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1、雅思英语雅思英语 写作篇PPT PPT 编写：胡宇斌编写：胡宇斌CMA Training CentreCMA Training Centre图表题图表题写作写作WWSkillsRITING温故知新温故知新图表图表5种类型种类型表格表格Table线图线图(直线直线/曲线曲线)Linegraph柱状图柱状图(条形图条形图)Barchart饼图饼图Piechart流程图流程图Processdiagram Learnthenewwhilereviewingtheold 线图线图写作写作WWSkillsRITING第第 三三 讲讲线图主体段线图主体段写作要点写作要点 理解主题理解主题,比较差异比较差异;
2、看清趋势看清趋势,找出极点找出极点;若有交叉若有交叉,点出说明点出说明。P226 P226 例题例题1212注注：（可写的地方。可写的地方。）图表中图表中最高点最高点和和最低点最低点都要单独说明。都要单独说明。曲线的曲线的连续变化连续变化需要说明。需要说明。对图表中多条对图表中多条曲线的交叉点曲线的交叉点进行对比。进行对比。考题多为考题多为双曲线和三曲线双曲线和三曲线（The graphThe graph compares compares）对对单曲线单曲线的准确描写是基础（的准确描写是基础（The graph The graph showsshows）复习复习WWSkillsriting1
3、1、主主体体段段表表示示时时间间推推移移的短语的短语有哪些？有哪些？问题：问题：表示时间推移的短语（表示时间推移的短语（熟记熟记）：Atfirst,(=initially)Then,Afterthat,Fromthispointonwards,Finally(=eventually)（不要老是使用不要老是使用 at 6 oat 6 oclockclock,at 8 oat 8 oclockclock来开始一个句子。来开始一个句子。)复习复习WWSkillsriting2 2、主主体体段段表表示示趋趋势势的的动动词词有哪些？有哪些？上升上升-下降下降-不变不变-波动波动(见见P215,P218趋
4、势图）趋势图）问题：问题：表示趋势的短语表示趋势的短语-动词动词（熟记熟记）：数字趋势动词数字趋势动词1.1.上升趋势上升趋势:rise,go up,:rise,go up,2.2.下降趋势下降趋势:fall,sink,:fall,sink,drop,dip,drop,dip,reducereduce,go,go downdown3.3.保持不变保持不变:remain steady,:remain steady,show no/little changeshow no/little change4.4.波动波动:fluctuate:fluctuate趋势动词替换趋势动词替换1.1.上升趋势上升
5、趋势:increase,grow,:increase,grow,climb,ascend(jump,surge,climb,ascend(jump,surge,soar,shoot up)soar,shoot up)2.2.下降趋势下降趋势:decline,decrease,:decline,decrease,descend(plunge,slump)descend(plunge,slump)3.3.保持不变保持不变:level off/out at,:level off/out at,hover at,stabilize at,reach a hover at,stabilize at,re
6、ach a plateau atplateau at复习复习WWSkillsriting3 3、主主体体段段表表示示趋趋势势的的形形容词容词/副词副词有哪些？有哪些？速度快速度快-速度慢速度慢-幅度大幅度大-幅度小幅度小问题：问题：表示趋势的短语表示趋势的短语-形容词形容词（熟记熟记）：1.1.速度快速度快:sharp,rapid,dramati:sharp,rapid,dramatic c,drasti,drastic c2.2.速度慢速度慢:gradual,slow,steady,gentle:gradual,slow,steady,gentle3.3.幅度大幅度大:significant
7、,substantial,marked:significant,substantial,marked4.4.幅度小幅度小:slight,modest,moderate:slight,modest,moderate注意注意:以上加以上加 ly ly 均为副词。均为副词。表示分别的副词是表示分别的副词是 respectivelyrespectively。复习复习WWSkillsriting4 4、主主体体段段表表示示趋趋势势的的其其他动词他动词有哪些？有哪些？最高点最高点-最低点最低点-达到多少达到多少-占多少占多少-预测多少预测多少 -问题：问题：表示趋势的短语表示趋势的短语-其它其它（熟记熟记
8、）：1.1.最高点最高点:peak at,reach the highest point at,peak at,reach the highest point at,2.2.最低点最低点:bottom out at,reach the bottom at,the lowest point at bottom out at,reach the bottom at,the lowest point at3.3.达到多少达到多少（量）（量）:reach,arrive at,amount to,hit,stand at reach,arrive at,amount to,hit,stand at4.4
9、.预测预测（会有）（会有）多少多少:predict,expect,forecast predict,expect,forecast 句型为句型为：A isA is predicted/expected/forecasted predicted/expected/forecasted to reachto reach线图主体段线图主体段写作写作 认真阅读认真阅读P226P226主体段范文。主体段范文。总结表示总结表示升降、平稳、波动升降、平稳、波动以及以及最高点最高点和和最低点最低点的句型。的句型。注意注意数据数据的表达，放置的的表达，放置的位置位置。回顾使用过的句型回顾使用过的句型描述上升描述
10、上升The The periodperiod between between 10 o10 oclock and 12 clock and 12 o oclockclock saw a slight growthsaw a slight growth in the in the numbernumber of of people in the station,people in the station,with the number reachingwith the number reaching 280 280 at middayat midday.The The next two hour
