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1、Unit4TheNightingaleandtheRose教学目的：通过夜莺与玫瑰使学生对神话故事中的爱情展开讨论并理解作者OscarWilde透过表面的神话故事所隐含的对人生的评论。教学内容：作者及背景知识介绍；文章结构及写作风格、技巧赏析；掌握重点词汇及完成练习；教学重点：识别关键词汇及分析理解难句。教学方法:讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、作业等。Unit4TheNightingaleandtheRoseI.BackgroundKnowledgeAbouttheauthor:OscarWildesearlyschoolyearsIn1871,OscarwasawardedaRoyalSch
2、oolScholarshiptoTrinityCollegeinDublin.Again,hedidparticularlywellinClassics,earningfirstinhisexaminationsin1872andearningthehighesthonortheCollegecouldbestowonanundergraduate-aFoundationScholarship.In1874,OscarcrownedhissuccessesatTrinitywithtwofinalachievements.HewontheCollegesBerkeleyGoldMedalfor
3、GreekandwasawardedascholarshiptoMagdalenCollege,Oxford.1874-1878,HehadabrilliantcareeratOxford,wherehewonthePrizeforEnglishverseforapoem.EvenbeforehelefttheUniversityin1878Wildehadbecomeknownasoneofthemostaffectedoftheprofessorsoftheaestheticcraze,andforseveralyearsitwasasthetypicalaesthetethathekep
4、thimselfbeforethenoticeofthepublic.OscarWildesworksPoems1881TheHappyPrinceAndOtherTales1888DorianGray1890TheHouseOfPomegranates1891TheBalladofReadingGoal1898Plays:LadyWindermeresFan1892.AWomanofNoImportance1893.AnIdealHusband1895TheImportanceofBeingEarnest1895Criticism:amanoffargreateroriginalityand
5、powerofmindthanmanyoftheapostlesofaestheticismundoubtedtalentsinmanydirectionsasatypicalaesthetethathekepthimselfbeforethenoticeofthepublicapoetofgracefuldictionplaywrightofskillandsubtlehumoradramatistwhoseplayshadallthecharacteristicsofhisconversationsAllthesepieceshadthesamequalities-aparadoxical
6、humourandapervertedoutlookonlifebeingthemostprominent.Theywerepackedwithwittysayings,andtheauthorsclevernessgavehimatonceapositioninthedramaticworldOscarWildesbeliefOscarWildesbeliefArtforartssakeArtforartssakeTheonlypurposeoftheartistisart,notreligion,orscience,orinterest.Hewhopaintsorwritesonlyfor
7、financialreturnortopropagandizepoliticalandeconomicinterestscanonlyarousefeelingofdisgust.QuotesfromOscarWildesWorks:QuotesfromOscarWildesWorks:QuotesonMenQuotesonMenMenbecomeold,buttheyneverbecomegood.LadyWindermeresFan.Richbachelorsshouldbeheavilytaxed.Itisnotfairthatsomemenshouldbehappierthanothe
8、rs.InConversation.Menarehorriblytediouswhentheyaregoodhusbands,andabominablyconceitedwhentheyarenot.AWomanofNoImportance.LadyWindermere:.Idontlikecompliments,andIdontseewhyamanshouldthinkheispleasingawomanenormouslywhenhesaystoherawhileheapofthingsthathedoesntmean.LadyWindermeresFan.QuotesonWomanOne
9、shouldnevertrustawomanwhotellsoneherrealage.Awomanwhowouldtellonethat,wouldtelloneanything.AWomanofNoImportance.Cryingistherefugeofplainwomenbuttheruinofprettyones.LadyWindermeresFan.Womenknowlifetoolate.Thatisthedifferencebetweenmenandwomen.AWomanofNoImportance.Womenaremeanttobeloved,nottobeunderst
10、ood.TheSphinxWithoutaSecret.QuotesonLoveOneshouldalwaysbeinlove.Thatisthereasononeshouldnevermarry.InConversation.Toloveoneselfisthebeginningofalife-longromance.PhrasesandPhilosophiesfortheUseoftheYoung.Amancanbehappywithanywomanaslongashedoesnotloveher.ThePictureofDorianGray.Youngmenwanttobefaithfu
11、landarenot;oldmenwanttobefaithlessandcannot.ThePictureofDorianGray.II.TextAnalysisStructure1)Nightingalestruckbythe“themysteryoflove”2)Nightingalelookingforaredrosetofacilitatethelove3)Nightingalesacrificingherlifeforaredrose4)StudentdiscardingtheredroseGenreofthisstoryanditscharacteristics:Genreoft
