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1、精致课堂中考英语选词填空技巧本讲稿第一页,共三十四页课标要求课标要求在考试中,词汇试题主要是考查学生掌握所学词在考试中,词汇试题主要是考查学生掌握所学词汇的程度。它要求考生必须掌握课程标准所要求的词汇的程度。它要求考生必须掌握课程标准所要求的词汇,尤其是重点词汇的语义和用法,以根据句意选择汇,尤其是重点词汇的语义和用法,以根据句意选择所给词的正确形式填空。所给词的正确形式填空。1.能熟练地运用基本拼读规则拼写单词,并能根据所学能熟练地运用基本拼读规则拼写单词,并能根据所学的构词法判断和记忆派生词和合成词的词形和词义。的构词法判断和记忆派生词和合成词的词形和词义。2.学会使用学会使用1500-1
2、600个单词和个单词和200-300个习惯用语或固个习惯用语或固定搭配,能够在实际语言环境中做到活学活用。定搭配,能够在实际语言环境中做到活学活用。3.理解和领会词语的基本含义以及特定语境中的意义及用理解和领会词语的基本含义以及特定语境中的意义及用法。法。本讲稿第二页,共三十四页它是在一篇语意完整的短文中有它是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制目的地制造一些空格造一些空格(障碍物),造成信息链(语(障碍物),造成信息链(语义)的中断,让考生在理解短文的基础上,义)的中断,让考生在理解短文的基础上,综合运用综合运用所学知识和常识,对每个题的备所学知识和常识,对每个题的备选项作出选项作出合理的分析、
3、判断合理的分析、判断,选出,选出最佳答最佳答案案,将空格处缺失的信息补充完整,使重,将空格处缺失的信息补充完整,使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明,逻辑严密,文意新构建的文章主旨鲜明,逻辑严密,文意通畅。通畅。本讲稿第三页,共三十四页1词汇是学习英语的基础,也是中考的高频考点之一。近几年来,许多省市的中考英语都非常重视考生在具体语境中运用词汇能力的考查,词汇部分在历年中考题中约占总分值的5%10%。2命题特点:主要考查一些高频词汇(如名词、动词、形容词等);考查各类词形变化;考查六种时态的正确运用。3考查题型:根据句意及汉语提示拼写单词;根据句意及首字母提示写出正确单词;用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空;
4、用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。4预计2015年中考将会加大对各类词汇的灵活运用及单词拼写能力的考查。本讲稿第四页,共三十四页1做此类题目首先要正确写出所给汉语提示所对应的英语词汇。2若有两个以上的词汇符合所给的汉语意思,则要根据具体语境及固定搭配形式进行取舍。3然后从语法角度确定英语词汇的适当形式。若填写的是名词,就要注意用名词的单数还是复数;若填写的是形容词、副词,就要注意是否需要用比较级或最高级形式;如果是动词,就要注意它们的时态、语态等。本讲稿第五页,共三十四页词语运用(短文填空)是河南省中考英语自词语运用(短文填空)是河南省中考英语自2008年出现的新题型,一直沿用至今。它建立
5、在完形年出现的新题型,一直沿用至今。它建立在完形填空和阅读理解的基础上,但要难于完形和阅读,因填空和阅读理解的基础上,但要难于完形和阅读,因为它需要考试不仅能够选中所需填的词,还要给出正为它需要考试不仅能够选中所需填的词,还要给出正确的形式。确的形式。一般短文填空的一般短文填空的题材为记叙文和说明文题材为记叙文和说明文。做此题一般需要做此题一般需要8分钟分钟左右,一定不能超过左右,一定不能超过10分钟。分钟。本讲稿第六页,共三十四页常考查点为:常考查点为:1动词动词2名词名词3形容词形容词4副词副词5代词代词6数词数词7连词连词8介词介词(冠词和感叹词不考)(冠词和感叹词不考)本讲稿第七页,共
6、三十四页1动词:动词:4-5个,包括谓语动词的个,包括谓语动词的数数、时时态、非谓语态、非谓语ing、ed、(to)do,注意个别的拼写,如,注意个别的拼写,如stopped;2名词:名词:2个左右,包括单复数(个左右,包括单复数(-s),名词所有格(),名词所有格(s/s),词性的转换等;),词性的转换等;3形容词:形容词:2-3个,考查个,考查原级、比较级、最高级原级、比较级、最高级,词性转换,词性转换等;等;4副词:副词:1-2个,考查修饰动词、句子等,个,考查修饰动词、句子等,常由形容词派生而常由形容词派生而来来(hard-hard;good-well;careful-carefull
7、y);5代词:代词:1个,考查不定代词、个,考查不定代词、物主代词物主代词、人称代词的主格、人称代词的主格、宾格,反身代词宾格,反身代词等,一般由意思决定;等,一般由意思决定;6数词:数词:1个,常考查判断是个,常考查判断是序数词序数词还是基数词;还是基数词;7连词:连词:1个,考查句子间的逻辑关系;个,考查句子间的逻辑关系;8介词:介词:1个,常考查固定短语搭配。个,常考查固定短语搭配。本讲稿第八页,共三十四页做题步骤:做题步骤:1预读短文,了解大意:预读短文,了解大意:速度短文,不填空。了解文章的大速度短文,不填空。了解文章的大意、重要的动作时态;意、重要的动作时态;2逐一填空,仔细对比:
8、逐一填空,仔细对比:每一个空都要比较所有的备选词,每一个空都要比较所有的备选词,只要意思和语法都通的就都填上,把备选单词一个一个勾只要意思和语法都通的就都填上,把备选单词一个一个勾划掉;选定单词后,确定正确的形式。划掉;选定单词后,确定正确的形式。3通读短文,复查答案:通读短文,复查答案:站在短文中心意思的立场上,确立站在短文中心意思的立场上,确立每个空所填的单词,逐个检查形式,可以从以往的经验去判断。每个空所填的单词,逐个检查形式,可以从以往的经验去判断。重点检查内容:重点检查内容:1大小写大小写2名词单复数名词单复数3动词时态动词时态4形容词比较级形容词比较级5多余词多余词本讲稿第九页,共
9、三十四页确立答案方法:确立答案方法:1意思优先原则意思优先原则通过把备选词的意思逐个带入空中,先确定填哪个词,在确通过把备选词的意思逐个带入空中,先确定填哪个词,在确定它的形式。定它的形式。通过意思很容易读出,通过意思很容易读出,“他不会告诉任何人,除了我和你他不会告诉任何人,除了我和你”,直接可以找到,直接可以找到except。need,animal,I,put,make,except,find,end,look,since,little,enoughSoIthinkhewillnottellanybody_9_youandmeaboutwhathefound本讲稿第十页,共三十四页确立答案