11、snext two hours experiencesexperiences/witnesseswitnesses/saw a sharp rise againsaw a sharp rise again,with 6 pmwith 6 pm arriving atarriving at 380 380 people.people.(在哪段时间。）在哪段时间。）回顾使用过的句型回顾使用过的句型描述下降描述下降From this point onwards,the From this point onwards,the number number plunges toplunges to onl
12、y 100only 100 from from 2 pm to 4 pm2 pm to 4 pm.After After 6 pm6 pm,the,the numbernumber falls againfalls again,reaching the lowest point ofreaching the lowest point of 130130 at at 8 pm8 pm.(从哪儿从哪儿/何时起。）何时起。）回顾使用过的句型回顾使用过的句型描述不变描述不变At first At first at 6 amat 6 am the the numbernumber of people a
13、t the of people at the station station stands atstands at only 100only 100.NumbersNumbers in in the following two hoursthe following two hours level off level off at at just just under 300under 300 people.people.站上哪点。站上哪点。在哪个时间段保持不变。在哪个时间段保持不变。回顾使用过的句型回顾使用过的句型描述波动描述波动As we can see from the line grap
14、h,the As we can see from the line graph,the number number of people using this station of people using this station fluctuatesfluctuates over these over these 16 hours16 hours.The The periodperiod from 8 pm to 10 pm from 8 pm to 10 pm sees a slight sees a slight riserise,but finally the,but finally
15、the numbenumber of people r of people declines declines againagain from from 180180 at at 9 pm9 pm to to 135135 at at 10 pm10 pm.回顾使用过的句型回顾使用过的句型描述最高点描述最高点Then,the Then,the numbernumber shoots upshoots up over over the the next two hoursnext two hours,peaking atpeaking at 400400 at at 8 am8 am.The T
16、he next two hoursnext two hours experiences a sharp experiences a sharp rise againrise again,with 6 pmwith 6 pm arriving atarriving at 380 380 people.people.回顾使用过的句型回顾使用过的句型描述最低点描述最低点After that,the After that,the numbernumber declines rapidlydeclines rapidly for two for two hourshours,bottoming out
17、atbottoming out at 180180 at at 10 am10 am.From this point onwards,the From this point onwards,the number number plunges plunges toto only 100only 100 from from 2 pm to 4 pm2 pm to 4 pm.After After 6 pm6 pm,the,the numbernumber falls againfalls again,reaching reaching the lowest point ofthe lowest p
18、oint of 130130 at at 8 pm8 pm.line chart/curve diagram line chart/curve diagram 主体段主体段模版模版:The line chart The line chart compares compares the the rate rate of _.of _.It can It can be clearly seenbe clearly seen that _.that _.Male smokersMale smokers .In contrastIn contrast,female smokersfemale smok
19、ers.To concludeTo conclude,we can see that_.,we can see that_.A comparison of A comparison of shows that shows that while while .A comparative study of A comparative study of shows that shows that while while .引用数据引用数据方法方法WWSkillsRITING句子写作巩固句子写作巩固你知道吗？你知道吗？WWSkillsriting图图表表主主体体段段写写作作，第第一一句句话话是是主主题
20、题句句，支持句支持句介绍数据时要详尽介绍数据时要详尽。请看例句：请看例句：图表图表引用数据引用数据句型：句型：1.1.The numberThe number picked uppicked up in June,in June,rocketingrocketing by almost 500%.by almost 500%.2.2.There wasThere was a marked improvement a marked improvement in July in July with the number ofwith the number of visitors visitors
