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1、高考英语语法精讲：定语从句考点及误区分析一、英语定语从句考点及命题规律分析1.考查which引导的非限制性定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句，用以指代整个主句的内容，或主句中某个词或短语的内容。如:(1) By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself can be very eve-opening and rewarding.A. whoB. Which C.what D. that答案为B。which在此引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中用作主语，表示前面所提到的情况(2
2、) Chans restaurant on Baker Street,used to be poorly run, is now a successful business A. that B. Which c.who D. where答案为B。which used to be poorly run为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的Chinas restaurant。2.考查as引导的非限制性定语从句as也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后自。它的意思是“正如”，在这些从句中as 作主语或宾语。如:l explai
3、ned on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.1A. When B.After C.As D.Since答案为。as引导定语从句，其意为“正如”。(2)_is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A.Which B.When c.What DAS答案为D。解析:引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前，用as引导。答案分别为CBD。3.考查由“个词+关系代词”引导的定语从句个词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词主要是which或whom，不
4、能是that;其中的个词则要根据句子中的相关搭配来确定如(1) He was educated at the local high school,he went on to Beijing UniversityA. after which B. after that C.in which D in that答案为A。after which中的which指他在当地一所高中接受教育”，after which的意思就是在当地一所高中接受完教育之后(即高中毕业之后)”。(2) She was educated at Beijing University,she went on to have her
5、advanced study abroadA. after which B from which C. from that D. after that答案为A。after which在此引导非限制性定语从句，相当于and after that。5.考查由.of which引导的定语从句这类结构主要表示所属关系、同位关系或整体与部分的关系。如:(1) We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of are healthy.A. That B. which D. whom C. what答案为D。由于先行词为so many p
6、eople，故关系代词只能用whom，而不能用其他三个。其中的O表示整体与部分的关系，most of whom意为“他们当中的大多数”。4.考查由where,when,why引导的定语从句关系副词where,when,why引导定语从句时，它们分别在从句中充当地点时间、时间状语和原因状语。如(1) Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity sight matters more than hearingA. When C.which B. whose D. where答案为D。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词
7、activity。句意为:那些失聪的成功舞演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。(2) The book was written in 1946,the education system has witnessed great charges A. When B. during which C.since then D. since when答案为D。since when中的when指1946， since when指的是since 1946，即指自1946年起”。注意不要误选C，如果将C改为and since then，则可选C。5.考查whose引导的定语从句此时要注意三点:(1)
8、whose引导的定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成“whose t名词”，(2)whose引导的定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物;(3)whose引导的定语从句指物时，可用of which 代替whose，但词序不同，即whose t名词=the +名词+of which。如:(1) George Orwell, was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essaysA. the real name B. what his real nameC. his real name D. whose real name答案为D。whose引
9、导的定语从句，表示所属关系。6.考查分隔式定语从句:即所考查的定语从句与先行词之间插有其他修饰语。做题时应撇开其中的修饰语，直接将先行词与定语从句联系起来(1) The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that far-away villageA. Until C.when D. where B. that答案为C。先行词是the hours，back to me 是插入先行词与定语从句之间的干扰成分(2) It was an exciting moment for these football fan
10、s this year,for the first time in years their team won the WorldCupA. That B. while C.which D.when答案为D。定语从句修饰的先行词是an exciting moment。7.考查关系词省略的限制性定语从句能被省略的关系代词主要是用作宾语的that,which,whom,who等，且只限于限制性定语从句中。另外，the way后接定语从句修饰时，也可省略关系代词。如:(1)Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else there?A
11、. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turnD. for her to turn答案为B。先行词是no one else，定语从句she can turn to前省略了作宾语的关系代词whom或who。值得指出的是，本句还可以写成to whom she can turn。(2) What surprised me was not what he said but he said itA. the way B. in the way thatC. in the way D. the way which答案为A。考查the way后接
12、定语从句的用法。the way后接定语从句有三种用法:用in which引导;用that引导;省略关系词。此题属于第三种用法。8.考查定语从句与其他知识点的综合运用(1) He is the only one of the students whoa winner of scholarship for three yearsA.is B. are C.have been D.has been此题形式上好像只是考查主谓一致和时态的运用，实际上关键是确定先行词。代词one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式，one of the students中的先行词是the students，
13、定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形式，但此处the anyone of the students中的先行词是the only one，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。而且句子中因为有状语for three years，要用现在完成时，所以综合判断后答案只能是D。(2) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment.l will always treasure A. that B.one C.it D. what答案为B。题中的one是an unforgettable moment的同位语，同时也是先行词，其
14、后就是一个定语从句，all ways treasure前省略了作宾语的关系代词that，treasure在这里是及物动词，意思是”铭记，珍藏”。二、学习定语从句的几个误区1.误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人whose用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可指人也可指物。如：It was an island, whose name I have forgotten.它是一座岛，名字我忘了。The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays.这家工厂工人都是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。2.混
15、淆定语从句与并列句请看下面两题：1.He has two children, and both of_are abroad.A.themB. whichC. whomD. who2.He has two children, both of_are abroad.A.themB. whichC. whomD. who第1题选A，第2题选C。由于第1题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第2题没有并列连词and，both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。另外，请比较下面一题：He has two children, b
16、oth of_being abroad.A.themB. whichC. whomD. who此题答案为A，其中的both of them being abroad为独立主格结构，用作状语。请再看一组类似的例子：1.He wrote a lot of novels, many of_translated into foreign languages.A.itB. them C. whichD. that2.He wrote a lot of novels, many of_were translated into foreign languages.A.itB. them C. whichD.
17、 that第1应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的translated是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语；第2应选C，因为句中有谓语were translated。比较下面一例：He wrote a lot of novels, and many of_were translated into foreign languages.A.it B. themC. whichD. that此题与上面的第2题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。3.混淆关系代词与关系副词有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其实也不
18、一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较：This is the factory where I want to work.这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)This is the factory that I want to visit.这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，that用作visit的宾语)The reason why he cant come is that he is ill.他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不
19、及物动词，why在定语从句中用作状语)The reason that he put forth is very important.他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词，that在定语从句中用作其宾语)比较下面的考题：1.This is the room_I lived ten years ago.A.thatB. whereC. whoD. what2.This is the room_I lived in ten years ago.A.thatB. whereC. whoD. what3.This is the room_I bought ten years ago.A.t
20、hatB. whereC. whoD. what4.This is the room_I visited ten years ago.A.thatB. whereC. whoD. what5.This is the room_I was born ten years ago.A.thatB. whereC. whoD. what第1题选B，因为live是不及物动词，它无需接宾语；第2题选A，因为虽然live不及物，但live in却是及物，它应有自己的宾语；第3、4题也应选A，因为buy和visit均为及物动词，它们应有自己的宾语；第5应选B，因为be born无需有自己的宾语。4.误认为逗号
21、后一定是非限制性定语从句有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句。如：1.If a book is in English,_means slow progress for you.A.asB. whichC. whatD. that2.When I say two hours,_includes time for eating.A.asB. whichC. whatD. that以上两题均应选that，而不能选which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that，是因为句中已有if和when引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句，that为主句主语。学科网（北京）股份有限公司