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1、Module 4 Great Scientists 伟大的科学家.单词盘单词盘点点根据根据词词性和性和汉语汉语意思写出意思写出词汇词汇1._(n.)人物人物2._(vt.)出版出版3._(vt.)支持支持4._(vt.)取代;以取代;以代替代替figurepublishsupportreplace5._(n.)数量数量6._(vi.)逃跑;逃避逃跑;逃避7._(adj.)直的直的8._(vi.)(烟(烟雾雾)消散)消散9._(n.)生生产产者者_(vt.)生生产产_(n.)产产量量quantityescapestraightclearproducerproduceproduction10._(
2、adj.)主主要要的的_(vt.)领领导导;引引导导_(n.)领导领导;领领袖袖11._(vt.)教教育育_(n.)教教育育_(n.)教教育家;教育工作者育家;教育工作者12._(adj.)原原 来来 的的;最最 初初 的的 _(n.)起起 源源_(v.)起源起源13._(vt.)出口出口_(vt.)(反(反义词义词)进进口口14._(adj.)简简短短的的;简简洁洁的的_(adv.)简简短短地地;简简洁洁地地leadingleadleadereducateeducationeducatororiginaloriginoriginateexportimportbriefbriefly15._(
3、adj.)身身体体的的;物物理理学学的的_(adv.)身身体上,身体上地体上,身体上地16._(vi.)毕毕业业;(n.)毕毕业业生生_(n.)毕毕业业physicalphysicallygraduategraduation【品品词词自自测测】根据所根据所给词给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空This factory_computers.Its _ is optimistic about the _ and sale.(produce)The government is attaching more importance to _ the younger generation.In a sens
4、e,it is the duty of every _ to do what they can for the cause of _ of China.(educate)producesproducerproductioneducatingeducatoreducation.短短语语回放回放1.培养;养育培养;养育 _2.引引进进;带带来来 _3.由于由于的的结结果果 _4.把把转转化化为为 _5.因因而出名而出名/闻闻名名 _bring upbring inas a result ofconvert.to.be known for6.被被诊诊断患有断患有疾病疾病 _7.谋谋生生 _ 8.偶然
5、;碰巧偶然;碰巧 _9.掌掌权权 _be diagnosed withearn ones livingby accidentcome to power.句式句式扫扫描描1.He thought that _(解决人解决人们们吃吃饭问饭问题题的关的关键键)was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.2._(坐在坐在轮轮椅上来移椅上来移动动身体,借助于一台特殊的身体,借助于一台特殊的电脑电脑来来讲话讲话),he has become the voice of science.the key to feeding peopleMoving
6、 in a wheelchair and speaking through a specialcomputer3.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped _(使火箭保持运使火箭保持运动动状状态态)in a straight direction.4.Or was he carried miles into space,_(成了世界上第一个宇航成了世界上第一个宇航员员)?keep the rocket movingbecoming the worldsfirst astronaut【仿句自仿句自测测】根据下面句式仿写句子根据下面句式
7、仿写句子the key to(doing)sth.做某事的关做某事的关键键;开;开的的钥钥匙匙仿写:仿写:记忆记忆大量的大量的单词单词是提高你的英是提高你的英语语的关的关键键。_Memorizing a large number of words is the key to improvingyour English.keep+宾语宾语+doing(作(作宾语补宾语补足足语语)仿仿写写:因因为为缺缺少少资资金金的的支支持持(financial support),我我发发现现很很难难使公司正常运行。使公司正常运行。_Short of financial support,I found it di
8、fficult to keep thecompany going smoothly.现现在分在分词词充当充当结结果状果状语语仿仿写写:欧欧洲洲的的许许多多机机场场被被关关闭闭,结结果果造造成成数数千千名名乘乘客客圣圣诞诞节节前前不能回家。不能回家。_Many airports in Europe were closed down,stopping thousandsof passengers from returning home before Christmas.核核心心要要点点support 三年三年1考考quantity 三年三年1考考clear 三年三年2考考1.support vt.