21、surging surging 400%.400%.3.3.The periodThe period between May and September between May and September saw a saw a steady growthsteady growth in the number ofin the number of visitors from visitors from 70,000 to 140,000.70,000 to 140,000.4.4.The gradual riseThe gradual rise in visitor numbersin vis
22、itor numbers from from 30,000 to approximately 45,000 in the first 30,000 to approximately 45,000 in the first four months four months was followed bywas followed by a sharper a sharper increaseincrease in May.in May.如何如何统计数据统计数据WWSkillsritingThere There 表达表达-1：从早上从早上6 6点到点到8 8点点看电视的人数有看电视的人数有个小小的增长
23、个小小的增长,由由3%3%到到7%7%。如何如何统计数据统计数据WWSkillsritingThere There waswas a a slight slight riserise in in the the number number ofof TV TV audiences audiences fromfrom about about 3%3%at at 6:00 6:00 am am toto about about 7%7%at at 8 am.8 am.表达表达-1：从早上从早上6 6点到点到8 8点点看电视的人数有看电视的人数有个小小的增长个小小的增长,由由3%3%到到7%7%。
24、统计数据统计数据句型句型WWSkillsritingThe percentage The percentage 表达表达-2：百分率一直大百分率一直大幅下滑，到早幅下滑，到早上上8 8点最低降到点最低降到约约45%45%。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWSkillsritingThe percentage The percentage declined declined substantially until substantially until 8:00 am8:00 am,bottoming out atbottoming out at about 45%.about 45%.表达表达-2：
25、百分率一直大百分率一直大幅下滑，到早幅下滑，到早上上8 8点最低降到点最低降到约约45%45%。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWSkillsritingThe next The next.表达表达-3：接下来的两个小接下来的两个小时，数字又巨幅时，数字又巨幅攀升，中午时分攀升，中午时分最高达到最高达到280280。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWSkillsritingThe next two hoursThe next two hours witnessed witnessed a dramatic risea dramatic rise in the number in the number ag
26、ainagain,with,with the number the number reaching 280 reaching 280 at middayat midday.表达表达-3：接下来的两个小接下来的两个小时，数字又巨幅时，数字又巨幅攀升，中午时分攀升，中午时分最高达到最高达到280280。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWSkillsritingHoweverHowever,.表达表达-4：然而在一天其他的然而在一天其他的时间，听收音机的时间，听收音机的百分比要比看电视百分比要比看电视的百分比低很多。的百分比低很多。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWSkillsritingHoweverHowe
27、ver,for the rest of for the rest of the daythe day,the percentagethe percentage of radioof radio waswas much lower much lower than than that ofthat of TV TV.表达表达-4：然而在一天其他的然而在一天其他的时间，听收音机的时间，听收音机的百分比要比看电视百分比要比看电视的百分比低很多。的百分比低很多。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWSkillsritingThe price The price.表达表达-5：价格在价格在19941994年急剧年急
28、剧下挫，不过很快恢下挫，不过很快恢复到了原来水平，复到了原来水平，最后冲上新的高点。最后冲上新的高点。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWSkillsritingThe price The price plunged plunged dramaticallydramatically in 1994,in 1994,but then it but then it regained its regained its previous levelprevious level,beforebefore soaring to a new peaksoaring to a new peak.表达表达-5：价格在价
29、格在19941994年急剧年急剧下挫，不过很快恢下挫，不过很快恢复到了原来水平，复到了原来水平，最后冲上新的高点。最后冲上新的高点。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWSkillsritingIn spite ofIn spite of .表达表达-6：尽管价格波动很尽管价格波动很大，但趋势明显大，但趋势明显向上。向上。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWSkillsritingIn spite of the In spite of the sharp sharp fluctuationsfluctuations in the price,in the price,the trend was obviousl