12、hisstoryanditscharacteristics:FairytalesFairytales-fairiesplayapart-containsupernaturalormagicalelements-childrensstories-fullofveiledcommentsonlifeCharacteristics:1)personificationofbirds,insects,animalsandtrees2)vivid,simplenarration-typicaloftheoraltraditionoffairytales3)repetitivepatternSymbolic
13、meaningsof“Redrose”,“Lizard”“Butterfly”Symbolicmeaningsof“Redrose”,“Lizard”“Butterfly”and“Nightingale”:and“Nightingale”:Symbolicmeanings:Symbolicmeanings:Redrose-truelove,whichneedsconstantnourishmentofpassionsofthelovers.Lizard-cynic(cynicalpeople)cynic:apersonwhoseeslittleornogoodinanythingandwhoh
14、asnobeliefinhumanprogress;personwhoshowsthisbysneeringandbeingcontemptuous.Nightingale-atruthful,devotedpursueroflove,whodarestosacrificehisownpreciouslifeStudent-notatruelover,ignorantoflove,notpersistentinpursuingloveWildescommentsinalettertooneofhisfriends(May1888):Thenightingaleisthetruelover,if
15、thereisone.She,atleast,isRomance,andthestudentandthegirlare,likemostofus,unworthyofRomance.So,atleast,itseemstome,butIliketofancythattheremaybemanymeaningsinthetale,forinwritingitIdidnotstartwithanideaandclotheitinform,butbeganwithaformandstrovetomakeitbeautifulenoughtohavemanysecretsandmanyanswers.
16、Otheranalyses1)TheStudentsone-sidedpreferenceforwordknowledgeoveremotionsisclearfromthemomenthefirstseestherose.Itissobeautiful,hesays,thatIamsureithasalongLatinname.TheStudent,theyoungwoman,andtheirsocietyareallone-sidedpsychically.Theyhavedevaluedthecapacitytolove,heresymbolizedbyboththeNightingal
17、eandtherose.2)TherelationshipofheadandheartisacentralconcernofWildesfairytales.Promisingtoprovidetheredroseoutofmusicbymoonlightandtostainitwithmyownhearts-blood,theNightingaleasksoftheStudentonlythathewillbeatruelover,forLoveiswiserthanPhilosophy,thoughsheiswise,andmightierthanPower,ButtheStudentca
18、nnotunderstandwhattheNightingalesays,forheonlyknewthethingsthatarewrittendowninbooks.”Hehastoomuchheadknowledgeandalmostnoheartknowledge.3)WildeisrightthattheonlyloveristheNightingale.Thewholenessitachievesissymbolizedbythediscarded,devaluedrose.Intheend,theStudentandtheyoungwomanrejectthewholenesso
19、fferedbythatsymbol.Figurativespeechesusedinthetext:1)Personification-givehumanformsorfeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributestoinanimateobjects,ortoideasandabstractions.e.g.Time,youoldgypsyman,Willyounotstay,PutupyourcaravanJustforoneday?2)SimileandmetaphorSimile:hervoicewaslikewaterbubblingfro
20、masilverjar.aswhiteasthefoamoftheseaMetaphor:.andthecoldcrystalmoonWritingtechniques:Climax-derivedfromtheGreekword“ladder,”impliestheprogressionofthoughtatauniformoralmostuniformrateofsignificanceorintensitye.g.Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedand
21、digested.Anti-climax:-statingonesthoughtsinadescendingorderofsignificanceorintensity,oftenusedtoridiculeorsatire.eg.1.Asaseriousman,IlovedBeethoven,Keats,andhotdogs.2.ForGod,forAmerica,forYale.3.Youmanageabusiness,stocks,bonds,people.Andnowyoucanmanageyourhair.Syntacticdevice:Inversionyetforwantofar
22、edroseismylifemadewretched.(foremphasis)Crimsonwasthegirdleofpetals,andcrimsonasrubywastheheart.Shepassedthroughthegrovelikeashadowandlikeashadowsheshesailedacrossthegarden.NightafternighthaveIsungofhim.I.LanguagePoints1.jewels(gems):emeralds（绿宝石）,ruby（红宝石）,sapphire（蓝宝石）,jade（翡翠）diamondplants:daisy（
