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1、信息管理与信息系统专业英语信息管理与信息系统专业英语Unit2PM and SDLC-Part II(SDLC)SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCLearning outlines(要点）要点）:Four development models SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCLearning outlines(要点）要点）:Four development modelsWhat is the definition of SDLC?SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院
2、计算机系Part II-SDLCLearning outlines(要点）要点）:Four development modelsWhat is the definition of SDLC?How many phases（阶段）are included in SDLC?SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCLearning outlines(要点）要点）:Four development modelsWhat is the definition of SDLC?How many phases are included in SDLC?Who p
3、articipate（参与）?SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCLearning outlines(要点）要点）:Four development modelsWhat is the definition of SDLC?How many phases are included in SDLC?Who participate（参与）?What is the objective（目标）of preliminary investigation?SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCFour De
4、velopment modelsThe Waterfall ModelThe Spiral ModelThe V Model SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCWaterfall Model SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSpiral Model SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSpiral ModelDesign SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSpiral ModelD
5、esignRisk Analysis SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSpiral ModelDesignRisk AnalysisSoftware Development SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSpiral ModelDesignRisk AnalysisUser EvaluationSoftware Development SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系User EvaluationPart II-SDLCSpiral ModelDes
6、ignRisk AnalysisSoftware Development SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCUser RequirementsWeb Page BuildSystem TestUser AcceptanceWeb Page DesignIntegrate SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系USERREQUIREMENTSUSERACCEPTANCESYSTEMDESIGNSYSTEMTESTINGPROGRAMDESIGNPROGRAMTESTINGCODE&TESTThe V model SQ
7、L Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系UserRequirements EngineeringFunctional AnalysisPerformance AnalysisDesign&TestBuild/Buy&TestIntegrate&System TestNew SystemOld SystemReverse EngineeringThe Reverse Engineering Model SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCWhat is SDLC?.SDLC is the abbreviation of sy
8、stems development life cycle.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCWhat is SDLC?.SDLC is the abbreviation of systems development life cycle.Some different names of SDLC:1.Application development cycle2.Systems development cycle3.Structured development life cycle SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机
9、系Part II-SDLCDefinition of SDLC:Definition 1:relates to models or methodologies that people used to develop systems,generally computer systems.Retrieved(找到）From:http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_Development_Life_Cycle SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCDefinition 2:is a project management
10、 technique that divides complex projects into smaller,more easily managed segments（分块）or phases.Retrieved From:http:/www.ffiec.gov/ffiecinfobase/booklets/d_a/08.html else.(u can retrieve the other.from internet)SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCHow many phases are included in SDLC?No fixed
11、（固定）phases,depending upon the size（规模）and complexity（复杂程度）of project.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCHere,we talk about the six-phases SDLC,the phases are:Preliminary（初步）investigationSystems analysisSystems designSystems developmentSystems implementationSystems maintenance SQL Server 数据库
12、管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSome cross-life-cycle(横跨生命周期横跨生命周期)activities are:1.Fact-finding（事实发现）:information gathering/data collection.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSome cross-life-cycle activities are:1.Fact-finding（事实发现）:information gathering/data collection.2.Documentation:Recor
13、ding facts and specifications for a system SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSome cross-life-cycle activities are:3.Presentation（交流讲座）:Formally packaging documentation for review by users.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSome cross-life-cycle activities are:3.Presentation（交流讲座）:
14、Formally packaging documentation for review by users.4.Estimation:Approximate（大约的,近似的）evaluation of the time,effort,cost and benefits of.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSome cross-life-cycle activities are:5.Measurement:Measuring and analyzing developer productivity(工作效率)and quality(素质).
