于句子已经有了谓语动词are admired，所以空格处只能填非谓语动词；再根据adobe dwellings与build之间的被动关系，可知空格处应填过去分词(用作后置定语)。2. the【解析】考查冠词用法。由于空格后的most modern为形容词的最高级，故填定冠词the。3. ability【解析】考查形容词与名词的变换。根据空格前的their可知，此处应填名词形式。4. using【解析】考查动名词用法。由空格前的介词without可知空格处应该使用动名词形式。5. slowly【
5、解析】考查副词用去。由于所填之词是用于修饰动词短语give out that heat，故用副词形式slowly，指“慢慢地”释放白天吸收的热量。6. to cool【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。本句所涉及的动词句型为be adj. enough to do sth.，其意为“足够能够做某事”。7. at【解析】考查介词在固定搭配中的用法。at the same time是固定搭配，意思是“同时”。8. goes【解析】考查时态的用去。此处描述的是客观事实(指前面提到的循环不断地持续下去)，故用一般现在时。9. natural【解析】考查名词与形容词的转换。根据空格后的名词architects
6、可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，即natural。10. how【解析】考查语境中连词的用法。根据空格后面的形容词thick可知，此处应填how来引导宾语从句。一、语篇分析本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人修建的土坯房，这些房子白天吸收热量，晚上释放热量，从而使得房间内的温度适宜。这些房子让现在的建筑师和工程师都赞叹不已。二、解题策略不容忽视的介词和介词短语介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与实词或短语共同构成介词短语，在句子中充当一定的成分。语法填空题中，对于没有给出提示词的空，要看是否存在动词与介词的搭配、形容词与介词的搭配或相关介词等。例如上一篇短文中的第7空，根据
7、空后面的the same time提示以及上下文语义，可以猜到，空处应填介词at，组成at the same time固定搭配。介词固定搭配是短文填空中不容忽视的一处重要考点。有些固定搭配需要熟记：1. 介词与名词的常用搭配at present 目前at the same time 同时at the age of 在岁时at the beginning of 在的开始at the cost of 以的代价at the end of 在的最后at the price of 以的价格at the rate of 以的比例at the risk of 冒的危险on a diet 在节食on busi
8、ness 因公出差on behalf of 代表on the condition of 在的条件下by accident 偶然in advance 提前in brief 简言之in conclusion 总之in length 在长度上in common 共有in danger 处于危险中in doubt 不确定in need 在危急中in case of 万一in addition to 除之外（还）in exchange for 作为交换in no time 立刻 in no case 决不of importance 重要out of balance 失去平衡under considera
9、tion 在考虑中out of control 失去控制2. 形容词与介词的常用搭配be certain about 对确定be optimistic about 对乐观be shocked at 对震惊be active in 在方面积极be engaged in 忙于be eager for 渴望be responsible for 为负责be different from 不同于be contrary to 违反；反对be devoted to 致力于be opposed to 反对be used to 习惯于be aware of 意识到be short of 缺少（答题时间：40分钟
10、）语法填空AMany patients who dont want to tell their doctor how much they really drink are often more honest with a computer. The computer 1._ (use) for this purpose is programmed to be friendly. For example, if a patient called Ann says that 2. _ her parents are dead, the computer will say, “Im sorry to
11、 hear that, Ann.” Apart from expressing sympathy, the computer 3. _ also question and remind. If a patient says he 4. _ drinks alcohol, the computer can ask him, “Never? Not even at parties or at Christmas?” Does this direct contact 5. _ the patient and the computer mean that we do not need doctors
12、any more?It depends. Computers are useful 6. _ they do not look shocked if you say you drink two bottles of whisky 7. _ Day. And they do not stop to talk on the phone as doctors often do.But 8. _ a doctor said, “We smile and we give a patient a handkerchief or put arm around her shoulder if she 9. _
13、 (cry). That is 10. _ people will always want us.”BIn order to know a foreign language thoroughly (完全地), four things are necessary. First, we must understand the language 1. _ we hear it spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it 2. _ (oneself), correctly with confidence (自信) and 3. _ hesitation
14、(犹豫). 4. _, we must be able to write it. We must be able to 5. _ (make) sentences that are correct in grammar.There is no short way to succeed 6. _ language learning. A good memory (记忆) is a great help, but it is not enough only to memorize the rules from a grammar book. It is 7. _ much use learning
