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1、 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityThe SAE AADL Standard:An Architecture Analysis&Design Language for Developing EmbeddedReal-Time SystemsBruce LewisChair,SAE AS-2C SubcommitteeArmy AMCOM SEDbruce.a.lewisus.army.mil256-876-3224Peter FeilerTechnical lead,editorSoftware Engineering Institutephfsei.cmu
2、.edu412-268-7790 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityTutorial ObjectivesProvide an overview of the SAE AADL StandardIntroduce architecture-based development conceptsProvide a summary of AADL capabilitiesGive an overview of AADL tools2AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityOutline
3、:An Introduction&OverviewOverview of SAE AADL StandardModel-Based Architecture-Driven System Engineering AADL-Based Development EnvironmentCase Studies AADL Language ConceptsOpen Source AADL Tool EnvironmentSummary3AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversitySAE Architecture Analysi
4、s&Design Language(AADL)Specification ofReal-timeEmbeddedFault-tolerantSecurely partitionedDynamically configurableSoftware task and communication architecturesBound toDistributed multiple processor hardware architecturesFields of applicationAvionics,Automotive,Aerospace,Autonomous systems,4AADL Tuto
5、rialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityAn SAE StandardSponsored bySAE InternationalAvionics Systems Division(ASD)Embedded Systems(AS2)AADL Subcommittee(AS-2C)ContactBruce Lewis AS-2C chair,bruce.a.lewisus.army.milhttp:/www.aadl.infoFor Information email to infoaadl.info5AADL TutorialAAD
6、L Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityAS-2C ADL SubcommitteeBruce Lewis(AMCOM):Chair,technology userPeter Feiler(SEI):Secretary,main author,editor,technology userSteve Vestal(Honeywell):MetaH originator,co-authorEd Colbert(USC):AADL&UML MappingJoyce Tokar(Pyrrhus Software):Ada&C AnnexMembersB
7、oeing,Rockwell,Honeywell,Lockheed Martin,Raytheon,Smith Industries,Airbus,Axlog,Dassault,EADS,High Integrity SolutionsNAVAir,Open Systems JTF,British MOD,US ArmyEuropean Space AgencyCoordination with NATO Aviation,NATO Plug and Play,COTRE,OMG-UML,SAE AS-16AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie
8、Mellon UniversityPotential UsersAirbusESA Rockwell CollinsLockheed MartinSmith IndustriesRaytheonBoeing Common MissileSystem Plug and PlayApply AADL for systems integration modeling&analysisModeling of Satellite Systems,Architecture Verification-ASSERTModeling of Avionics Software SystemNew System E
9、ngineering Approach COTRE incorporates AADLEmbedded System Engineering&AADLNATO/SAE AS1 Weapon System IntegrationEmbedded System Engineering&AADL7AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityAADL StatusRequirements document SAE ARD 5296Input from aerospace industryBalloted and approv
10、ed in 2000SAE AADL document SAE AS 5506Core language approved by committee July 2004In review to be balloted Fall 2004Graphical AADL notationUML profile of AADL for UML1.4 and UML 2.0XMI domain model,XML schema Ada and C AnnexIn developmentError Model AnnexARINC 653 Annex8AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial
11、2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityMetaH:Proof of Concepts for AADL1991 DARPA DSSA program begins1992 Partitioned PFP target(Tartan MAR/i960MC)1994 Multi-processor target (VME i960MC)1995 Slack stealing scheduler1998 Portable Ada 95 and POSIX middleware configurations1998 Extensibility through MetaH-
12、ACME Mapping1998 Reliability modeling extension1999 Hybrid automata verification of core middleware modulesNumerous evaluation and demonstration projects,e.g.Missile G&C reference architecture,demos,others(AMCOM SED)Hybrid automata formal verification(AFOSR,Honeywell)Missile defense(Boeing)Fighter g
13、uidance SW fault tolerance(DARPA,CMU,Lockheed-Martin)Incremental Upgrade of Legacy Systems(AFRL,Boeing,Honeywell)Comanche study(AMCOM,Comanche PO,Boeing,Honeywell)Tactical Mobile Robotics(DARPA,Honeywell,Georgia Tech)Advanced Intercept Technology CWE(BMDO,MaxTech)Adaptive Computer Systems(DARPA,Hone
14、ywell)Avionics System Performance Management(AFRL,Honeywell)Ada Software Integrated Development/Verification(AFRL,Honeywell)FMS reference architecture(Honeywell)JSF vehicle control(Honeywell)IFMU reengineering(Honeywell)9AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityUML ProfileAADL in
15、 ContextResearch ADLsMetaHReal-time,modal,system familyAnalysis&generationRMA based schedulingRapide,Wright,.Behavioral validationADL InterchangeACMEIndustrial StrengthUML 1.4,2.0HOOD/STOODSDLAADLExtensibleReal-timeDependableBasisInfluenceAlignmentEnhancementAirbus&ESAExtensionDARPA Funded Research
16、since 199010AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityAADL/UML RelationshipUML 2.0UML-RTPerformanceTimelinessUML 1.4Detailed designAADLCoreDependabilitySecurityAADL AnnexesUML Working GroupsAADLUML ProfileAADL AnnexesUML Working GroupsEmbedded Software SystemEngineeringSystem Engi
