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1、现在完成时现在完成时主讲教师：主讲教师：初中英语初中英语 同学们好！今天我们介绍的英语语法知识是时态中的现在完成时。现在完成时是中考考纲要求的五种基本时态之一，要求同学们必须掌握并熟练运用。这种时态的动词变化，基本用法，时间状语，特殊结构等要点与其他四种时态相比要有一定的难度，希望同学们重视并且能够从下面的介绍中获得帮助。现在完成时的两种基本用法：现在完成时的两种基本用法：用法用法1.表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。(与一般过去时对比，一般过去时强调的是发生在过 去的动作而现在完成时强调的是现在的结果或影响。)用法用法2动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能 继续延续下去。
2、现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定式否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.例句：例句：1.I have cleaned my room.我已打扫了房间。2.He hasnt finished his homework.他还没完成作业。3.Have you read this novel?你看过这本小说吗？Yes,I have.是的，看过了。No,I havent.不，没看过。4.We have studied English for
3、two years.我们已经学了两年英语了。5.They havent seen each other since 1998.自从1998年他们就没再见过面。例句：例句：6.Has he gone to the library?他是去了图书馆吗？Yes,he has.是的，是去那里了。No,he hasnt.不，他没去那里。7.How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？(在上述句型中,我们可以看到在现在完成时中，用到了动词的一种新的形式-过去分词过去分词,有关过去分词的构成我们在下面给大家归纳一下。)过去分词的构成分为过去分词
4、的构成分为规则变化规则变化和和不规则变化不规则变化两种：两种：规则变化规则变化:a)一般情况下，在动词后直接加ed,如play-played，work-worked，water-watered,finish-finished等;b)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y 变成i 再加ed,carry-carried study-studied等;c)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed 如:stop-stopped，shop-shopped等。不规则变化：不规则变化：见不规则动词表不规则动词表 点击点击不规则动词表 练习练习1：写出下列动词的过去分词：put-hea
5、r-come-make-hurry-watch-swim-be-talk-want-study-stop-take-see-like-练习练习2:按要求改写下列句子:1)We have visited the museum.(改为一般疑问句)2)They have seen the film.(改为否定句)3)He has returned the book.(对划线部分提问)4)Jenny has already had her lunch.(改为一般疑问句并做否定回答)在熟悉了现在完成时的基本用法，基本句型以及过去分词的构成后，下面给同学们介绍一下现在完成时在运用时常出现的几种情况：现在完
6、成时的运用现在完成时的运用(1):1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already,yet,never,ever,before,just等连用。.a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。He has already left here.他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）My teachers havent had breakfast yet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you wr
7、itten to your parents yet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b）never 是否定词，表示是否定词，表示“从来没有从来没有”，而，而ever 表表示示“曾经曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall.我们从来没有去过长城。Have you ever been to Canada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？c）just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）和动词过去分词之间）He has just co
8、me back.他刚刚回来。They have just finished the work.他们刚刚完成那项工作。d）before 用于完成时，而用于完成时，而ago 用于过去时用于过去时He has started his work ten years before.他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。He started his work ten years ago.他是十年前开始他的工作的。现在完成时的运用现在完成时的运用(2):2在表示“用法2”时，现在完成时常和 for 或 since 引导的表示“一段时间”的短语或从句连用（例如：for a week,for many years,fo
9、r a long time/since 1978,since last year,since he came here）此时动词不可用瞬间动词，而必须用延续性动词。（下面我们与过去时对比，来说明这种用法）例如例如1：He bought a car six months ago.他六个月前买了一辆车。(与过去具体时间连用，表示过去的动作，故该句用的是一般过去时)He has already bought a car.他已经买了一辆车。(说明现在他有车的事实)He has had a car for six months.他买车已经半年了。(此句与for six months即“一段时间”连用，而