9、&n.支持;支持;维维持;供养;支撑持;供养;支撑(1)support sb.in sth.在某一方面支持某人在某一方面支持某人support a plan/proposal/reform 支持某支持某项计项计划划/建建议议/改革改革support a family 养家糊口养家糊口(2)come to ones support 支持某人支持某人in support of sb./sth.支持某人或某物支持某人或某物Many people in the country supported the political reform.这这个国家中有个国家中有许许多人支持政治改革。多人支持政治改革。
10、The old man entered the hall,supported by his two sons.在他两个儿子的在他两个儿子的搀搀扶下,老人走扶下,老人走进进了大了大厅厅。Young as he is,he has a big family to support.尽管他很年尽管他很年轻轻,他却要养活一大家子人。,他却要养活一大家子人。Several experts have spoken _ _ _ the ban on drunk driving.几位几位专专家都表示支持禁止酒后家都表示支持禁止酒后驾车驾车。insupportof【真真题题链链接接】2010浙浙江江,4The m
11、ajority of people in the town strongly _ the plan to build a playground for children.A.consider B.supportC.confirm D.submit【解解析析】选选B。考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。句句意意:镇镇上上的的大大多多数数人人都都强强烈烈支支持持为为孩孩子子们们建建操操场场的的方方案案。support 支支持持,支支撑撑;consider 考考虑,认为;虑,认为;confirm 证实;证实;submit 使服从,提交。使服从,提交。2.quantity n.数量;量;大量数量;量;大量a l
12、arge quantity of 大量的大量的large quantities of 大量的;大量的;许许多的多的in quantity 大量地大量地A large quantity of good soil is washed away by rain every year.每年都有大量的好土壤被雨水冲走。每年都有大量的好土壤被雨水冲走。Quantities of money have been spent in bringing up the three children.抚抚养养这这三个孩子已三个孩子已经经花掉了花掉了许许多的多的钱钱。We can offer you a better
13、price if you can buy it _.如果你能大量如果你能大量购买购买,我,我们们能能给给你一个更好的价格。你一个更好的价格。in quantity【点点津津】(1)a quantity of或或quantities of后后既既可可以以接接可可数数名名词词,也可以接不可数名也可以接不可数名词词;(2)a quantity of+n.作作主主语语时时,谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数形形式式取取决决于于of之后的名之后的名词词;(3)quantities of+n.作作主主语语时时,不不论论of之之后后的的名名词词是是单单数数还还是是复复数,数,谓语动词谓语动词都要用复数形式。都
14、要用复数形式。3.escape v.&n.逃跑;逃脱;逃避逃跑;逃脱;逃避(1)escape from.从从逃走逃走escape doing sth.逃避做某事逃避做某事escape ones attention/notice 逃逃过过某人的注意某人的注意(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生九死一生make ones escape 逃脱;逃走逃脱;逃走a fire escape 紧紧急出口,安全急出口,安全门门 A prisoner is reported to have escaped from a prison in Henan Province last Friday
15、.据据报报道,上周五一名囚犯从河南的一座道,上周五一名囚犯从河南的一座监狱监狱潜逃了。潜逃了。The driver narrowly escaped being killed in the traffic accident.司机司机险险些在些在这这起交通事故中起交通事故中丧丧生。生。【熟词生义熟词生义】根据根据语语境境选择选择最佳最佳汉汉意:意:Seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the pipe,the man sounded the alarm.A.漏出,渗出,逸出漏出,渗出,逸出 B.逃脱,逃跑逃脱,逃跑 C.避免避免I remembered s
16、eeing him somewhere before,but his name escaped my memory for the moment.A.逃逸,逃逸,躲躲避避 B.忘掉,被忘掉,被遗遗忘忘C.省略,省略,删删去去答案:答案:A B 4.clear vt.使清澈;使清楚;使清澈;使清楚;扫扫清清 vi.(烟(烟雾雾)消散)消散;变变清澈;(天)清澈;(天)变变晴晴 adj.清澈的;晴朗的;清晰的;清澈的;晴朗的;清晰的;畅畅通的通的clear away 清除;清除;驱驱散;拿走;收拾散;拿走;收拾clear up 放晴;整理;清理;打放晴;整理;清理;打扫扫clear ones th
