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1、新托福浏览加试:玛雅文明的衰落新托福浏览加试:玛雅文明的衰落新托福浏览考试有哪些值得关注的内容呢?学习啦为大家带来新托福浏览题目:玛雅文明的衰落一文，更多精彩尽请关注学习啦!新托福浏览加试:玛雅文明的衰落托福浏览考试日期：2017年11月25日新托福浏览题目回忆：大致内容历史：玛雅文明的衰落，玛雅文明之前很发达，梯田灌溉很集中导致很脆弱，玛雅不是短期内灭亡的而是长时间灭亡的，有段时间很干旱。题目难度分析加试简单托福技巧：托福浏览否认排除题答题步骤及方法否认排除题(NegativeFactualInformationQuestions)是新托福每次必考题型，每次题量不是很多，通常每篇文章0-2个
2、左右。问题形式这种题型要求考生们根据文章明确陈述的信息，确定哪些信息是真实的，哪些信息是不真实的或者是原文所没有提及的。这种题目的提问方式通常为：Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofX?TheauthorsdescriptionofXmentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT等等(题目中要么出现大写的NOT，要么出现大写的EXCEPT)解题步骤1.看题目，判定题型2.读选项，划关键词(提高速度，先不直接回原文定位)3.读题干，带着关键词在文章中定位相关信息4.读原文相关信息并选出答案。注意：1.此种题型要求
3、考生回首更多的原文信息，由于三个在原文曾被提及的选项可能分布在一个段落或几个段落里。2.此题型的正确选项为：notmentionedinthepassageornottrueaccordingtothepassage3.解答完题目后，考生要检查本人的答案，以确保正确回答了这道题目。下面通过几个例子来示范这种题目的答题步骤及方法。Thefinalmajorhumancauseofdesertificationissoilsalinizationresultingfromover-irrigation.Excesswaterfromirrigationsinksdownintothewaterta
4、ble.Ifnodrainagesystemexists,thewatertablerises,bringingdissolvedsaltstothesurface.Thewaterevaporatesandthesaltsareleftbehind,creatingawhitecrustallayerthatpreventsairandwaterfromreachingtheunderlyingsoil.AllofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributingtodesertificationEXCEPTsoilerosionglobal
5、warminginsufficientirrigationtheraisingoflivestock解析：首先此题题干中出现标志性词“EXCEPT，因而我们断定此题为否认排除题;接下来读选项，而选项中均为词组，这些词组即为关键词;在原文定位，我们能够在第二段中定位到“Desertificationisaccomplishedprimarilythroughthelossofstabilizingnaturalvegetationandthesubsequentacceleratederosionofthesoilbywindandwater，因而，第一个选项排除;继续定位，在文章第四段我们能够
6、定位到“Insomeregions,theincreaseindesertisoccurringlargelyastheresultofatrendtowarddrierclimaticconditions.Continuedgradualglobalwarminghasproducedanincreaseinaridityforsomeareasoverthepastfewthousandyears.在第七段我们能够定位到“Theraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregases在第九段我们能够定位到“Th
7、efinalmajorhumancauseofdesertificationissoilsalinizationresultingfromover-irrigation.因而，第二选项和第四选项我们都能够排除掉，而第三选项和原文中内容相反，也就是“nottrueaccordingtothepassage，因而答案为第三选项。此题中被原文中提及的选项分布在几个段落里。Thecinemadidnotemergeasaformofmassconsumptionuntilitstechnologyevolvedfromtheinitial“peepshowformattothepointwhereim
8、ageswereprojectedonascreeninadarkenedtheater.Inthepeepshowformat,afilmwasviewedthroughasmallopeninginamachinethatwascreatedforthatpurpose.ThomasEdisonspeepshowdevice,theKinetoscope,wasintroducedtothepublicin1894.itwasdesignedforuseinKinetoscopeparlors,orarcades,whichcontainedonlyafewindividualmachin
9、esandpermittedonlyonecustomertoviewashort,50-footfilmatanyonetime.ThefirstKinetoscopeparlorscontainedfivemachines.Forthepriceof25cents(or5centspermachine),customersmovedfrommachinetomachinetowatchfivedifferentfilms(or,inthecaseoffamousprizefights,successiveroundsofasinglefight).Accordingtoparagraph1
10、,allofthefollowingweretrueofviewingfilmsinKinetoscopeparlorsEXCEPTOneindividualatatimeviewedafilmCustomerscouldviewonefilmafteranother.Prizefightswerethemostpopularsubjectsforfilm.Eachfilmwasshort.解析：首先此题题干中出现标志性词“EXCEPT，因而我们断定此题为否认排除题;接下来读选项划关键词，第一个选项信息都比拟关键，第二个选项我们能够划关键词为“onefilmafteranother，第三个选项
11、我们能够划关键词为“Prizefights和“mostpopularsubject，第四个选项我们能够划关键词为“short;在文章中定位，我们能够定位到信息“onlyonecustomertoviewashort,50-footfilmatanyonetime和“customersmovedfrommachinetomachinetowatchfivedifferentfilms(or,inthecaseoffamousprizefights,successiveroundsofasinglefight)，根据原文信息，我们能够排除第一个、第二个和第四个选项，而第三个选项文章中未提及，也就是