30、y the trend was obviously upwardsupwards.表达表达-6：尽管价格波动很尽管价格波动很大，但趋势明显大，但趋势明显向上。向上。线图主体段练习线图主体段练习P P222 222 例题例题9 9 图一图一 怎样改写首段怎样改写首段?The graph The graph shows how shows how the the amount amount of water of water used world wide changed between 1900 to used world wide changed between 1900 to 2000.20
31、00.本题如果是一个图：本题如果是一个图：主体段可以写三段（主体段可以写三段（一个元素写一段一个元素写一段），），也可写两段（也可写两段（类似的合起来写类似的合起来写）。）。如有两个图，本图就只写一段，如下：如有两个图，本图就只写一段，如下：参考范文：参考范文：Throughout the century,Throughout the century,the largest the largest quantityquantity of water was used for of water was used for agricultural purposes,and this agricul
32、tural purposes,and this increased dramaticallyincreased dramatically from about from about 500500 kmkm3 3 to around to around 3,000 3,000 kmkm3 3 in the year in the year 2000.2000.（介绍农业用水情况介绍农业用水情况-最高值最高值）Water used Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors in the industrial and domestic sec
33、tors also increasedalso increased,but consumption,but consumption was was minimalminimal until until mid-centurymid-century.（工业和家庭用工业和家庭用水情况水情况-相似值相似值）From From 19501950 onwards,onwards,industrial use industrial use grew steadilygrew steadily to just to just over over 1,0001,000 km3,while domestic u
34、se km3,while domestic use rose rose more slowlymore slowly to only to only 800800 km3,both km3,both far far below the levelsbelow the levels of consumption by of consumption by agriculture.agriculture.（工业和家庭工业和家庭,与农业与农业相比较相比较）线图主体段线图主体段课后课后练习练习P P221 221 例题例题8 8 怎样改写首段怎样改写首段?（见（见 P221P221)(先口头用汉语描述。
35、先口头用汉语描述。）1 1、写几段？、写几段？2 2、怎么写？、怎么写？原文原文-开首段开首段WWSkillsriting【修改修改】TheThe three three curvescurves given given in the line graphin the line graph showshow us the percentage of theus the percentage of the agedaged people 65 and people 65 and above inabove in Japan,Sweden Japan,Sweden and USAand USA f
36、rom 1940 to from 1940 to 2040.2040.Thesecurvesindicateusthepercentageofthepeopleabove65insomecountriesduringtheperiodfrom1940to2040.Wecandrawsomeconclusionsfromcertainevidentpatterns.原文原文主体段主体段-1WWSkillsritingThe proportion of population aged The proportion of population aged above 65 in USAabove 65
37、 in USA were increasingwere increasing slowly slowly from 1940 to 1962(from 9%to 10%),from 1940 to 1962(from 9%to 10%),after whichafter which therethere is is a sudden rise toa sudden rise to 15%15%in in 1980s1980s.After that,the percentage.After that,the percentage began to fall gradually untilbega
38、n to fall gradually until 2020,2020,the the number at that timenumber at that time is is estimatelyestimately 14%.14%.The nextThe next severalseveral years will seeyears will see a a increase increase to about 17%,and thento about 17%,and then rocket rocket to 23%to 23%in the last 10 years.in the la
39、st 10 years.修改修改主体段主体段-1WWSkillsritingThe proportion of aged population in The proportion of aged population in USA USA increased increased slowly from 1940 to 1960 slowly from 1940 to 1960(from 9%to 10%).(from 9%to 10%).ThenThen there there waswas a a sudden rise to 15%in 1980.sudden rise to 15%in
40、1980.After thatAfter that,the percentage began to fall gradually the percentage began to fall gradually until 2020until 2020（14%14%）.The next.The next 2020 years years can be seen a drastic increase,rocketcan be seen a drastic increase,rocketinging to 23%in the year 2040.to 23%in the year 2040.原文原文主