17、roat (说话说话前前)清嗓子清嗓子make.clear 阐阐明;清楚表明明;清楚表明The rain cleared the air.雨水使空气雨水使空气变变得清新。得清新。We started our journey shortly after the heavy fog cleared.大大雾雾消散之后,我消散之后,我们们立刻开始了我立刻开始了我们们的行程。的行程。His words cleared my mind of doubt.他的他的话话消除了我心里的疑消除了我心里的疑虑虑。Have you _ _ your books from the table?你把你的你把你的书书都从桌
18、上拿走了都从桌上拿走了吗吗?Its raining now,but I think it will _ _ soon.天天还还在下雨,不在下雨,不过过我想天很快就会放晴。我想天很快就会放晴。clearedawayclear e to power=come into power掌掌权权;上台;开始;上台;开始执执政政The new government came to/into power last December.新政府去年新政府去年12月开始月开始执执政。政。执执政;当政;当权权在某人的在某人的权权力力/能力范能力范围围内内超出某人的超出某人的权权力力/能力所及能力所及【拓展拓展】翻翻译译
19、以下短以下短语语:be in power _in/within ones power _beyond/out of ones power _【点津点津】(1)come to power与与be in power都表示都表示“执执政,掌政,掌权权”,但前者表示,但前者表示动动作,不能与表示作,不能与表示时间时间段的短段的短语连语连用;后者表用;后者表示存在的状示存在的状态态,可以与表示可以与表示时间时间段的短段的短语连语连用。用。(2)有有类类似似用用法法的的结结构构还还包包括括:get married与与be married;catch fire与与be on fire;take charge
20、 of与与be in charge of;fall in love with与与be in love with等等,在在这这些些短短语语中中前前者者表表示示动动作作,后后者表示状者表示状态态。6.He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.他他认认为为,解解决决人人们们吃吃饭饭问问题题的的关关键键是是拥拥有有更更多多的的稻稻米米,并并且且能能更快地生更快地生产产出来。出来。本本句句中中that引引导导宾宾语语从从句句,宾宾语语从从句句的的主主语语是是
21、the key to feeding people,to have more rice和和to produce it more quickly 为为不不定定式式短短语语,在句中充当表,在句中充当表语语,对对主主语进语进行解行解释说释说明。明。(1)不定式作表)不定式作表语时语时,如果句子主,如果句子主语语部分含有部分含有实义动词实义动词do的的形式,形式,则则充当表充当表语语的不定式可以省略不定式符号的不定式可以省略不定式符号to。The work of a mailman is to deliver letters and newspapers.邮递员邮递员的工作是的工作是递递送信件和送信件
22、和报纸报纸。His dream is to attend a famous university.他的梦想是就他的梦想是就读读一所著名的大学。一所著名的大学。The only thing you need to do is _ _ _.你惟一需要做的事就是你惟一需要做的事就是给给苹果去皮。苹果去皮。peel theapple(2)本句中的)本句中的key意意为为“关关键键”,其后的,其后的to为为介介词词,之后可接名,之后可接名词词、动动名名词词或代或代词词。Planning very carefully is the key to making the conference successf
23、ul.计计划周密是使划周密是使这这次会次会议议成功的关成功的关键键。Healthy eating is _ _ _ _ _.健康健康饮饮食是健康的关食是健康的关键键。the keyto good health【想一想想一想】所学的所学的“名名词词+介介词词to”结结构构还还有哪些?有哪些?【拓展延伸拓展延伸】名词名词+介词介词to构成的短语还有:构成的短语还有:an access to 接近;有权使用;通向接近;有权使用;通向的入口的入口the answer to的答案的答案the entrance to的入口的入口an approach to的方法的方法/途径途径an attitude to
24、对对的态度的态度a solution to的解决方案的解决方案7.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.这这些管子被些管子被绑绑在一根在一根长长木棍上,木棍上,这这根木棍能使火箭沿直根木棍能使火箭沿直线线前前进进。句句中中的的keep the rocket moving.为为keep的的复复合合结结构构,即即“keep+宾语宾语+v.-ing”的形式。的形式。“keep+宾宾语语+宾宾语语补补足足语语”结结构构中中,宾宾语语补补足足语