12、“notmentionedinthepassage，因而答案即为第三个选项。TheCognitiveApproach.Cognitivepsychologistsassertthatourbehaviorisinfluencedbyourvalues,bythewaysinwhichweinterpretoursituations,andbychoice.Forexample,peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifiedasduringwartimearelikelytoactaggressively,whereaspeoplewh
13、obelievethataparticularwaroractofaggressionisunjust,orwhothinkthataggressionisneverjustified,arelesslikelytobehaveaggressively.Onecognitivetheorysuggeststhataggravatingandpainfuleventstriggerunpleasantfeelings.Thesefeelings,inturn,canleadtoaggressiveaction,butnotautomatically.Cognitivefactorsinterve
14、ne.Peopledecidewhethertheywillactaggressivelyornotonthebasisoffactorssuchastheirexperiencewithaggressionandtheirinterpretationofotherpeoplesmotives.Supportingevidencecomesfromresearchshowingthataggressivepeopleoftendistortotherpeoplesmotives.Forexample,theyassumethatotherpeoplemeanthemharmwhentheydo
15、not.Accordingtothecognitiveapproachdescribedinparagraph7and8,allofthefollowingmayinfluencethedecisionwhethertoactaggressivelyEXCEPTapersonsmoralvaluespreviousexperienceswithaggressioninstincttoavoidaggressionbeliefsaboutotherpeoplesintensions解析：首先此题题干中出现标志性词“EXCEPT，因而我们断定此题为否认排除题;接下来读选项划关键词，而选项中均为词组
16、，这些词组即为关键词;在原文定位，我们能够定位到信息“Cognitivepsychologistsassertthatourbehaviorisinfluencedbyourvalues和“theirexperiencewithaggressionandtheirinterpretationofotherpeoplesmotives，根据文章中提及的信息，我们能够排除第一个、第二个和第四个选项，而第三个选项文章中未提及，也就是“notmentionedinthepassage，因而答案即为第三个选项。托福技巧：托福浏览大范围考察题的“玄机托福浏览考试出题，很多时候都会针对某个详细的段落，但是也
17、不乏有很多题目需要纵观全文或者是范围比拟广，这样题做起来就费时费力还不一定会准确。新托福浏览考试中绝大部分题目都是对应详细段落的，这会为考生节省很多时间。但是也不排除有少量题目的范围比拟大或比拟模糊，考生在寻找答案时难免一头雾水，费时费力。其实这些看似没有明确定位方向的题目都是暗藏玄机的。Windpowerhasasignificantcostadvantageovernuclearpowerandhasbecomecompetitivewithcoal-firedpowerplantsinmanyplaces.Withnewtechnologicaladvancesandmassproduc
18、tion,projectedcostdeclinesshouldmakewindpoweroneoftheworldscheapestwaystoproduceelectricity.Inthelongrun,electricityfromlargewindfarmsinremoteareasmightbeusedtomakehydrogengasfromwaterduringperiodswhenthereislessthanpeakdemandforelectricity.Thehydrogengascouldthenbefedintoastoragesystemandusedtogene
19、rateelectricitywhenadditionalorbackuppowerisneeded.Windpowerismosteconomicalinareaswithsteadywinds.Inareaswherethewinddiesdown,backupelectricityfromautilitycompanyorfromanenergystoragesystembecomesnecessary.Backuppowercouldalsobeprovidedbylinkingwindfarmswithasolarcell,withconventionalorpumped-stora
20、gehydropower,orwithefficientnatural-gas-burningturbines.Somedrawbackstowindfarmsincludevisualpollutionandnoise,althoughthesecanbeovercomebyimprovingtheirdesignandlocatingtheminisolatedareas.Basedontheinformationinparagraph3andparagraph4,whatcanbeinferredaboutthestatesofNorthDakota,SouthDakota,andTex
21、asmentionedattheendofparagraph1?A.Theyrelylargelyoncoal-firedpowerplants.B.Theycontainremoteareaswherethewindsrarelydiedown.C.Over1percentoftheelectricityinthesestatesisproducedbywindfarms.D.WindfarmsinthesestatesarebeingexpandedtomeetthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStates.这个题目的题干预及到三个段落，而事实上考生根本不需要去看第一段的内容
22、，由于答案根据的是第三、四段的信息，但是这两个段落假如都看的话内容也不少，从应试的角度来讲太费时间。正确的做法应该是从选项中挖掘一下方向。A项里大家一般都会选择有连字符的coal-fired作为关键词去定位，B项没有比拟显眼的词就只能选名词短语remoteareas，C项选1percent，D项选theUnitedStates。选完关键词我们不难发现除了B项不大好定位以外，其他三个选项的关键词都很夺目。经过定位，A项应该去比对第3段的第一句话，意思明显矛盾;B项不好找，能够暂且跳过;C项和D项的关键词在这两段都找不到，这就属于新托福浏览中推理题的错误答案设计方法之一无中生有。所以固然我们没有去验证B项的讲法能否正确，但经过排除也只能选B了。这样的做题方法就会省时省力，且答案也是正确的。上面针对托福浏览题型中大范围考察题型的解法，已经给大家做了分析，希望对考生有所启示。要做好题就要多考虑和总结，希望考生们要认真对待，好好备考，加油!新托福浏览加试:玛雅文明的衰落