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1、环状RNA的分子特性、功能及其组织修复研究进展,医学遗传学论文摘 要： 背景：环状RNA是一种非编码RNA，通过反式剪接使3 端和5 端以共价键相连接构成1个闭合环状构造。环状RNA广泛存在于多种生物细胞中，具有构造稳定、序列保守、来源丰富等特征。当前研究表示清楚环状RNA可通太多种途径发挥作用。目的：该文就环状RNA的分类及构成经过、分子特性、功能及其在组织损伤修复中的作用做一综述。方式方法：文献进行分析讨论。结果与结论：(1)当前发现的环状RNA根据其来源可分为4类：外显子来源的环状RNA(exonic circRNA)、外显子及内含子共同组成的环状RNA(EliRNA)、内含子来源的环状
2、RNA(ciRNA)和聚合酶(Pol)的转录通读构成的通读环状RNA(rt-circRNA);(2)环状RNA具有丰富性、保守性、稳定性；(3)越来越多的研究表示清楚环状RNA具有多种功能：海绵吸附功能、与蛋白互相作用、调节转录、介入蛋白翻译；(4)大量研究表示清楚环状RNA介入组织修复，其表示出特征与组织修复具有明显相关性。 本文关键词语： circRNA; miRNA; 环状RNA; 组织损伤; 组织修复; Abstract： BACKGROUND: Circular RNA(circRNA) is a new endogenous non-coding RNA produced by t
3、he RNA shearing process. It has a closed loop structure, without 3 cap and 5 poly(A) tail. circRNA is widely distributed in eukaryotes, and has the characteristics of stable structure, evolutionary conservation, and abundant sources. Current research has shown that circRNA can function through diver
4、sified ways. OBJECTIVE: To review the classification and formation process of circRNA, its molecular properties, potential functions and its role in tissue repair.METHODS: A computer-based search for literature in CNKI and PubMed databases published from January 2005 to April 2022 was performed usin
5、g the keywords of circRNA, function, miRNA, injury in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 39 articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Currently discovered circRNAs can be classified into four types according to their origins: exon-derived circRNA(exonic circRNA), exon-int
6、ron circRNA(EliRNA), intron-derived circRNA(ciRNA) and read-through circRNA(rt-circRNA). circRNA is rich, conservative and stable. Increasing studies have shown that circRNA has multiple functions, but mainly has the following four functions: sponge adsorption function, interaction with proteins, re
7、gulation of transcription, and participation in protein translation. Numerous studies have shown that circular RNA is involved in the regulation of tissue repair, and its expression profile is significantly related to tissue repair. Keyword： circRNA; miRNA; circular RNA; tissue injury; tissue repair
8、; 文章快速阅读： 文章描绘叙述 (1)环状RNA是一种环状小分子RNA，在组织修复中起着重要的作用； (2)环状RNA的研究热门集中于调控下游蛋白的表示出及作为内源竞争性RNA充当miRNA海绵； (3)环状RNA有望成为疾病诊断的生物标志物或治疗的靶点。 文题释义： 环状RNA：是一种新的内源性非编码RNA，产生于RNA剪切经过，无3 帽子构造和5 poly尾，呈闭合环状，可作为上游靶点调控mi RNA进而起到调控组织修复的作用。 环状RNA的主要功能：(1)作为内源竞争性RNA充当mi RNA海绵；(2)环状RNA与蛋白互相作用可介入多种生理活动的调控；(3)调节转录；(4)介入蛋白翻译
9、。 0 . 引言Introduction 环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一种新的内源性非编码RNA，产生于RNA剪切经过，呈闭合环状，无3 帽子构造和5 poly尾，广泛存在于真核细胞中，具有稳定性、进化保守性1,2,3。随着二代测序技术和生物信息学的快速发展，环状RNA逐步被研究者们所了解。研究表示清楚，环状RNA介入细胞内RNA调控网络，其表示出变化与疾病的发生、发展有密切关联。 1、 资料和方式方法Data and methods 1.1 、资料来源 由。 1.2、 入选标准 纳入所有国内外公开发表关于环状RNA的文章，包括综述、论着等。排除重复性研究。 1.3
10、、数据的提取 计算机初检得到95篇文献，阅读标题和内容摘要进行初筛，排除重复报道的文献以及与环状RNA不相关的文献。纳入符合标准的39篇文献进行分析。 2、 结果Results 2.1、 环状RNA的分类及构成机制 当前发现的环状RNA根据其来源可分为4类：外显子来源的环状RNA(exonic circRNA)、外显子及内含子共同组成的环状RNA(exon-intron circRNA,ElciRNA)4、内含子来源的环状RNA(circular intronic RNA,ciRNA)和通读环状RNA(read-through circRNA,rt-circRNA)2。 2.1.1、 外显子来
11、源的环状RNA和外显子及内含子共同组成的环状RNA 内含子配对驱动的环化 和 外显子跳跃 + 套索驱动的环化 是产生这2种环状RNA的机制：(1)位于外显子2和外显子3侧翼的内含子之间存在互补序列，其环化成环直接通过碱基互相配对构成，最终产生外显子来源的环状RNA或外显子及内含子共同组成的环状RNA;(2)前体RNA发生部分折叠进而使得外显子1的3 端剪接配体与外显子4的5 端剪接受体共价结合，进而构成一个包含外显子2及外显子3的套索构造，最终环化产生外显子来源的环状RNA或外显子及内含子共同组成的环状RNA，见图15。 图1 外显子来源环状RNA和外显子及内含子共同组成环状RNA的产生机制
12、2.1.2、 内含子来源的环状RNA 内含子来源的环状RNA分为类和类。类内含子来源的环状RNA的构成：结合在内含子上的一个外源鸟苷(exo G)攻击5 剪接位点，在开放获取文章，根据(知识分享许可协议 署名-非商业性使用-一样方式分享4.0 条款，在合理引用的情况下，允许别人以非商业性目的基于原文内容编辑、调整和扩展，同时允许任何用户阅读、下载、拷贝、传递、打印、检索、超级链接该文献，并为之建立索引，用作软件的输入数据或其它任何合法用处。 以下为参考文献 1MEMCZAK S,JENS M,ELEFSINIOTI A,et al.Circular RNAs are a large class
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