25、语可可以以是是介介词词短短语语、名名词词、形容、形容词词、分、分词词等,但高考主要考等,但高考主要考查查分分词词,其用法如下:,其用法如下:(1)keep+宾语宾语+过过去分去分词词,过过去分去分词词和和宾语宾语构成被构成被动动关系。关系。(2)keep+宾语宾语+现现在分在分词词,现现在分在分词词和和宾语宾语构成主构成主动动关系。关系。How can you keep him working without a break even for a minute?你怎么能你怎么能让让他一直工作,甚至他一直工作,甚至连连一分一分钟钟都不能休息呢?都不能休息呢?Dont keep us in sus
26、pensewhat happened next?别别跟我跟我们卖们卖关子了关子了然后然后发发生了什么事?生了什么事?Children are requested to _ the classroom _ _ _.孩子孩子们们被要求保持教室整被要求保持教室整洁洁干干净净。keeptidyand clean【真真题题链链接接】2011重重庆庆,33Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _of his own dreams.A.reminding B.to remindC.reminded D.remi
27、nd【解解析析】选选C。考考查查动动词词和和动动词词短短语语。句句意意:迈迈克克尔尔在在床床边边挂挂了了一一张张姚姚明明的的照照片片以以便便时时刻刻使使自自己己记记得得自自己己的的梦梦想想。keep+宾宾语语+宾宾补补(使使处处于于某某种种状状态态),后后面面的的宾宾补补可可以以是是形形容容词词、副副词词、介介词词短短语语、现现在在分分词词或或过过去去分分词词,过过去去分分词词和和宾宾语语之之间间是是逻逻辑辑上上的的动动宾宾关关系系也也就就是是被被动动关关系系,现现在在分分词词和和宾宾语语之之间间是是逻逻辑辑上上的的主主动动关关系系;remind sb.of sth.使使某某人人想想起起某某事
28、事或或提提醒醒某某人人某某事事,由由该该结结构构可可以以看看出出,himself与与remind之之间间为为被被动动关关系系,故选故选C。【想想一一想想】“动动词词+宾宾语语+宾宾语语补补足足语语”结结构构是是高高考考试试题题中中常常考考的的知知识识点点,在在此此结结构构中中除除keep外外,可可接接分分词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词还还有哪些?有哪些?【拓展延伸拓展延伸】高高考考中中经经常常涉涉及及的的可可以以接接过过去去分分词词或或现现在在分分词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动词有:动词有:在在高高考考中中要要特特别别关关注注以以下下可可以以接接现现在在分分词词或或过过去去分分词
29、词充充当当宾宾语语补足语的动词:补足语的动词:find,leave,feel,see,hear,have,get。(注注意意make通通常常只只以以过过去去分分词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语,少少见见以以现现在在分分词词作宾语补足语作宾语补足语)(1)现现在分在分词词作作结结果状果状语语(2)现现在分在分词词作伴随状作伴随状语语(3)as a result of和和as a result的区的区别别1.2012唐唐山山模模拟拟After the earthquake,the electricity supply failed,_ the cooling system break downA.ha
30、ving made B.makingC.made D.to make【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意:地地震震后后,电电力力供供应应停停止止了了,结结果果造造成成冷冷却却系系统统崩崩溃溃。making the cooling system break down在句中充当结果状语。在句中充当结果状语。2.At midnight the boy woke up _ badly sick with his back hurting severely.A.felt B.feelingC.to feel D.having felt【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词
31、。句句意意:半半夜夜,男男孩孩醒醒了了,他他背背痛痛得得非非常常厉厉害害,感感到到非非常常难难受受。在在句句中中feel与与句句子子的的主主语语the boy为为逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓关关系系,且且与与woke up动动作作同同时时发发生生,故故要要用用现在分词作伴随状语。现在分词作伴随状语。3.选词选词填空(填空(as a result of/as a result)He fell off the bike and hurt his leg yesterday._,he had to be away from school for two or three months.He is unable to go to work_ the fall from the horse.As a resultas a result of