10、方法:确立答案方法:2语法优先原则语法优先原则首先通过分析句子的结构,然后判断空处所填的词性,然后首先通过分析句子的结构,然后判断空处所填的词性,然后在备选项中逐个筛选。在备选项中逐个筛选。通过句子结构可知通过句子结构可知new后应该是一个名词,充当后应该是一个名词,充当are的主的主语,而且是复数形式。因此,备选项中可数的名词只有语,而且是复数形式。因此,备选项中可数的名词只有word和和example,显然,显然words的意思最通。的意思最通。French,same,word,Chinese,example,many,why,great,much,what,another,tellLan
11、guageschangewithtimeandtheworld.SodoesEnglish.New_1_areborrowedfromotherlanguages.本讲稿第十一页,共三十四页*在未复查完成之前,不要草率地把答案写在答在未复查完成之前,不要草率地把答案写在答题横线上,一旦有错误,不好更改,因此建议做题横线上,一旦有错误,不好更改,因此建议做题时可以直接填在原文中的空处,最后做完题可题时可以直接填在原文中的空处,最后做完题可以把答案誊抄在答题横线上。以把答案誊抄在答题横线上。本讲稿第十二页,共三十四页词语填空(共10小题。计10分)2008年 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文
12、通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)。like,before,open,big,you,instead,watch,too,be,toothHot Tips for a Good Nights Sleep If youre fired,youd better hot stay up lateSleep is lovelyenjoy it!Have a fixed bedtime It makes _feel calm if everything is in order before you sleepSo brush your _,wash your face,_the window and
13、go to bedYour mind will take in all the cue(提示)that its time to go the land of dreams and Youll be sleeping _a baby in no time Gotobedwhenyouretired!If youre feeling really tired,go to bedDont stay up to _a late show,dont try to do a bit more workand dont plan to stay at your friends place _lateGo t
14、o bedSayyestomilk If you want a bedtime snack,have something calming and sleepyA glass of warm milk will help to sleep betterAnd try not to eat a _meal too close to bedtime,which keeps you awakeTurnofftheTV TV programmes make you excitedDont watch anything for an hour _you go to bedListen to some re
15、laxing music_!It will send you to sleep in no time at all All the tips above _for a good nights sleepYour bodys going to thank you very much for ityouteethopenlikewatchtoobigarebeforeinstead本讲稿第十三页,共三十四页词语填空(共10小题,计10分)2009年用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)。pick less which color true visit witho
16、ut toy because longerHowtobeaGreenOneWhat does it mean to be green?“Green”is more than just a _.It also means taking special steps to protect the environment land,and the air we breathe.Why green?Plants are green,and _them the Earth wouldnt be such a lovely human beings.Heres a four-step guide to be
17、ing green:ReduceIt!When you use less of something,you do for the Earth.For example,a shorter shower means you use _water and less fuel(燃料)_your house uses fuel to run the water heater that warms up the water.ReuseIt!Sometimes were a little too willing to things and buy new things.Many times,if you n
18、o _need something,someone else just might need it.For example,if your baby brother grows out of_,why not give them to another has a little kid?RecycleIt!Recycling has never been easier.Many people will _it up right in front of your house and they will need it.Tell your mom or dad become“Head of Recy