10、瞬间性动词buy不可延续，故要说明动作的延续性，须把buy换成持续性动词have)例如例如2:I borrowed a book last week.上周我借了一本书。(说明过去的动作，与过去具体时间连用)I have borrowed the book.我已经借了那本书了。(说明现在书在我这里的事实)I have kept the book for a week.我已经借那本书一周了。(与for a week即“一段时间”连用，用持续性动词keep替换瞬间性动词borrow。)例如例如3：He taught in this school in 2000.(说明过去的动作，与过去具体时间连用)
11、He has taught in this school since he came here.自从他来这里就一直在这里教书.(teach 本身是持续性动词,无须用其他词替换)在英语中，一些瞬间性动词在用于现在完成时的“用法2”时，应该把他们变成延续性的动词及短语或表可延续状态的形容词，下面给大家提供一些变换，仅供参考。borrow-keep leave-be away start/begin-be on buy-have die-be dead join-be a member of come/go-be in等。练习练习3 3：请用括号中所给的词语重新改写下列句子：His grandfat
12、her has died.(for many years)The film has started.(for half an hour)Our foreign teachers have left.(since the SARS came to Beijing.)3.have been to/have gone to 的区别have/has been to 指“去过某地”(表示主语曾“去过某地”,但现在已离开)。have/has gone to 指“去了某地”(表示主语现在“去了某地”,不在说话地点)现在完成时的运用现在完成时的运用(3):(3):例如：例如：Have you ever bee
13、n to Hainan?你去过海南吗?We have been to the city twice.我们去过那个城市两次。Where is Lily?She is not here.She has gone to the library.Lily在哪里？她不在这里，她去图书馆了。练习练习4：根据句意,用适当的短语填空:1、Wheres your father?He has _ _ Shanghai.2、Have you ever _ _ South Korea?No,I havent.3、We have never _ _ the Great Wall.4、You can write to B
14、ill.He has _ _ Japan.不规则动词表不规则动词表Infinitive(原形原形)Past Tense(过去式过去式)Past Participle(过去分词过去分词)（一）（一）ABC 型型:be(am,is,are)was werebeenbeginbeganbegunbitebitbitten/bitbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosendodiddone（一）（一）ABC 型型:drawdrewdrawn drinkdrankdrunk drivedrovedriven eatateeaten fall fellfallen flyflewf
15、lown forgetforgotforgotten getgotgotten/got （一）（一）ABC 型型:givegavegiven gowentgone growgrewgrown hidehidhidden/hid knowknewknown lielaylain mistakemistookmistaken rideroderidden（一）（一）ABC 型型:ringrangrung riseroserisen seesawseen shakeshookshaken singsangsung speakspokespoken stealstolestolen（一）（一）ABC
16、型型:swimswamswum taketooktaken throwthrewthrown wakewoke/wakedwoken/waked/woke wearworeworn writewrotewritten（二）（二）ABB型型:bringbroughtbrought buildbuiltbuilt burn burnt/burnedburnt/burned buyboughtbought catchcaughtcaught digdugdug feelfeltfelt fightfoughtfought（二）（二）ABB型型:findfoundfound havehadhad he
17、arheard heard holdheldheld keepkeptkept leadledled leaveleftleft learnlearned/learnt learned/learnt（二）（二）ABB型型:loselostlost meanmeantmeant meetmetmet paypaidpaid readreadread saysaidsaid sellsoldsold sendsentsent（二）二）ABB型型:shineshone/shinedshone/shined shootshotshot sitsatsat sleepsleptslept smellsm
18、elt/smelledsmelt/smelled spellspelt/spelledspelt/spelled spendspentspent（二）（二）ABB型型:standstoodstood sweepsweptswept teachtaughttaught telltoldtold thinkthought thought understand understood understood win wonwon（三）（三）AAB型型:beatbeatbeaten（四）（四）ABA型型:becomebecamebecome comecamecome runranrun（五）（五）AAA型
19、型:castcastcast costcostcost（五）（五）AAA型型:cutcutcut hithithit hurthurthurt letletlet putputput readreadread setsetset shutshutshut 课余活动课余活动同学们好，今天我们要谈论的交际话题是“课余活动”(spare-time activities)。我想同学们在紧张的学习之余，一定有着丰富多彩的课余活动，那么咱们就一起放松一下，从下面几个方面说说我们在课余做些什么？一体育活动一体育活动（Sports）：）：Look at the following pictures.(看下面的
