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1、第四节 定语从句的译法定语从句的译法(一)前置法(二)后置法(三)融合法(四)译成状语(一)前置法前置法u把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句,这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句比较短的情况。u 一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法,但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。(1)The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.(2)There will come a day when people the world over will live a ha
2、ppy life under the sun of socialism.全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。在他手下工作在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。(3)The sun,which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor.(4)But Miggles laugh,which was very infectious,broke the silence.那个整天躲在云层里的太阳那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。但密格尔的富有感染力的富有感染力的笑声打破了静默。(二
3、)后置法后置法u当定语从句较长时,如果翻译成前置的定语,就会不符合汉语的表达习惯,在这种情况下,往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句,放置于原来它所修饰词的后面。翻译时可以用三种方法来处理。译成并列分句,重复先行词 译成并列分句,省略先行词译成独立句(非限制性定从)1)They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which,in the past,many Chinese have laid down their lives.2)I told the story to Jo
4、hn,who told it to his brother.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,这个理想这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,在过去,许多中国是每个中国人所珍爱的,在过去,许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。我把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。弟弟。3)World War was,however,more complex than World War,which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets,resources a
5、nd territories.第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突场、资源和领土的冲突,而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。1)It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.2)He saw in front that haggard white-haired old man,whose eyes flashed red with fury.他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老人,眼睛里愤眼睛里愤怒地闪着红光怒地闪着红光。是他接到那封信,说你的叔叔去世
6、了说你的叔叔去世了。1)He had talked to Vice-President Nixon,who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.2)One was a violent thunderstorm,the worst I had ever seen,which obscured my objective.他和副总统尼克松谈过话。副总统向他担保,副总统向他担保,凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。有一次是暴风骤雨,猛烈的程度实为我生平仅所见。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标这阵暴风
7、雨遮住了我的目标。(三)(三)融合法融合法u融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合在一起译成一个简单句。由于限制性定语从句与主句关系较紧密,所以融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句,尤其是“therebe”结构带有定语从句的句型。1)There are many people who want to see the film.2)There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.3)We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indicatio
8、n of national identity.许多人要看这部电影。许多人要看这部电影。在那群人中,有些人每天站在那里,站了有些人每天站在那里,站了一个月一个月。我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志某些标志。(四)(四)译成状语译成状语u英语中有些定语从句,兼有状语从句的职能,在逻辑上与主句有状语关系,说明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系,翻译时应善于从原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑上的关系,然后译成汉语中相应的偏正复合句。1、译成表“因”的分句We know that a cat,whose eyes can take in many more rays of
9、light than our eyes,can see clearly in the night。我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛吸收由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛吸收更多的光线更多的光线,所以猫在黑夜也能看很清楚。2、译成表“果”的分句There was something original,independent,and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.这个方案富于创造性,独出心裁,很有魄力,所以他们都很喜欢所以他们都很喜欢。3、译成表“让步”的分句He insisted on building another house,whi
10、ch he had no use for.他坚持再造一幢房子,尽管他并无此需要尽管他并无此需要。4、译成表“目的”的分句The imperialist states maintain enormous armies and gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and exploiting the people in distant lands.帝国主义国家维持了庞大的陆海军,用以压用以压迫和剥削遥远的他国人民迫和剥削遥远的他国人民。5、译成表“条件”、“假设”的分句Men become desperate for work,any work which will help them to keep alive their families.He would be a short sighted commander who merely manned his fortress and did not look beyond.人们极其迫切地要求工作,不管什么工作,只要它有助养活一家人就行只要它有助养活一家人就行。谁如果只守城堡而不往远处看,那他就是一个目光短浅的指挥员。