19、cling”for your house.That means youll take the recyclable things in dustbins tell others _things can be recycled.EnjoyIt!Its _that pollution is a problem remains a huge and beautiful place for you to go and study.You can start by _the naturally beautiful places in your hometown.Go for a hike,visit l
20、ocal nature centers and gardens,climb up mountains and so on.color without less becauselongertoyspickwhichtruevisiting本讲稿第十四页,共三十四页词语填空词语填空(共10小题,计10分)2010年用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)。however,before,name,well,worst,notice,also,twice,and,give NamingtheBabyParents always think their babies a
21、re very special.They want others to _their children.For this reason,they sometimes give their children unusual_.They may choose names such as Chelma,Ukiah,Brianna,or Elvira.There are some advantages to this practice.A child who is _an uncommon name may feel special from childhood._,sometimes we reme
22、mber people with unusual names _than we remember people with ordinary names._,unusual names can cause problems.They can be hard for teachers and friends to pronounce.They can also be hard to spell,_computers may automatically(自动地)change them.For example,Jule may become July.Some people may have a ba
23、d impression on an unusual name _they even meet the person._of all,other children sometimes dont like kids with uncommon names.The message for parents is,“Think _before you give your child an unusual name.”noticenamesgivenAlsobetterHoweverandbeforeWorsttwice本讲稿第十五页,共三十四页VI词语填空(共词语填空(共15小题,计小题,计15分)(
24、分)(2011年)年)用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次入America,week,ask,be,happy,and,get,for,they,of,but,do,day,teacher,friendStudents in the United States are still enjoying their holidays.Christmas is over,but school _not begin again for another _Before they return,these is still another important holida
25、ythe first _of the New Year.It is the last night of the old year,however,that people celebrate the most.Almost everyone is _to a party.It is nice to be with _when you say goodbye to the old year.The people at the parties _dancing and singing.Most of them look _.They are wearing paper hats _ making n
26、oise.It is _close to midnight now and everyone is stopping to watch the clock.At exactly midnight everyone cheers.A new year is beginning.Everyone is hoping _a very good new Year.For many young _,like my English _ son and daughter,this is a time of the year to think about the future.They make a list
27、 _things that they hope to do.They promise to stop smoking,to lose weight,to save _money or to do something else that is good.They call these promises resolutions(决心做的事)。Some people remember their resolutions all year long,_many others forget them.doesweekdayaskedfriendsarehappy andgettingforAmerica