17、neeringSysMLTo Be submitted to OMG for Adoption11AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityOutline:An Introduction&OverviewOverview of SAE AADL StandardModel-Based Architecture-Driven System Engineering AADL-Based Development EnvironmentCase Studies AADL Language ConceptsOpen Sour
18、ce AADL Tool EnvironmentSummary12AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityTypical Software Development ProcessRequirements AnalysisDesignImplementationIntegration manual,paper intensive,error prone,resistant to change13AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon University
19、Real Time Systems Development ConcernsIncomplete capture of specification and design Little insight into non-functional system properties until system integration&testPerformance(e.g.,Throughput,Quality of Service)Safety -ReliabilityTime Critical -SecuritySchedulability -Fault Tolerance System Integ
20、ration-high riskEvolvability very expensiveLife Cycle Support very expensiveLeads to rapidly Outdated Components14AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityModel-Based System EngineeringRequirementsAnalysisDesign,Analysis and ImplementationSystem Integration Predictable System Rap
21、id Integration UpgradeabilityArchitecture Analysis Early In Life Cycle Model-Based&Architecture-Driven15AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityAmbulatoryInformationFusionSupply ChainMechanizedSensor&SignalProcessingSystem Construction AADL Runtime System Application Software In
22、tegrationDevicesMemoryBusProcessorAADL-Based System EngineeringAutomaticTargetRecognitionGuidance&ControlSystem Analysis Schedulability Performance Reliability Fault Tolerance Dynamic ConfigurabilityModel the ArchitectureAbstract,but PreciseHTTPSDBGPSAda RuntimeExecution Platform.Application Softwar
23、eSoftwareSystemEngineerApplication Developer16AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityFocus Of SAE AADLComponent ViewModel of system composition&hierarchyWell-defined component interfacesConcurrency&Interaction ViewTime ordering of data,messages,and eventsDynamic operational beh
24、avior Explicit interaction paths&protocolsExecution viewExecution platform as resourcesBinding of application softwareSpecification&analysis of runtime propertiestimeliness,throughput,reliability,graceful degradation,17AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityWhat Is Involved In
25、Using The AADL?Specify software&hardware system architecturesSpecify component interfaces and implementation propertiesAnalyze system timing,reliability,partition isolation Tool-supported system integrationVerify source code compliance&middleware behaviorModel and analyze early and throughout produc
26、t life cycle18AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityPartitioning of Responsibilities:The Application EngineerApplication design perspectiveData content,flow and functional propertiesStream completeness characteristicsPhase delay&timelinessSoftware ComponentSoftware ComponentSo
27、ftwareComponentAADL Runtime ExecutiveExecutive code generated from AADLReal-time OS APIApplication implementation perspectivePorts accessible as variablesPort variable values not overwritten during executionControl flow via events&messagesInitialize,activate,deactivate,compute,recover,finalize entry
28、points19AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityPartitioning of Responsibilities:The Software System EngineerSoftware ComponentSoftware ComponentSoftwareComponentAADL Runtime SystemExecutive code generated from AADLTask&Communication PerspectiveTask dispatch&deadlinesTimely&dete
29、rministic communicationDynamic reconfigurationReal-time OS APIRuntime System perspectiveRate groups,priorities&dispatch orderCoordinated dispatch&communicationDouble buffering where necessaryShared variables where appropriate20AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityA Partitione
30、d Portable Architecture Strong Partitioning Timing Protection OS Call Restrictions Memory ProtectionInteroperability/Portability Tailored Runtime Executive Standard RTOS API Application ComponentsReal-Time Operating SystemApplication Software ComponentEmbedded Hardware TargetAADL Runtime SystemAppli
31、cation Software ComponentApplication Software ComponentApplication Software Component21AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityPredictable System IntegrationRequirements,predicted,and actual propertiesApplication components designed against functional and non-functional properti
32、esApplication code separated from task dispatch&communication codeConsistency between task&communication model and implementation through generationFeedback into model parameters:refinement of estimated performance values22AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityOutline:An Intro
33、duction&OverviewOverview of SAE AADL StandardModel-Based Architecture-Driven System Engineering AADL-Based Development EnvironmentCase Studies AADL Language ConceptsOpen Source AADL Tool EnvironmentSummary23AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityAn XML-Based AADL Tool StrategyD
