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1、有机农产品供应链的激励机制设计研究,物流工程硕士论文摘 要 有机农业作为一种新型农业生产方式，近些年在我们国家发展尤为迅速，遭到消费者的青睐。有机农产品是根据有机农业原则和有机农产品生产方式及标准生产、加工出来的，并通过有机食品认证机构认证的农产品。近些年来，我们国家有机农产品市场规模迅速扩大，有机农场的种植面积和有机农产品的产量也逐年增长。但是有机农业在快速发展的经过中也面临着严峻的问题和挑战，尤其是随着近些年互联网的发展和社区团购的兴起，有机农产品和普通农产品的竞争日趋剧烈,诸多有机农场呈现出大幅亏损的状态，消费者对有机农产品“叫好不叫座 的现象大面积存在。怎样在有机农产品和普通农产品共同
2、竞争的前提下设计有机农产品供给链的鼓励机制，进一步推动有机农业发展，已经成为能否持续推动我们国家有机农产品产业健康可持续发展的首要问题。 本文通过分析有机农产品供给链的现实情形，构建数理模型化来讨论有机农产品和普通农产品之间的鼓励竞争，并进一步分析鼓励机制对有机农产品供给链运作的影响。 首先，缺乏相关鼓励机制时，有机农产品并没有在市场上构成很大市场，普通农产品在市场仍占据主导地位，有机农场和有机精品超市也并不常见。然后，在存在消费者社会责任意识的情形下，对有机农产品进行进一步的宣传与引导，对有机农业的发展推出一系列相关鼓励政策，有机农业迎来快速发展，有机农产品的市场规模进一步扩大。最后，有机农
3、产品和普通农产品在市场中竞争愈发剧烈，有机农产品的不同竞争策略对有机农产品供给链有着重要影响，同时对有机农业的鼓励机制也日趋多样化，包括对消费者宣传引导，对农户的补贴等等，那么不同的鼓励机制将会对有机农产品供给链产生如何的影响？有机农产品和普通农产品的竞争在不同鼓励机制下又有何变化？ 随着有机农业发展，有机农产品市场规模的逐步扩大，单一有机农产品将很难知足消费者日趋多样化、差异化的需求，越来越多的有机农场和有机精品超市将会出现，有机农场在和普通农场的竞争又将发生如何的变化？在消费者社会责任意识的鼓励和补贴的鼓励下，有机农产品供给链的运作又将发生如何的变化？本文通过对以上问题进行研究分析，得出下
4、面主要结论： 1在缺乏鼓励机制的情形下，当有机农产品和普通农产品都通过同一普通超市销售时，两种农产品的批发价相对较低，零售价相对较高，而当有机农产品通过有机精品超市单独销售时，两种农产品的批发价相对较高，零售价相对较低；与有机农产品和普通农产品都通过同一普通超市销售时相比，有机农产品通过有机精品超市单独销售时，有机农场和普通农场的利润较高，零售端的利润较低。 2在存在消费者社会责任意识的情形下，消费者的社会责任意识和有机农产品的批发价、零售价成正比，且有机农产品的批发价与零售价之间的价格差会随着消费者社会责任意识的提升而扩大；消费者的社会责任意识和普通农产品的批发价、零售价成反比，且普通农产品
5、的零售价与批发价之间的价格差会随着消费者社会责任意识提升而减少；有机农产品的需求和消费者的社会责任意识成正比，而普通农产品的需求和消费者的社会责任意识成反比；有机农场的利润和消费者的社会意识成正比，普通农场的利润和消费者社会责任意识成反比，且两者的利润差在消费者的社会责任意识大于某一阈值后会逐步拉大。 3在存在补贴的情形下，单位有机农产品补贴和有机农产品的批发价、零售价成反比，且有机农产品的批发价与零售价之间的价格差会随着单位有机农产品补贴力度的加大而扩大；单位有机农产品补贴和普通农产品的批发价、零售价成反比，但是两者的价格差在不同的销售策略下呈现出来的趋势不同，当有机农产品和普通农产品在同一
6、普通超市销售时，普通农产品的批发价与零售价之间的价格差会随着单位有机农产品补贴力度的加大而扩大，而当有机农产品通过有机精品超市独立销售时，普通农产品的批发价和零售价之间的价格差会随着单位有机农产品补贴力度的加大先减小，而当补贴力度大于某一阈值时，两者价格差再扩大；本文研究结论表示清楚，有机农产品和普通农产品的竞争鼓励，各介入主体在有机农业不同发展阶段应制定相应的运营策略，有机农场可根据现实情况来选择适宜的销售形式。 及相关平台也应该认真履行监督职责，完善相关法律法规，加大对有机农产品造假的惩罚力度，加强对真正发展有机农业的相关农户的补贴力度，建立绿色新型农业标准，加强对有机农产品的宣传引导。对
7、消费者而言，在对有机农产品的大力宣传引导下以及相关政策的出台下，消费者需提高本身的社会责任意识，履行社会责任，利用本身资源帮助有机农产品进行日常宣传，加强消费者与有机农场的利益联合机制，同时消费者能够自发组织绿色消费联盟，提高有机农产品的市场活泼踊跃度，进一步拓展有机农产品市场，加强消费者在市场中的价格会谈能力，维护消费者利益。 本文关键词语 ： 农产品供给链；鼓励机制；竞争策略；社会责任意识；补贴。 Abstract As a new type of agricultural production mode, organic agriculture has developed rapidly
8、in China in recent years and is favored by consumers. Organic agricultural products areproduced and processed according to the principles of organic agriculture and the productionmethods and standards of organic agricultural products, and are certified by the organic foodcertification agency. In rec
9、ent years, the market scale of organic agricultural products in Chinahas expanded rapidly, and the planting area of organic farm and the output of organicagricultural products have also increased year by year. However, organic agriculture is alsofacing severe problems and challenges in the process o
10、f rapid development, especially with thedevelopment of the Internet and the rise of community group buying in recent years, thecompetition between organic agricultural products and ordinary agricultural products isbecoming increasingly fierce, many organic farms are showing a state of substantial lo
11、ss, andthe phenomenon of good but not good for organic agricultural products exists in a large area. How to design the incentive mechanism of organic agricultural products supply chain under thepremise of common competition between organic agricultural products and ordinaryagricultural products, and
