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1、连词一 在not，never等否定词后or和and的应用当句中有not，never等否定词时，其后若用or，则表示两者都否定；若用and，则只否定其中之一。He did not speak clearly or correctly（他讲得不清楚，也不正确。）He did not speak clearly and correctly（他讲得清楚，但不正确。）二 “否则”、“要不然”英语表达法or除了解作“或者”以外，还可以解作“否则”、“要不然”，此时与or else，otherwise同义。 We must leave the party at exactly 9：00 or we will
2、 be late for work三 “祈使句+and”结构的含义“祈使句+and”结构相当于“If+主句”句型。Say that again and I will punish youIf you say that again I will punish you四 for，because，since和as在用法上的差异for，because，since和as解作“因为”，其中，for是并列连词，because，since和as是从属连词。because指道德上的或自然的原因，常回答why的问题，语气最强，往往位于主句后。for指的是逻辑上的理由，即根据所产生的结果来推断造成这种结果的理由，起
3、补充说明的作用，通常放在第一分句后。The river has risen，because it has rained much of lateIt must have rained much of late，for the river is so highsince和as指对既知的事实表示一种理由，since比as稍微更正式一些，其语气都要比because弱，常位于主句前。 Since you say so，I suppose it is trueAs the moons gravity is only 1/6 the gravity of the earth，a 200-pound man
4、 weights only 33 pounds on the moon五 “虽然但是”的英语表达法汉语中可以说“虽然但是”，但在英语中，though或although都不能与but同时连用；用了though或although，就不能用but，用了but就不能用though或although；但是though或although可以与副词yet同时使用，当然不用yet的句子也是正确的，而且更为简洁。在正式英语中，yet也可以用作并列连词，等于but，此时句中不能再使用though或although。 Although he is rich，yet he is not generous He wor
5、ked hard，yet he failed六 作“是否”解时whether和if的用法异同whether和if解作“是否”时，区别如下：1 引导宾语从句时，用whether或if都可以。I am not sure whether I will have timeI am not sure if I will have time2 当提出两种选择时，应该用“whetheror”或“whetheror not”，而不用“ifor”或“ifor not”。“ifor not”在美国口语中有时也使用，但是在正式文体中应该使用“whetheror not”。It is uncertain whethe
6、r he will succeed or failI asked him whether he knew her or not3 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，要用whether，不用if。Whether it is true remains a questionWhat we want to know is whether he can finish the work in timeThey asked him the question whether an electric current can be produced by magnetism4 whether可以用在介词后或动
7、词不定式前，if则不能。I have not settled the question of whether I will go back homeShe does not know whether to go or stay七 doubt和doubtful后连词的应用作动词和名词用的doubt以及形容词doubtful用于肯定句时，其后的连词应用whether，用于否定句和疑问句时，其后的连词应用that。 I doubt whether he will come tomorrow I do not doubt that he will come tomorrow Can you doubt
8、 that he will win？ There is a doubt whether it is true I have no doubt that he will succeed Is there a doubt that he will come？ It is doubtful whether I shall go or stay It is not doubtful that he will succeed Can it be doubtful that he will come soon？八 在以reason或why从句作主语时表语从句中连词的应用当主语是reason或是由why引导
9、的主语从句时，表语从句中的连词应当用that，不能用because。 The reason for his success is that he worked hard Why the explosion occurred was that the laboratory attendant had been careless九 in that作连词的应用in that用作复合从属连词，属于书面语，引导原因状语从句。这种从句起解释作用，对主句中所讲的事特别加以说明或提供一定的例证，可以解作“因为”或“其理由就在于”。I like the city，but I like the country b
10、etter in that I have more friends in the country十 连词while的应用 当while用作连词时，具有多种含义：1 当时候：Strike while the iron is hot2 而：I have no money to spend，while you have nothing to spend money on3 虽然：While respected，Dr Smith is not liked4 只要：While there is life there is hope十一 “不但而且”的英语表达法not onlybut also not o
11、nlybutas well not onlybutnot merelybut not onlyalso not justbutnot onlybutalso not merelybutas well 另外，也可以单独使用not only，把but和also都省略。 He plays not only the piano，but also the violin He speaks not merely for Americas black people but for all of us everywhere The world is not only hungry，it is also thi
12、rsty for waterMan wants to know not just the fact that he should plant in the spring，but why spring always follows winterWater is not only the most common liquid in the world，but it is also the most importantThe PLA is not merely a fighting force，but a working force and a production corps as well Sh
13、e was not only compelled to stay at home，she was forbidden to see her friends 当“not onlybut also”连接两个分句时，第一个分句主谓要求倒装。Not only does the sun gives us light but it gives us heat十二 作“好像、如同”解时as和like的用法差异当as和like作“好像、如同”解时，as是连词，引导方式状语从句，而like是介词，其后可以跟名词或代词，构成介词短语，可用作句中的表语、定语或状语。 Do it as I have told you I am very like my brother I beg you not to say anything like that to my parents在口语中，尤其是在非正式的美国英语中，常把like用作连词代替as。Do like I say学科网（北京）股份有限公司