34、eclarative AADL XMLTextualAADLGraphicalAADLEditorSchedulingAnalysisReliabilityAnalysisFilter to MarkovAnalysisAADL InstanceXMLCommercialTool likeTimeWizExecution Platform BindingSafetyAnalysisProject-SpecificIn-HouseAADL RuntimeGeneratorGraphical Layout XMLSemantic Checking24AADL TutorialAADL Tutori
35、al 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityTwo-Tier StrategyOpen Source AADL Tool Environment(OSATE)Low entry cost solutionMulti-platform based on EclipseExtensible prototyping environmentResearch platform or commercial sales of plug-ins.Commercial Tool SupportUML tool environment extension based on UML p
36、rofileExtension to existing modeling environment with AADL XML export/import(e.g.,TNI extensions to HOOD)Analysis tools interfacing via XML or XML to native filter(e.g.,TimeWiz)Runtime system generation tools via XML(e.g.,TTTech TTA,MetaH,TimeWeaver)25AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mell
37、on UniversityOutline:An Introduction&OverviewOverview of SAE AADL StandardModel-Based Architecture-Driven System Engineering AADL-Based Development EnvironmentCase Studies AADL Language ConceptsOpen Source AADL Tool EnvironmentSummary27AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityTwo
38、 Case StudiesPattern-based analysis of systemic issues Modernized avionics system architectureChange in real-time architecture concepts Full-scale analysis&integrationPort of missile guidance systemTool-supported analysis&generation28AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityMetaH
39、 Case Study at AMCOM Missile Application reengineered Missile on-board software and 6DOF environment simulation executing on dual i80960MC,Tartan Ada,VME BoardsBuilt to Generic Missile Reference ArchitectureSpecified in MetaH,12 to 16 concurrent processesMetaH reduced total re-engineering cost 40%on
40、 first project it was used on.Missile prime estimated savings at 66%.Missile Application ported to a new execution environment multiple ports to single and dual processor implementationsnew processors(Pentium and PowerPC),compilers,O/Sfirst time executable,flew correctly on each target environmentpo
41、rts took a few weeks rather than 10 months.30AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityAMCOM Effort Saved Using MetaHReview3-DOFTrans-late6-DOFRT-6DOFTrans-formTest6DOFRT-MissileBuildDebugDebugRe-targetMetaHCurrentTraditionalApproachUsingMetaH010002000300040005000600070008000Man H
42、oursTotal project savings 50%,re-target savings 90%Benefit During Application RewriteBenefit During Platform Retarget31AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityOutline:An Introduction&OverviewOverview of SAE AADL StandardModel-Based Architecture-Driven System Engineering AADL-Bas
43、ed Development EnvironmentCase Studies AADL Language ConceptsComponentsComponent interaction&flowsFaults&modesLarge-scale development&extensionsOpen Source AADL Tool EnvironmentSummary32AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityAADL:The LanguageComponents with precise semanticsSub
44、program,data,thread,process,system,processor,device,memory,busCompletely defined interfaces&interactionsData&event flow,synchronous call/return,shared accessEnd-to-End flow specificationsReal-time Task SchedulingSupports different scheduling protocols incl.GRMA,EDFDefines scheduling properties and e
45、xecution semanticsModal,configurable systemsModes to model transition between statically known states&configurationsComponent evolution&large scale development supportAADL language extensibility33AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityComponent-Based Architecture Specifies a we
46、ll-formed interface All external interaction points defined as features Multiple implementations per component type Properties to specify component characteristics Components organized into system hierarchy Component interaction declarations must follow system hierarchy34AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2
47、004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversitySystem Typesystem GPSfeatures speed_data:in data port metric_speed arch:miss_rate=0.001 mps;geo_db:requires data access real_time_geoDB;s_control_data:out data port state_control;flows speed_control:flow path speed_data-s_control_dataproperties arch:redundancy=2 X;en
48、d GPS;35AADL TutorialAADL Tutorial 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversitySystem Implementation system implementation GPS.securesubcomponents decoder:system PGP_decoder.basic;encoder:system PGP_encoder.basic;receiver:system GPS_receiver.basic;connections c1:data port speed_data-decoder.in;c2:data port de
49、coder.out-receiver.in;c3:data port receiver.out-encoder.in;c4:data port encoder.out-s_control_data;flows speed_control:flow path speed_data-c1-decoder.fs1 -c2-receiver.fs1-c3-decoder.fs1 -c4-s_control_data;modes none;properties arch:redundancy_scheme=Primary_Backup;end GPS;36AADL TutorialAADL Tutori
50、al 2004 by Carnegie Mellon UniversityApplication ComponentsSystem:hierarchical organization of componentsProcess:protected virtual address spaceThread group:organization of threads in processesThread:a schedulable unit of concurrent executionData:potentially sharable dataSubprogram:Callable unit of