28、nsteacherstheirofbut本讲稿第十六页,共三十四页本讲稿第十七页,共三十四页1.材料选取。材料选取。从考查的材料来看,短文填空主要选取反映学生学习、生活、心理体会的文章;其次,以社会热点、名人事迹为辅、风土人情;再次,选取一般故事性的短文。本讲稿第十八页,共三十四页2.难度控制。从短文的词汇数量上来看,一篇短文填空的词汇量一般在180230个个左右。从考查的词汇而言,主要是大纲要求的四会词语四会词语(即重点词汇),不要求掌握的词汇、一般词汇,通常不作为考查的对象。本讲稿第十九页,共三十四页3.考点的设置。短文填空的考点设置,主要以名词、动词、形容词副词、介词、连词为主要考查对象
29、,在短文的布局上遵循首句、末句不设空;不逐句设空的原则;每段设置23个空;在设空的同时,注意前后暗示和上下文相互暗示的原则。本讲稿第二十页,共三十四页本讲稿第二十一页,共三十四页做短文填空试题,考生需要具备正确拼写所学单词的能力,具有一定的语法基础知识,掌握一定的阅读方法,这样做起题才得心应手。下面介绍一些方法供大家在答题时运用。本讲稿第二十二页,共三十四页一观察:一观察:观察方框中所给的词汇,和所给考题的材料取向。本讲稿第二十三页,共三十四页二归类:二归类:对方框中所给的词汇进行词性分类。熟悉英语常见实词变化形式和常见语法要点,尤其弄清楚它们在句中分别充当何种句子成分。本讲稿第二十四页,共三
30、十四页三发散:三发散:对各词进行发散性思维,构建“知识树”,初步了解词义。.掌握词类转换的基本知识和词形变化规则,掌握词类转换的基本知识和词形变化规则,尤其是不规则变化,如尤其是不规则变化,如carecarefulcarefully;childchildren(childrens),),farfartherfarthest等。等。.词汇的掌握要做到音、形、义相结合,即:词义清晰、词汇的掌握要做到音、形、义相结合,即:词义清晰、拼写准确、灵活运用。如看到所给的词是名词,则马上拼写准确、灵活运用。如看到所给的词是名词,则马上要想到其单复数、名词所有格等问题。要想到其单复数、名词所有格等问题。本讲稿
31、第二十五页,共三十四页词根:词性词根:词性n.可数可数单数单数复数复数不可数不可数形容词形容词副词副词比较级比较级最高级最高级名词所有格名词所有格名词名词名词名词本讲稿第二十六页,共三十四页词根:动词词根:动词谓语动词谓语动词动词原形动词原形动词三单动词三单过去式过去式过去分词过去分词非谓语动词非谓语动词(原形)(原形)动词原形动词原形动名词动名词过去分词过去分词名词名词名词单数名词单数名词复数名词复数本讲稿第二十七页,共三十四页词根:代词词根:代词主格主格宾格宾格形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词反身代词本讲稿第二十八页,共三十四页四通读:四通读:跳过空格,
32、通读全文,了解大意。从整体入手了解内容大意,尤其关注文章首尾句,以便迅速抓住文章主旨,猜测作者的意图、观点。在明确了主要信息之后,结合细节进行分析、推理、归纳,从而把握住文章的中心,从而确定用什么样的词汇来补充缺失的信息最佳。本讲稿第二十九页,共三十四页五关键:五关键:做好句法分析,找出空前空后的关键词。通过句法分析弄清要填的词在句中充当的成分,是主语、谓语还是宾语等。如果是充当主语、宾语或表语,则大多需填名词或代词。如果是作谓语的则应填动词。定语的多为形容词,状语的多为副词等等。(即:根据句意,确定词性;根据结构,确定词形。)本讲稿第三十页,共三十四页六检查:六检查:带入原文,复读检查。本讲
33、稿第三十一页,共三十四页短文填词答题技巧口诀短文填词答题技巧口诀空前空后要注意,空前空后要注意,“名词名词”单、复数要牢记,单、复数要牢记,还有还有s不能弃。不能弃。“动词动词”注意要变形,注意要变形,“皇帝皇帝”、“大臣大臣”要分清。要分清。“形、副形、副”注意要用三级,注意要用三级,副词用法要谨记副词用法要谨记.。本讲稿第三十二页,共三十四页要用要用“数词数词”请留意,请留意,千万别忘千万别忘“基基”和和“序序”。填入填入“代词代词”需慎重,需慎重,五格变化记心中。五格变化记心中。本讲稿第三十三页,共三十四页well,soft,second,better,may,strongly,afra
34、id,sand,stay up,if,now,house We cant stop an earthquake(地震),but we can do things to make sure they dont destroy(毁坏)whole cities.First,it is not a 1._ idea to build houses along lines where 2._ of the earths plates(板块)join together.Second,if you think there 3._ be an earthquake,it is better to build
35、houses on rocks,not on 4._.Third,you must make the houses as 5._ as possible.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake,but strong ones may 6._.Scientists are 7._ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(旧金山).They call it“The Big One”.However,people today are still building more 8._ .The population in and around San Francisco is 9._ ten times more than it was in 1906.This means that 10._ there is another earthquake,a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.goodtwomaysandstrongstayupafraidhousesnowif本讲稿第三十四页,共三十四页