15、SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSome cross-life-cycle activities are:5.Measurement:Measuring and analyzing developer productivity(工作效率)and quality(素质).6.Feasibility analysis:Determining how beneficial the development of the system would be to the organization.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院
16、计算机系Part II-SDLCSome cross-life-cycle activities are:7.Process management:ongoing(持续不断的)activity that establishes(set up)standards for activities,methods,tools,and products of the SDLC.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCSome cross-life-cycle activities are:7.Process management:ongoing(持续的)a
17、ctivity that establishes(set up)standards for activities,methods,tools,and products of the SDLC.8.Risk assessment/control/analysis:reducing the risks and bring the project to under the control.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCWho participates?Participants(参与人员)in the project are of three
18、types:1.Users:as mentioned(提到),the system under discussion should always be developed in consultation with users.e.g.research fellow(研究员),customer,internal staff.but inadequate user involvement can be a major cause/reason of system failure or lack of acceptance.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part I
19、I-SDLCWho participates?Participants(参与人员)in the project are of three types:2.Management(管理人员):manager should be consulted about the system,also make a major decisions about changing or not changing the systems or the purchases.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part II-SDLCWho participates?Participants
20、(参与人员)in the project are of three types:3.Technical staff:members of companys technical department.They are systems analysts(分析员),software programmers,software test engineer,program developer,technical supervisor(主管),project leader,database administrator.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-C
21、onduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a preliminary investigation This section will talk about the following area.I.Preliminary analysisII.Propose alternative solutionsIII.Describe the costs and benefits of each solutionIV.Submit(提交)a preliminary plan SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC
22、-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a preliminary investigationI.How to Conduct the preliminary analysis?1.Determine the organizations objectives2.Determine the nature and scope of the problem.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a prelimin
23、ary investigation1.Determine the organizations objectives by doing the following:Read internal documents about the organization,such as original corporate(公司的)charters(章程）,annual report,email.Read external documents about the organization:such as news articles,account(报道)in the business press,audit(
24、审计)by independent accounting firms.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a preliminary investigation1.Determine the organizations objectives by doing the following:Interview important executives,as well key users within particular area you are concer
25、ned with.Some face-to-face interviews may be possible,but if you are dealing with people over a wide geographical（地理的）area,expect to spend a lot of time on the phone or using e-mail and/or video conferences（视频会议）.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct
26、 a preliminary investigation2.Determine the nature and scope of the problems:Is too much time being wasted on paperwork(文书工作)?On waiting for materials?On nonessential（不重要的，非本质的）tasks?SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a preliminary investigation2.
27、Determine the nature and scope of the problems:Is too much time being wasted on paperwork?On waiting for materials?On nonessential tasks?How pervasive(蔓延，普及)is the problem within the organization?Outside of it?What people are most affected?And so on.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduc
28、t a preliminary investigation-Conduct a preliminary investigation2.Determine the nature and scope of the problems:Your reading and your interviews should give you a sense(认识)of the character of the problem.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a prel
29、iminary investigationII.Propose alternative solutions1.Leave the system as is:2.Improve the system:3.Develop a new system:SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a preliminary investigationII.Propose alternative solutions1.Leave the system as is:Often,
30、especially with paper-based or non-technological systems,the problem really isnt bad enough to justify(证明。正确)the measures and expenditures(开销)required to get rid of it.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a preliminary investigationII.Propose altern
31、ative solutions2.Improve the system:Sometimes changing a few key elements in the system upgrading to a new computer or new software,or doing a bit of employee retraining,for examplewill do the trick(special skill).Modifications might be introduced(进行)over several months,if the problem is not serious
32、.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a preliminary investigationII.Propose alternative solutions3.Develop a new system:If the existing system is truly harmful to the organization,radical(彻底的)changes may be warranted(有正当理由).A new system would not me
33、an just tinkering(修补)around the edges or introducing some new piece of hardware or software.It could mean changes in every part and at every level.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a preliminary investigationIII.Describe costs and benefits The ch
34、anges or absence of changes（没有变化）will have a price tag(价格说明),of course,and you need to indicate（说明）what it is.Greater costs may result in greater benefits,which,in turn,may offer savings（储蓄，节省，节约）.The benefits may be both tangible(有形)such as cost savings and intangible such as worker satisfaction.SQ
35、L Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a preliminary investigationIII.Describe costs and benefits A process may be speeded up,streamlined(简化使效率更高)through the elimination of unnecessary steps,or combined with other processes.Input errors or redundant out
36、put may be reduced.Systems and subsystems may be better integrated.Users may be happier with these system.Customers or suppliers may interact（交互，互动）more efficiently with the system.Security may be improved.Cost may be cut.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigatio
37、n-Conduct a preliminary investigationIV.Submit a preliminary plan Now you need to wrap up(把.写进)all your findings in a written report,submitted to the executives(probably top managers)who are in a position to decide in which direction to proceed(执行)make no changes,change a little,or change a lot and
38、how much money to allow the project.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Part IISDLC-Conduct a preliminary investigation-Conduct a preliminary investigationIV.Submit a preliminary plan You should describe the potential solutions,costs,and benefits and indicate your recommendation.If management approves t
39、he feasibility study,then the systems analysis phases can begin.SQL Server 数据库管理与开发安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系Any Questions or Comments?If you have any comments and worth suggestions,please do not hesitate to contact with me by mobile message or email.Dont forget your learning journal!Next session,we will talk about the rest of SDLC!Bye-Bye