23、雏菊）,rose,oak-tree（橡树）daffodil水仙花animals:nightingale,lizard（蜥蜴）,butterflysubjects:philosophy,metaphysics（形而上学）,logicstringedinstruments:harp（竖琴）,violin2.want:1)theconditionorqualityoflackingsomethingusualornecessaryfor/fromwantof由于缺少Theplantsdiedfor/fromwantofwater.stayedhomeforwantofanythingbetterto
24、do.2)pressingneed;贫困toliveinwant=toliveinpoverty3)somethingdesired:inwantof=inneedofAreyouinwantofmoney?Hesapersonoffewwantsandneeds.3.fling1)tothrowviolently,withforceDontflingyourclothesonthefloor.2)tomoveviolentlyorquicklySheflungherselfdownonthesofa.Sheflungbackherheadproudly.3)todevotetoHeflung
25、himselfintothetask.4.bloomvi.toproduceflowers,yieldflowers,comeintoflowerorbeinflower开花Therosesareblooming.blossom1)vi.(ofaseedplant,espatreeorplant)toproduceoryieldflowers,bloomTheapplestreesareblossoming.2)vi.todevelopTheirfriendshipblossomedwhentheyfoundouthowmanyintereststheyshared.5.ebbn.1.Thet
26、ideisontheebb.2.Thefinancialresourceshavereacheditslowestebb.vi.1)fallbackfromthefloodstageThetidewillbegintoebbat4oclock.2)tofallawayorback;declineorrecedeThedangerofconflictisnotebbingthere.6.lingervi.1)tobeslowinleaving,especiallyoutofreluctanceThechildrenlingeredatthezoountilclosingtime.2)toproc
27、eedslowlylingeroveroneswork(磨洋工）3)topersistWinterlingers.vt.topass(aperiodoftime)inaleisurelyoraimlessmanner.Welingeredawaythewholesummeratthebeach.7.see1）seeaboutdoing:attendto,makearrangementsfor,dealwith安排，处理Itistimeformetoseeaboutcookingthedinner.2)seesomethingout:tolastuntiltheendof熬过，度过Willour
28、suppliesseethewinterout?Itwassuchabadplaywecouldntseeouttheperformanceandweleftearly.3)seethroughsb./sthThepaperistoothicktoseethough.Itwasahardtimeforus,butwemanagedtoseeitthrough.4)seetosomething:toattendto,takecareof负责，留意IfIseetogettingthecarout,willyouseetoclosingthewindows?8.go1)goaboutsomethin
29、g:toperformtodo从事，着手togoaboutonesbusinessDontgoaboutthejobthatway.2)goaftersb/sthtogoafterajob,agirl,aprize3)goagainstsb/sthOpinionisgoingagainstus.Thecasemaygoagainstus.4)goalong:vi.toagreewith,supportWellgoalongwithyou/yoursuggestion.5)goroundvi.萦绕，Thereisatunegoingroundinmyhead.Iftherearenotenoug
30、hchairstogoround,somepeoplehavetostand.6)gobackonsthDontgobackonyourpromise.Nevergobackonyourfriends.背叛，出卖7)gobyvi.Heletthechancegoby.Acarwentby.gobysth=accordingto,basedontogobytherules/thebook8)goforsb/sthMywifewentformebecauseIwaslatefordinner.Doyougoformodernmusic?Ifindthisreportbadlydone,andtha
31、tgoesforalltheotherworkdoneintheoffice.9)gointo:toenteraprofession,stateoflifetogointobusiness/films10)goovervi.=changeonesstanceHewentoverfromthePeoplesPartytotheEnemysParty.gothroughsth.vt=(someformalities)Thecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.Theywentthroughthenewmarriageservice.11)goundervi=gobank
32、rupt,failShehassomanyworries,sheissuretogounder.II.In-classactivity:Discussion：1.Thecharactersdifferentattitudestowardlove:(1)TheStudents(2)TheLizards,theButterflysandtheDaisys(3)TheNightingales2.Islovebetterthanlife,astheNightingalebelieved?Interviewotherstudents.Bepreparedtosummarizetheirideas.HomeworkIII.Exercisesinthetextbook.IV.AssignmentWrittenwork:DescribehowtheNightingalebuiltaredroseoutofmusicinabout150words.