20、图片)What is he/she doing?他/她在做什么?Hes/Shes playing basketball/playing football/playing tennis/swimming/doing gymnastics/playing cards/skiing/playing ping-pong/climbing/doing Chinese Kung Fu/playing badminton.他/她在打篮球/踢足球/打网球/游泳/做体操/打扑克/滑雪/打乒乓球/攀岩/练中国功夫/打羽毛球。What are they dong?他们在做什么？They are running/pl
21、aying volleyball/playing chess/riding bikes.他们在跑步/打排球/下棋/骑自行车。练习练习1：请用英语说出其他的体育活动。如：如：滑冰skate，扔飞盘throw a frisby二电影电视二电影电视(Movies and TV programs)1谈论电影：谈论电影：Do you want to go to a movie?你想要去看电影吗?Yes,I do.是的,我想去。What kind of movies do you like?你喜欢哪种电影？I like action movies/comedies/cartoons/Beijing Ope
22、ra我喜欢动作片/喜剧片/动画片/京剧1谈论电影：谈论电影：I dont like romances/documentaries/thrillers我不喜欢浪漫片/记录片/恐怖片 Why do you like them/it?你为什么喜欢它们/它?Because theyre/its exciting/funny/interesting/great因为它们/它令人激动/滑稽/有趣/很棒Why dont you like them/it?你为什么不喜欢它们/它?Because theyre/its sad/boring/scary因为它们/它令人伤感/无聊/恐惧2.谈论电视谈论电视:Most
23、people like watching TV.What about you?绝大多数人喜欢看电视,你呢?What is your favorite TV program?/What are your favorite TV programs?你最喜欢的电视节目是什么?My favorite TV program is Tell it like it is/Road to Health/Man and Nature/Sports world/Chinese Cooking/Modern English/Culture-Beijing/weekend Chat 我最喜欢的电视节目是实话实说/健康
24、之路/人与自然/体育世界/中国烹饪/现代英语/周末聊天.2.谈论电视谈论电视:What do you think of game shows/sports shows/talk shows/soap operas/sitcoms?你认为游戏节目/体育节目/访谈节目/肥皂剧/情景喜剧 怎么样？I love them./I like them./I dont mind them./I dont like them./I cant stand them.我爱它们。/我喜欢它们。/我不关注它们。/我不喜欢它们。/我不能忍受练习练习2.根据给你提供的下列图片跟你的朋友商量你们这个周末要去看什么电影，你们
25、都喜欢哪一类电影？为什么？三其他课余活动：三其他课余活动：Look at the following pictures.看下面的图片1.What does Mike often do after school?迈克放学后经常做什么？He often goes to the school library.他常去校图书馆。2.Does Tony like reading newspapers in his free time?Yes,he does.托尼喜欢在业余时间看报纸吗?是的,他喜欢。看图说话：看图说话：3.Anna sometimes baby-sits her brother after
26、 school.Anna放学后有时照看她弟弟。4.How often does Mary walk her dog？玛丽多长时间遛一次狗？She walks her dog every afternoon.她每天下午遛狗。5.What did you do over the weekend？你周末做什么了？I cleaned my clothes on Saturday afternoon.我星期六下午洗衣服了。6.What did Jane do over her weekend?Jane周末做什么了？She stayed at home and cleaned her room.她呆在家里
27、打扫房间了。7.Peter did his homework over the weekend.Peter 周末做作业了。8.Where did you go on Sunday morning？星期天上午你们去哪儿了？We went to the Aquarium to watch a dolphin show.我们去水族馆看海豚表演了。9.The babys hobby is reading a magazine.这小孩的爱好是看杂志。10.I like listening to music best.我最喜欢听音乐。My favorite kind of music is classic
28、al music/pop music/jazz music/country music/rock music 我最喜爱的音乐是古典乐/流行乐/爵士乐/乡村音乐/摇滚乐.11.The children enjoy playing games in the park.孩子们爱在公园里做游戏。12.His brother enjoys collecting stamps in his spare time.他哥哥喜欢在业余时间集邮。13.What are you going to do in this summer vacation?Im going to learn to cook.你今年暑假要干
29、什么？我要学做饭。14.Would you like to have a picnic with us?Yes,Id love to.你愿意跟我们一起去野炊吗？我非常愿意去。15.I want to find a summer job as a waiter in a restaurant.我想要找一份在餐馆做服务员的暑期工作。16.Theyre going bike-riding in this summer vacation 他们今年暑假要去骑自行车旅行。How will their trip be？他们的旅行会怎样呢？I think they will have fun.我想他们一定会玩得开心的。练习练习3：同学们，除了上述给大家提供的各种有关课余活动的话题外，你还有更丰富多彩的活动话题吗？告诉大家你通常是怎样度过你的课余时间的？刚刚度过的周末是怎样的？今年的暑假你又打算如何度过？说出来让大家一起分享吧！今天的课就上到这儿，同学们再见！今天的课就上到这儿，同学们再见！