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1、Unit 1Learning About LanguageGrammar-The Past ParticipleThe Past Participle:.被动被动An honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人一位受尊敬的客人B.完成完成A retired teacher 一位退休的教师一位退休的教师A.用法用法:所表示的动作是一个所表示的动作是一个被动被动的或是的或是已完成已完成的动作。的动作。The Past Participle used as Attribute Predicative定语定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分。在句中修饰名词或代词的成分。表语表语是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之
2、后，说是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态。明主语身份、特征或状态。What is the function of the past participle?So many thousands of terrified people died.attributeattributeBut he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.PredicativePredicativeattributeattribute From the stomach the d
3、isease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person was dead.Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street He became interested in two theories.attributeattributePredicative 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 作作定定语语用用的的过过去去分分词词相相当当于于形形容容词词，与与它它所所修修饰饰的的名名词词有有逻逻辑辑上上的的动动宾宾关关系系。及及物物动动词词的的过过去去分分
4、词词作作定定语语，既既表表被被动动又又表表完完成成；不不及及物物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。1.过过去去分分词词用用作作定定语语，如如果果是是单单个个的的，常常置置于于其其所修饰的名词所修饰的名词前面前面。一颗破碎的心一颗破碎的心a broken heart2.过过去去分分词词短短语语用用作作定定语语时时，一一般般置置于于其其所所修修饰饰的的名名词词后后面面，其其意意义义相相当当于于一一个个定定语语从从句句，但但较较从从句简洁，多用于书面语中。句简洁，多用于书面语中。The concert _was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。他们朋友
5、举行的音乐会大为成功。given by their friends 3 3.少数过去分词如少数过去分词如left(剩余的剩余的),given(所给的所给的),等作定语等作定语,修饰名词时修饰名词时,只能只能后后置置.此外过去分此外过去分词修饰词修饰 something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those 等等不定代不定代词词时，也要放在这些词时，也要放在这些词后面后面。The book left are for my students.Is there anything planned for tonight?4.表表示示人人的的
6、表表情情，眼眼神神，声声音音时时，用用过过去去分分词作定语词作定语The boy looked up with _.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。听到这令人鼓舞的消息，同学们发出了热烈听到这令人鼓舞的消息，同学们发出了热烈的欢呼声的欢呼声Hearing_,the students gave out _.a pleased expression the encouraging newsexcited shouts过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别：过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别：1.过去分词表示过去分词表示被动被动或或完成完成；现在分词表示现在分词表示主动主动或或进
7、行进行。boiling waterboiled watera developing countrya developed countrythe falling leaves the fallen leaves过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态或性质。的状态或性质。1.过去分词可以置于系动词后做表语。常过去分词可以置于系动词后做表语。常用的系动词有用的系动词有be,get,become,grow，seem，turn，remain，appear，feel，look，smell,taste,sound等。等。The door remained locked
8、.He seemed quite delighted at the good news.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语 过去分词和现在分词做表语，区别如下：过去分词和现在分词做表语，区别如下：过去分词过去分词表示被动或完成表示被动或完成,经常用于说明经常用于说明人人的感受的感受,意思为意思为“某人感到某人感到”-ing 形式形式表示主动或进行表示主动或进行,表示表示事事物物的性质，的性质，意思是意思是“令人令人的的”The book is interesting and Im interested in it.下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1.The s
9、peech that we listened to yesterday afternoon was very moved .2.From the disappointing look on his face,we know that he didnt pass the exam.3.That must have been a terrified experience.4.Some foreign press reports are quite confused.movingdisappointedterrifyingconfusing1.There was a terrible noise _
10、 the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed2.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt include women until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be playing3.Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak4.Most of
11、 the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting5.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened 6.When we reached the village,we saw new houses_ up.A.having been put B.putt
12、ing C.being put D.had put 7.The _ look on the girls face suggested that she _ such bad news.A.surprising,would expect B.surprised,should expect C.surprising,shouldnt have been expected D.surprised,hadnt expected8.When I got back home I saw a message _ to the door,_“Sorry to miss you,will come later.
13、”A.sticking;reads B.stuck;read C.pinned;reading D.pinning;reading9.The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch.A.referred to look B.referred to lookingC.referred to looks D.referring to looks10.Experts think that we need to eat meat because it contains vitamins and minerals _ in vegetables.A not f
14、inding B not to be found C not found D which is not found 1.Prices of daily goods_ through a computer can be lower than store prices.（北京（北京2002春季）春季）A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying【解析解析】此题考查过去分词短语作后置此题考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。中心词定语的用法。中心词goods（货物）是（货物）是被买的，我们可以把被买的，我们可以把bought through.还原成一个定语从句
15、：还原成一个定语从句：Prices of,daily goods that are bought through a computer.。三.高考链接2.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers？-The key the problem is to meet the demand by the customers （NMET 2003）A.to solving；making B.to solving；made C.to solve；making D.to solve；made3.-I
16、m very _with my own cooking.It looks nice and smells delicious.-Mm，it does have _ smell.（北京（北京 2002春季）春季）A,pleasant；pleased B.pleased;pleased C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased；pleasant 【解析解析】当过去分词作表语或定语时，表当过去分词作表语或定语时，表示某人处于某一种精神状态，故最佳答示某人处于某一种精神状态，故最佳答案为案为D项。第二空的项。第二空的pleasant修饰物，是修饰物，是主动意义，相当于主动意义，相当于pleasing。