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1、高考英语词法精讲：副词分类及用法一、英语副词分类详解根据副词在句子中所起的作用，我们可以把副词分为：1、时间副词，如：ago, ahead, before, behind, beside, below, soon, now, recently, sometime, today, tomorrow, tonight, then, yesterday等；此外，还有表示频度的副词，如：always, constantly, ever, frequently, hardly, never, occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, twice, u
2、sually等。2、地点副词，如：above, abroad, down, downstairs, everywhere, here, home, in, inside, out, outdoors, there, up, upstairs等。3、疑问副词，如：how, when, where, why 等。4、方式副词，如：angrily, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, easily, fast, happily, hurriedly, loud, loudly, quickly, quietly, rapidly, slowly, slightly,
3、 suddenly, well 等。5、程度副词，如：a little, almost, completely, deeply, enough, extremely, fairly, fine and, good and, greatly, hardly, just, much, nearly, partly, pretty, quite, rather, so, terribly, too, very, very much 等。6、关系副词，如：when, where, why 等。7、连接副词，如：if, how, however, nor, so, therefore, too, whe
4、n, whenever, where, wherever, whether, why 等。8、句子副词，如：fortunately, frankly, generally, luckily, maybe, obvious, officially, perhaps, possibly, probably unfortunately 等。9、关联副词，如：besides, furthermore, however, moreover, never the less, so, then, thus, therefore 等。二、英语副词的句法功能1、用作状语Look at the photo car
5、efully.仔细看看这张照片。Youre driving too fast.你开车开得太快了。2、用作表语The meeting is over.会议结束了。Is anyone upstairs?楼上有人吗？Is the radio on or off?收音机是开着的还是关着的？【注】在通常情况下，用作表语时不用副词而用形容词，如可说The woman is beautiful.而不说The woman is beautifully.可说The cloth feels soft.不能说The cloth feels softly.英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词
6、，而且只能用于连系动词be后作表语，而不用于其他连系动词后作表语，如可说He is here或He is abroad，但不能说He seems here或He seems abroad。3、用作宾语Its hot in here.这里面很热。Its not far from here.从这儿去不远。Ill stay at home tonight.今晚我将呆在家里。【注】副词用作宾语的用法十分有限，通常只用作介词宾语，并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词，而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点，如here和there可与along, around, down, from, in, near, roun
7、d, up等介词连用，但通常不与介词to连用，如不说come to here, go to there等(注：from here to there是例外)，而表地点的副词abroad则只与介词from连用，不与其他介词连用。4、用作宾语补足语Ask him in, please.请叫他进来。We must try to help him through.我们必须设法帮他渡过难关。Sorry to have kept you up so late.对不起，让你这么晚不能睡觉。【注】一般说来，能用作表语的副词都可用作宾语补足语：He went to see her but found that s
8、he was out.他去看她，但发现她不在家。He went to see her but found her out.他去看她，但发现她不在家。5、用作定语The people there were very friendly.那儿的人很友好。Do you know the people downstairs?你认识楼下的人吗？The shops around are very cheap.附近商店的东西很便宜。【注】在通常情况下，副词用作定语总是放在被修饰名词之后，若置于修饰名词之前，则通常被视为形容词，如the upstairs room和the room upstairs都表示“楼上
9、的房间”，但前者的upstairs前置，为形容词；后者的upstairs后置，为副词；又如the above passage和the都可表示“上面的段落”，但前者的above前置，为形容词；后者的above后置，为副词。三、副词在句中的位置特点1、表示时间或地点的副词一般放在句尾，并且，地点在前时间在后，地点和时间的内部，又按从小到大的顺序排列。强调时，它们也可放在句首。如：Will you be free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗?He lives at 75 Xiangchun Road, Changsha. 他住在长沙市湘春路75号。2、频度副词一般放在行为动词之前，助动词、情态
10、动词或动词be之后。如：He sometimes goes there on business. 他有时到那里出差。He has never been late. 他从未迟到过。I was never very good at maths. 我的数学从来不好。注：若为了强调，有时可钭频度副词放在句首，但值得注意的是，当never, seldom 等含有否定意义的副词放在句首时，句子须部分倒装。如：Never have I read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。3、程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词之前，助动词、情态动词或系动词be之后。如：The film was quit
11、e good. 那影片相当好。The lecture was fairly good. 报告相当不错。Its a rather sad story. 这是一个相当凄惨的故事。注：修饰动词的程度副词则通常放在动词(及其宾语)之后，有时也放在动词之前。如：I dont like coffee very much. = I dont very much like coffee. 我不太喜欢喝咖啡。另外，enough修饰形容词或副词时，永远置于其后后。如：Will you be kind enough to shut the door? 可否劳驾把门关上?Its clear enough what h
12、e meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。4、修饰动词的方式副词一般放在动词(及其宾语)之后，有时也放在动词之前。如：We must learn to speak English fluently and correctly. 我们应当学讲流利正确的英语。They warmly welcomed me at their offices. 他们在办公室热烈欢迎了我。5.由动词与副词一起所构成的短语动词带宾语时，若宾语是名词，则副词放在名词的前后都行；若宾语是代词，副词只能放在代词之后。如：I need a few days to think over your proposal. = I need
13、a few days to think over your proposal. 我需要几天时间来考虑你的建议。I need a few days to think it over. 我需要几天时间来考虑它。(不能说 think over it)6、地点副词做定语时，须放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。如：The people there are very friendly. 那儿的人很友好。7、修饰句子的副词一般放在句首。如：Frankly, I am not satisfied with it. 坦白说，我对此不满意。Luckily it was not so hot. 幸好那天不太热。Serio
14、usly I wish to work here. 说正经的，我愿意在这里工作。8、疑问副词常放在句首构成疑问句。如：How did you enjoy your Christmas? 圣诞节过得如何?Why havent you been to see me all this time? 你为什么一直没来看我?9、关系副词和连接副词一般放在从句的开头。如：I asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。(连接副词引起宾语从句)These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。(关系副词引起定语从句)10、方式副词、地点副词、时间副词等用在一起时，通常是方式副词在前，地点副词在中间，时间副词在最后。如：The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。注：对于run / go / drive / move / walk / head / leave 等表示位置移动词的动词，修饰它们的多个副词通常按“地点副词 + 方式副词 + 时间副词”的规律排列。如：He went there happily yesterday. 他昨天高兴地去了那儿。学科网（北京）股份有限公司