15、 by heart through long lists of words and their meanings, 8. _ (study) the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. If we are pleased with a few rules we 9. _ (memorize), we are not really learning the language. We must “Learn through use. Practice is important. We must practice 10
16、. _ (speak) and writing the language whenever we can.*C(Near the school gate, a woman driver was stopped by a traffic officer.)Officer: Madam, do you know how fast you were going just now?Driver: (Looking at the record.) Uh, well, no! I didnt think I was going that fast.Officer: This is a 25 mph zon
17、e, madam. You see that school over there? You 1. _ (go) 35 mph.Driver: 2. _ today is Sunday, sir. There is no school today.Officer: Madam, there 3. _ (be) signs that say what the speed limit is. Besides, children often come to school on the weekend 4. _ (play) sports. You see all those kids over the
18、re? What 5. _ you hit one of them by accident?Driver: Im 6. _ (terrible) sorry, Officer. I wont do it again. Could you please let me off with 7. _ warning?Officer: Im afraid I cant do that, madam. In school zones, Im required to give tickets to all drivers 8. _ Break the rules. Its the law in this c
19、ounty.Driver: Oh, dear! 9. _ is this going to cost me?Officer: I dont know, madam. Usually, these things can be taken care of for 10. _ (little) than $ 100. Now please sign here at the bottom.Driver: OK.A本文介绍计算机在患者就诊中的作用，同时也谈到医生的不可替代性。1. used 考查非谓语动词。use与the computer之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。2. both 考查代词。
20、由her parents可知用both，意为“（两者）都”。3. can 考查情态动词。主语the computer是第三人称单数，谓语动词却是原形，可知此处填情态动词；由句意可知电脑也“能”提问和提醒。另外，从下一句中的the computer can ask him也可得到提示。4. never 考查上下文语境的关系。由下文电脑的问话Never?可知答案。5. between 考查固定搭配。between. and. 为固定搭配，意为“在与之间”，此处指在病人和电脑这两者之间。6. because 考查状语从句。由语境可知后一分句与前一分句之间是因果关系，故填because。7. a 考查
21、冠词。a day意为“一天”，此处为名词短语作时间状语。8. as 考查定语从句。此处用as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如的”。9. is crying 考查时态。医生应当在病人“正在哭时”递给她手巾或拥抱她。10. why 考查表语从句。前面已讲清了原因，此处要引出结果，故用why引导的表语从句，表示结果。B英语学习无捷径可言。英语学习需要做好四件事。好的记忆力固然有帮助，但是远远不够，还需要我们不断地练习，并且要学以致用。1. when 此处为时间状语从句，句意为“首先，当我们听到有人说外语时，必须要听得懂”。when引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候”。2. ourselves 本句的主语
22、为we，反身代词要与之呼应，故用ourselves。3. without 句意为“第二，我们必须要能够自己开口说，还要说得正确、自信、毫不犹豫”。根据语境可知填without。4. Thirdly 根据上文的First，Secondly可以推断出答案，是另外一件事情，故用Thirdly。5. make be able to do sth“能够做某事。”make sentences意为“造句”。6. in succeed in doing sth为固定短语，意为“成功地做某事”。7. no 根据语境可知，只是背诵单词及意思或者研究字典是没有什么用处的，故此处表示否定意思。8. studying
23、Its no use doing sth意为“做某事没有用”，且根据learning和设空处的并列关系可知答案为studying。9. have memorized 根据语境可知，此处应该为现在完成时态，由主语we可知填have。10. speaking practice doing sth为固定结构，意为“练习做某事”。practice后不可接不定式结构。C这是一位女士和交警之间的一段对话，这位女士在学校附近超速。1. were going 考查过去进行时。根据语境可知，此处表示刚才女士驾车的速度已经达到35 mph，故用过去进行时。2. But 考查连词。根据下文中的“There is n
24、o school today”可知，此处表示转折，意为“但是今天是星期天”，故用But。3. are 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处是一般性的陈述，故用一般现在时；再根据空格后的signs可知，此处用复数形式，故填are。4. to play 考查动词不定式。根据语境可知，此处表示“孩子们经常在周末到学校来运动”，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，即to play。5. if 考查固定短语。此处表示“如果你意外撞倒他们中的一个怎么办”，故此处用what if“如果怎么办”的固定结构。6. terribly 考查副词。此处用副词terribly修饰形容词sorry，表示“十分抱歉”。7. a 考查冠词。此处表示“你能放过我，只给一个警告吗？”，故用不定冠词a。8. who/that 考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，“_Break the rules”是定语从句，修饰先行词drivers，指人，从句中缺少主语，故可用who或that。9. How much 考查特殊疑问词。此处表示“需要罚多少钱”，故此处用How much。10. less 考查比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处用little的比较级less。