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1、Historical contextnHenry VII founded the Tudor dynasty nthe enclosure movement,the commercial expansion and the war with SpainnIn religion,the far-reaching movement of Reformation began in England during Henry VIIIs reign.He declared the break with the Roman Catholic Church and confiscated the prope
2、rty of the Church.Protestantism began to gain ground among the English people.Renaissance:The DefinitionnThe rise of the bourgeoisie showed its influence in cultural life.The result is an intellectual movement known as the Renaissance,or the rebirth of literature.Renaissance sprang in Italy and spre
3、ad to France,Germany,the Low Countries,and lastly to England.Two features are striking of this movement.One is the thirst for classical literature,the other is the rise of Humanism.HumanismnHumanism was the keynote of the Renaissance.People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a
4、 future world.They began to admire human beauty and human achievement.Man is no longer the slave of the external world.He can mould the world according to his desires,and attain happiness by removing all external checks.Renaissance PoetrynEnglish Renaissance witness the flourishing of poetry.England
5、 produced so many poets that it was labeled“a nest of singing birds”.nThomas Wyatt introduced SONNET and Henry Howard,Earl of Surrey introduced blank verse into English poetry.Drama:Its Origin and Development nThe miracle plays were simple plays based upon the Bible or the lives of saints.They were
6、played in churches at first.Then with the increasing numbers of actors and plays,the players went to the market places.nMorality plays focused on the conflict between good and evil through allegorical characters.They were too abstract.So Vice,a lively figure approximated the modern clown,was introdu
7、ced.nClassical-style comedy and tragedy was in the making in England.nThree unities(unity of time,place and action by Aristotle)Thomas MorenLand of nowherenDystopia(反乌托邦)Edmund SpensernEdmund Spenser and Philip Sidney are the two most important poets of the English Renaissance.nThey were labeled“cou
8、rt poets”because they were of noble birth.nSpenser was known as the Poets Poet by later generation.Edmund Spensers WorksnThe Shepherds Calender(1579)nHis 12 eclogues represent the 12 months of the year and discuss themes of love,religion,poetry and others.nThe Faerie Queene(1580)nHis masterpiece ded
9、icated to Queen ElizabethnAmoretti(1594)nHis best known sonnet sequence of loveThe Faerie QueenenSpenser plans 12 books,each one with a hero standing for the private virtues.nThe two main characters that serves as the unity of the book are Arthur&Gloriana.nRedcrosse Knight represents St.George/Holin
10、essnSir Guyon stands for TemperanceSpenserian StanzaSpenserian stanza is invented by Edmund Spenser,one of the most representative poets of English Renaissance.It is a stanza of 9 lines,with the first 8 lines in iambic pentameter and the 9th line in iambic hexameter(alexandrine),rhyming ababbcbcc.Ph
11、ilip Sidney 1554-1586nThy need is greater than mine.”Major worksnArcadianA prose romance filled with lyricsnAstrophel and StellanThe sonnet sequence that makes sonnet popular in EnglandnAn Apology for PoetrynThe earliest critical work in English literary history that advocates“to teach&to delight”.C
12、hristopher Marlowe(1564-1593)nMarlowe is the greatest playwright before Shakespeare and the most gifted of the University Wits.Marlowes PlaysnTamburline the GreatnDesire for powernThe Jew of MaltanDesire for wealthnDoctor FaustusnDesire for knowledgeDoctor FaustusnDoctor Faustus is taken from German
13、 legend.nHe turns to the Devils servant Mephistophilis.Mephis tells him to sell his soul to the Devil for 24 years.Marlowes Literary AchievementnIt is Marlowe who first made blank verse(unrhymed iambic pentameter)the principal instrument of English drama.nMarlowes dramatic achievement lies chiefly i
14、n his epical,and at times lyrical,verse.nHis work paved the way for the plays of the greatest English dramatist-ShakespeareBen JonsonJonson is chiefly remembered for his comedies,the best of which include Everyman in His Humor,Volpone,The Alchemist and Bartholomew Fair.Jonsons comedies are comedies of humors.Humor is a predominant peculiarity of a certain person,which determines his behavior,thoughts and manner of speech.After-class ReadingnSong to Celia