41、体段主体段-2WWSkillsritingThe trendThe trend in in Sweden is similar to thatSweden is similar to that ofof USAUSA,it,it(代什么代什么？串句串句。)began at 7%in 1940,a bit less than that of began at 7%in 1940,a bit less than that of USA,and increased to 9%USA,and increased to 9%untiluntil 19621962.Then,just like Then,
42、just like the change of USA,the proportion climbedthe change of USA,the proportion climbed more fast more fast and and plateauedplateaued at 15%in at 15%in 1980s1980s.Yes theresYes theres a little a little difference from the States that the curvedifference from the States that the curve sores sores
43、 after a after a short periodshort period gradual declinegradual decline until 2010 and reach 20%until 2010 and reach 20%,(有有吗吗？看？看错图错图啦！啦！)which is much higher than the USA which is much higher than the USA at at same time.same time.(不准确不准确)In the last 10 years,elderIn the last 10 years,elder Swede
44、s Swedes increased rapidlyincreased rapidly after a 10 year decline after a 10 year decline,(看看错图错图啦！啦！)andand willwill (主主语语是是啥啥？)peak at 26%.peak at 26%.修改修改主体段主体段-2WWSkillsritingThe trendThe trend of of SwedenSweden，at firstat first，is similar is similar to that of USAto that of USA.With its star
45、ting.With its starting percentage percentage at 7%in 1940,a bit less than at 7%in 1940,a bit less than that of USA,it increasedthat of USA,it increased to 14%to 14%in in 19801980.Then,Then,unlikeunlike thethe downward trend downward trend of USA,of USA,the Sweden proportionthe Sweden proportion cont
46、inued tocontinued to climb,until itclimb,until it reached reached 15%15%in 2000 in 2000 and and 17%17%in 2020in 2020.AfterwardsAfterwards,the Sweden,the Sweden curvecurve soaredsoared,peakpeakinging at at 24%24%in 2040.in 2040.原文原文主体段主体段-3WWSkillsritingJapanese saw aJapanese saw a consistconsista an
47、tnt（坚实的；可靠的的；可靠的)decrease form 5%in 1940 to 3%in 1960,decrease form 5%in 1940 to 3%in 1960,and kept this level forand kept this level for 25 25 years.years.(如何算的？如何算的？)Then beganThen began to rise gradually toto rise gradually to 10%10%untiluntil 2030 2030(不确切不确切)prospectively prospectively(adv.可能；潜
48、在；可能；潜在；预期期).).A dramaticallyA dramatically rising rising will be seen in the will be seen in the nextnext 2 2 years years(？)whichwhich will lead the will lead the percentage topercentage to 25%25%.Finally,theFinally,the proportion proportion of Japaneseof Japanese will end at will end at(？)27%in 20
49、4027%in 2040.(画不出画不出图图来。来。)修改修改主体段主体段-3WWSkillsritingJapanJapan curvecurve saw saw a a slightslight decrease decrease form form 5%5%in in 1940 1940 to to 3%3%in in 1960,1960,andand remained remained stable stable until until 1980.1980.Then,Then,the the proportion proportion began began toto pick pic
50、k upup,reachingreaching 5%5%in in 20002000,and and 8%8%in in 20202020.After After that,that,there there is is a a dramaticdramatic riserise in in the the nextnext 2020 yearsyears,leadleadinging the the percentage percentage to to 27%27%in 2040.in 2040.(能出能出画画图图。)参考：参考：This chart illustrates the perc