12、 further promote the development of organic agriculture, has becomethe primary problem of sustainable development of China s organic agricultural productsindustry. This paper analyzes the reality of organic agricultural products supply chain, constructsmathematical model to explore the incentive com
13、petition between organic agricultural productsand ordinary agricultural products, and further analyzes the impact of incentive mechanism onthe operation of organic agricultural products supply chain. First of all, when there is no relevantincentive mechanism, organic agricultural products do not for
14、m a large market in the market,ordinary agricultural products still occupy a dominant position in the market, and organic farmsand organic supermarkets are not common. Then, in the case of consumers social responsibilityconsciousness, the government carries out further publicity and guidance on orga
15、nicagricultural products, and the government puts forward a series of relevant incentive policiesfor the development of organic agriculture. Organic agriculture ushers in rapid development,and the market scale of organic agricultural products is further expanded. Finally, thecompetition between orga
16、nic agricultural products and ordinary agricultural products isbecoming more and more fierce in the market. The different competition strategies of organicagricultural products have an important impact on the supply chain of organic agriculturalproducts. At the same time, the government s incentive
17、mechanism for organic agriculture isbecoming more and more diversified, including publicity and guidance for consumers,subsidies for farmers and so on, How will different incentive mechanisms affect the supply chain of organic agricultural products? What are the changes of competition between organi
18、cagricultural products and ordinary agricultural products under different incentive mechanisms? With the development of organic agriculture and the gradual expansion of the market scale oforganic agricultural products, it will be difficult for a single organic agricultural product to meetthe increas
19、ingly diversified and differentiated needs of consumers. More and more organicfarms and organic boutique supermarkets will appear. What will happen to the competitionbetween organic farms and ordinary farms? How will the operation of organic agriculturalproducts supply chain change under the incenti
20、ve of consumers social responsibility andgovernment subsidies? Based on the analysis of the above problems, the main conclusions areas follows(1) In the absence of incentive mechanism, when both organic agricultural products andordinary agricultural products are sold through the same general superma
21、rket, the wholesaleprice of the two kinds of agricultural products is relatively low and the retail price is relativelyhigh. When organic agricultural products are sold through the organic boutique supermarketalone, the wholesale price of the two kinds of agricultural products is relatively high and
22、 theretail price is relatively low; Compared with the sales of organic agricultural products andordinary agricultural products through the same ordinary supermarket, the profits of organicfarm and ordinary farm are higher, while the profits of retail end are lower when organicagricultural products a
23、re sold through the organic supermarket alone. (2) In the case of consumers social responsibility consciousness, consumers socialresponsibility consciousness is directly proportional to the wholesale price and retail price oforganic agricultural products, and the price difference between the wholesa
