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1、Instrumental Motivation(工具型学习动机）Instrumental motivation refers to learners who treat the acquisition of a second language only as a means to achieve certain aims.The individual himself does not have the interest or the environment to use his mother tongue for the interaction with others.工具型动机是第二语言习得
2、者对外语本身并无兴趣或没有与讲母语的人进行交际的条件,学习外语只是作为达到其他目的的手段或工具,在闭塞的条件下,工具性动机会显示出较大的作用。因为,在此环境下,它是人们学习外语的唯一动力。Example:Getting a better jobPassing an examinationMeeting the requirements for school or university graduationlBeing more successful in business dealings with native speakerslReading technical material lAch
3、ieving higher social status 结合我国的实际情况，由于受外语教学环境中西语言和文化的差异学习方法等因素的影响，绝大多数外语学习者持工具型动机。Integrative motivation(融入型，原发型动机）Learning the L2 in order to take part in culture of its people.When learners want to learn a language to become part of a speech community(integrate一体化 n.).学习者想参与到某种文化中。或当学习者想融入某种语言社区
4、，与其一体化。People who immigrate to new countries are some examples of people who may want to identify with the community around them.An important aspect of this form of language learning is using language for social interaction.This form of motivation is thought to produce success in language learners.T
5、his is often compared to instrumental motivation.Peirces social theory of L2 acquisitionL2 acquisition=struggle+investment=engage with native speakers+prepare well to challengeSuccessful learner=reflect critically+construct and assert social identitiesThe resultshowsthatinstrumentalmotivationplaysaf
6、armoreimportant rolein college students oral Englishlearningthanintegrativemotivationdoes.研究结果显示：工具型动机在学生英语口语学习中所起的作用远比融入型动机大Among theseGardnersmotivationtheoryemphasizestheinfluenceofintegrative motivationonlanguagelearningandhas much impacton the afterwards researches.语言学习社会教育动机理论强调融入型动机对语言学习的作用，对第二外语学习动机的研究影响深远。