24、le price and retailprice of organic agricultural products will expand with the improvement of consumers socialresponsibility consciousness; Consumers sense of social responsibility is inverselyproportional to the wholesale price and retail price of ordinary agricultural products, and theprice differ
25、ence between retail price and wholesale price of ordinary agricultural products willdecrease with the improvement of consumers sense of social responsibility; The demand fororganic agricultural products is directly proportional to the social responsibility consciousnessof consumers, while the demand
26、 for ordinary agricultural products is inversely proportional tothe social responsibility consciousness of consumers; The profit of organic farm is directlyproportional to the social consciousness of consumers, while the profit of ordinary farm isinversely proportional to the social responsibility c
27、onsciousness of consumers, and the profitdifference between the two will gradually widen when the social responsibility consciousnessof consumers is greater than a certain threshold. (3) In the case of government subsidies, the government subsidies for organic agriculturalproducts are inversely prop
28、ortional to the wholesale and retail prices of organic agriculturalproducts, and the price difference between the wholesale and retail prices of organic agricultural products will expand with the increase of government subsidies for organic agriculturalproducts; The government subsidies for organic
29、agricultural products are inversely proportionalto the wholesale price and retail price of ordinary agricultural products, but the trend of theprice difference between the two is different under different marketing strategies, The pricedifference between wholesale price and retail price of ordinary
30、agricultural products willexpand with the increase of government subsidies for organic agricultural products. Whenorganic agricultural products are sold independently through organic supermarket, the pricedifference between wholesale price and retail price of ordinary agricultural products will firs
31、tdecrease with the increase of government subsidies for organic agricultural products, When thesubsidy is greater than a certain threshold, the price difference between the two increases; Theconclusion of this study shows that, in order to promote the competition between organicagricultural products
32、 and ordinary agricultural products, all participants should formulatecorresponding operation strategies in different development stages of organic agriculture, andorganic farms can choose the appropriate sales mode according to the actual situation. Thegovernment and relevant platforms should also
33、conscientiously perform their supervision duties,improve relevant laws and regulations, increase the punishment for the fraud of organicagricultural products, strengthen the subsidies for farmers who really develop organicagriculture, establish new green agricultural standards, and strengthen the pu
34、blicity andguidance of organic agricultural products. For consumers, under the guidance of thegovernment s vigorous publicity of organic agricultural products and the introduction ofrelevant policies, consumers need to improve their awareness of social responsibility, fulfilltheir social responsibil
35、ity, use their own resources to help organic agricultural products carryout daily publicity, strengthen the interest connection mechanism between consumers andorganic farms, and at the same time, consumers can spontaneously organize green consumptionalliance, We should increase the market activity o
36、f organic agricultural products, further expandthe market of organic agricultural products, enhance consumers ability of price negotiation inthe market, and safeguard consumers interests. Keywords : Agricultural Products Supply Chain; Incentive Mechanism; CompetitiveStrategy; Social Responsibility C
37、onsciousness; Government Subsidies。 文章为硕士论文，如需全文请点击底部下载全文链接】 1.1.2、研究意义 1.2、国内外研究现在状况. 1.2.1、农产品供给链的运作研究 1.2.2、渠道竞争的策略研究 1.2.3、供给链管理中的鼓励机制研究 1.2.4、扼要评论. 1.3、研究方式方法与技术道路. 1.3.1、研究方式方法, 1.3.2、技术道路. 1.4、研究内容与创新点. 1.4.1、研究内容 1.4.2、创新 第二章 相关理论与方式方法概述 2.1、主从博弈理论相关概述， 2.2、农产品供给链相关概念 2.2.1、农产晶供给链的界定及特征 2.2.
38、2、农产品供给链的运作形式 2.3、供给链鼓励相关理论. 2.3.1、契约理论 2.3.2、鼓励理论. 第三章 缺乏鼓励机制的有机农产品供给链运作机制研究 3.1、问题描绘叙述 3.2、模型构建与分 3.2.1、有机农产品通过普通超市销售. 3.2.2、有机农产品通过有机精品超市销售 3.3、数值仿真与结果分析. 3.4、本章小结， 第四章 考虑消费者社会责任意识的有机农产品供给链运作机制研究 4.1、问题描绘叙述 4.2、模型构建与分析. 4.2.1、有机农产品通过普通超市销售. 4.2.2、有机农产品通过有机精品超市销售 4.3、数值仿真与结果分析. 4.4、本章小结 第五章 考虑补贴的有
39、机农产品供给链运作机制研究 5.1、问题描绘叙述 5.2、模型构建与分析. 5.2.1、有机农产品通过普通超市销售 5.2.2、有机农产品通过有机精品超市销售 5.3、数值仿真与结果分析， 5.4、本章小结 第六章 主要结论 近年来，新型有机农业在我们国家发展迅速，有机农产品在市场中越来越遭到消费者青睐。然而由于有机农产品供给链运作的复杂性和不同类型农产品在市场竞争的剧烈性，有机农业在发展经过中碰到一系列的问题与挑战。当前，对有机农产品供给链的研究也多以实证分析为主，且该方面文献总体偏少，引入鼓励机制的有机农产品供给链运作机制尚不明确。因而，深切进入研究讨论引入鼓励机制的有机农产品供给链运作机
40、制并比拟不同鼓励机制的优化策略，能够为有机农产品供给链平稳发展提供愈加有效的理论指导与建议。 本文综合运用斯塔克尔伯格博弈，鼓励理论、行为理论和数值仿真等方式方法，对引入鼓励机制的有机农产品供给链运作机制、不同类型农产品在市场中的竞争渠道展开分析与研究，充分考虑不同鼓励机制对有机农产品供给链和不同类型农产品竞争策略的影响。 研究得到下面重要管理启示： 1在缺乏相关鼓励机制的情形下。当有机农产品和普通农产品都通过普通超市销售时，两种农产品的批发价都会低于有机农产品通过精品有机超市单独销售时的批发价，但是两种农产品的零售价却要高于有机农产品通过精品有机超市单独销售时两种农产品的零售价；此时，有机农
41、场和普通农场利润较低，而当有机农产品通过精品有机超市单独销售，有机农场和普通农场利润较高；有机农产品和普通农产品都通过普通超市售卖时零售端的利润要大于有机农产品通过有机精品超市单独销售时零售端的利润。 2在存在消费者社会责任意识的情形下。消费者的社会责任意识和有机农产品的批发价与零售价都会成正相关，且有机农产品的批发价与零售价之间的价格差会随着消费者社会责任意识的提升而扩大；消费者的社会责任意识和普通农产品的批发价与零售价都成负相关，且普通农产品的零售价与批发价之间的价格差会随着消费者社会责任意识提升而减少；普通农产品的需求和消费者的社会责任意识成反比，而有机农产品的需求和消费者的社会责任意识
42、成正比；有机农场的利润和消费者的社会意识成正比，普通农场的利润和消费者社会责任意识成反比，且两者的利润差在消费者的社会责任意识大于某一阈值后会逐步拉大。 3在存在补贴的情形下。单位有机农产品补贴和有机农产品的批发价、零售价都成反比，且有机农产品的批发价与零售价之间的价格差会随着单位有机农产品补贴力度的加大而扩大；单位有机农产品补贴和普通农产品的批发价、零售价都成反比，但是两者的价格差在不同的策略下呈现出的趋势不同，在 RR 策略下普通农产品的批发价与零售价之间的价格差会随着单位有机农产品补贴力度的加大先减小，而当补贴力度大于某一阈值时，两者价格差再扩大，而在 R策略下普通农产品的批发价与零售价
43、之间的价格差会随着单位有机农产品补贴力度的加大而扩大；普通农产品的需求和单位有机农产品补贴成反比，而有机农产品的需求和单位有机农产品补贴成正比。有机农场的利润和单位有机农产品补贴成正比，而普通农场的利润和单位有机农产品补贴则呈现出不同的趋势，在 RR 策略下，普通农场的利润和单位有机农产品补贴力度成反比；R策略下，普通农场的利润会随着单位有机农产品补贴力度的加大先减少，而当补贴力度大于某一阈值则会上升。 随着有机农业的不断发展，有机农产品的市场也出现不同的新业态：订单农业形式、有机精品超市形式、平台连接形式，各形式的供给链成员都需要对各介入主体在有机农业不同发展阶段应制定相应运营策略，有机农场
44、可根据现实情况来选择适宜的销售策略，有机农产品供给链需要借助互联网、大数据等技术手段，提高有机农产品供给链运作的高效性、市场需求的准确性，通过大数据做到有机农产品的可追溯性，保证有机农产品的有机属性，让群众消费者对有机农产品有更全面的了解和更充分的信任。及相关平台也应该认真履行监督职责，完善相关法律法规，加大对有机农产品造假的惩罚力度，加强对真正发展有机农业的相关农户的补贴力度，建立绿色新型农业标准，加强对有机农产品的宣传引导。对消费者而言，在对有机农产品的大力宣传引导下以及相关政策的出台下，消费者需提高本身的社会责任意识，履行社会责任，利用本身资源帮助有机农产品进行日常宣传，加强消费者与有机
45、农场的利益联合机制，实现消费者与有机农场的进一步衔接，让有机农产品消费者合理共享有机农产品本身特征，同时消费者能够自发组织绿色消费联盟，提高有机农产品的市场活泼踊跃度，进一步拓展有机农产品市场，加强消费者在市场中的价格会谈能力，维护消费者利益。 本文上述结论能够对基于鼓励机制的有机农产品供给链起到理论指导作用，促进各供给链成员协调合作，实现合作共赢，为有机农业的健康持续发展提供政策建议。 以下为参考文献 1 卫岗乳业现“奶农倒奶 原奶过剩引利益之争? N. 中国经营报, 2021-02. 2 中国经济网.超过4亿人中国拥有全球规模最大中等收入群体EB/OL.2022-01-21，. 3“十三五
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