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1、非谓语动词考点总结非谓语动词考点总结非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子一个句子当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能名称名称语语 法法 功功 能能 主语主语宾语宾语宾语补宾语补足语足语表语表语定语定语状语状语不定不定式式动名动名词
2、词现在现在分词分词过去过去分词分词可充当成分可充当成分:主语主语,宾语宾语,宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语表语,定语定语,状语状语.一、不定式一、不定式 不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式，本领最多不定式，本领最多不定式，本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，大家千万要当心，大家千万要当心，大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改有时它把句型改有时它把句型
3、改有时它把句型改，作主宾时用作主宾时用作主宾时用作主宾时用“it”,it”,自己在后把身藏。自己在后把身藏。自己在后把身藏。自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，七个感官三使役，七个感官三使役，七个感官三使役，宾补要把宾补要把宾补要把宾补要把toto甩开甩开甩开甩开；疑问词后接上它，疑问词后接上它，疑问词后接上它，疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，逻辑主语不定式，逻辑主语不定式，逻辑主语不定式，不定式前不定式前不定式前不定式前for sb.for sb.;toto前前前前notnot是否定是否定是否定是否定，各种用法区别开。各种用法区别开。各种
4、用法区别开。各种用法区别开。不定式在七个感官动词不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listen to,三个使役动词三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时等后作宾补时,to要省略要省略1.不定式作主语不定式作主语To lose your heart means failure.It took me only five minutes to finish the job.To do two things at a time is to do neither2.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语You neednt bother to come y
5、ourself.They are considering what to do next.Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire3.不定式作表语不定式作表语l lWhat she wants t
6、o do most now is(to)travel abroad.l lThe most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution.主语的内容或性质主语的内容或性质 He is to marry Rose.表按计划要做的事情表按计划要做的事情.4.不定式作定语不定式作定语l lI need a pen to write with.l lCharles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.l lThe meeting to be held tom
7、orrow is very important.5.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语We often hear her sing the song at home.My teacher asked me to go there on time.She was considered to have stolen the money.see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have6.不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语Tim sat near the fire to get warm.The athlet
8、es practised hard to win the match.相当于用相当于用in order(not)to，so as(not)to引导的引导的目的状语目的状语.7.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语l l常用常用enough to，sufficient充足充足to，only to，never to，so+形容词形容词/副词副词+as to,such+名名词词 as to do引导。引导。Would you be so kind as to step this way,please?I tried the door,only to find it locked inside.He is
9、 brave enough to go out alone at nightIm not such a fool as to believe that.8.不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语常放在常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后表示心理感觉的形容词后I am happy to see you.She was sad to hear the bad news.9.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式.表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。语动词发出的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I re
10、gret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等等动词常用于上面句型。动词常用于上面句型。此外，此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。注意与一般时的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）对不起，请稍等
11、。（说话时还未等）Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）二、动名词二、动名词l l充当成分充当成分:主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语1.动名词作主语动名词作主语l lSeeing is believing.l lPlaying chess is fun.l lIts no use waiting here.2.动名词作表语动名词作表语l lThe nurses job is looking after the patients.l lThe nurse is looking af
12、ter the patients.3.动名词作宾语动名词作宾语l l下列动词后只能接动名词：下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,cant help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。l lDo you mind my opening the windows?l l下列动词短语接动名词：下列动词短语接动名词：leave off,put off,give up,look forward to,
13、feel like,have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be fond of,be worth。I am used to watching TV in the evening.4.动名词作定语动名词作定语l l动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系没有逻辑上的主谓关系.l lreading text l la sleeping bag l la walking stickl lrunning water l ldevelopi
14、ng country l lI am used to watching TV in the evening.l lShe regret not having studied the computer hard.l lHis being looked down upon made him sick.l lI cant really stand being treated like that.5.动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态三、分词三、分词l l现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词.l l充当成分充当成分:l l宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语表语,定语定语,状语状语.（一）现在分词（一）现在分
15、词1.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果件、结果等状语。等状语。V-ing 形式作状语形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思所表达的意思.Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.Being
16、ill,he didnt go to school.=As he was ill,he didnt go to school.Laughing and talking,they went into the classroom.（方式）（方式）If you use your head,you will find a way.Though weighing almost one hundred jin,the box was lifted by him with one hand.We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened y
17、esterday.(伴随）伴随）解析1.当当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用发生在谓语动作之前，需用having done2.v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语=Using your head,you will find a way.=Though it weighes l l注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发
18、生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。语态性语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进主动进行，被动完成行，被动完成”。人称一致性人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。主语。2.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语1.The picture_ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung2Reading is an experi
19、ence quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed3.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt（二）过去分词（二）过去分词1.过去分词作状语过去分
20、词作状语l l过过去分去分词词作状作状语语，相当于一个状，相当于一个状语语从从句，用来句，用来说说明原因、明原因、时间时间、条件等。、条件等。分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为主语，这种结构称为独立主格独立主格结构。如：结构。如：Her grandfather being ill,she had to stay at home looking after him.过去分词过去分词作状语作状语过去分词作状语，过去分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多
21、说明动作发生的背景，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示或情景，表示时间时间、条件条件、原因原因、让步让步、伴随情况伴随情况等。等。一般说来，这一结构的一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语。a、表示表示时间时间Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.When it is seen from space,the earth looks blue.b、表示表示条件条件Kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigera
22、tor,these vegetables will remain fresh.c、表示表示原因原因d、表示表示伴随情况伴随情况e e、表示、表示让步让步Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved,the children began to cry.She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.She walked out of the house,and was followed by her little d
23、aughter.Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.Although he was beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.1_ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.ACompare BWhen comparing CComparing DWhen compared 2._ in the mountains for a week,the two
24、students were finally saved by the local police A.Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D.Losing2.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_ as 3M.A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known3.分词作宾补分词作宾补l l1)跟分词作宾补的动词有：跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,have get,keep,hear,find,feel,l
25、eave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等等 l l2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。l lThere was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.l lWhen he awoke,he found himself
26、being looked after by an old woman.如如:1.Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth.A.run B.running C.being run D.to run2.Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents .A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry3.You should understand the traffic rule by
27、now.Youve had it _ often enough.A.explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained非谓语动词的其他考点非谓语动词的其他考点:1.主语一致主语一致1.Having been attacked by terrorists,_.A.doctors cane to their rescue B.the tall building collapsedC.an emergency measure was taken D.warnings were given to tourists 2While watching televisi
28、on,_.Athe doorbell rang Bthe doorbell ringsCwe heard the doorbell ring Dwe heard the doorbell rings2.with的复合结构的复合结构with+名词名词+doingto dodone1.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on2_ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible diseas
29、e,the patient sought her doctors help to end her life.AHaving given up hope of cure BWith no hope for cureCThere being hope for cure DIn the hope of cure非谓语动词练习非谓语动词练习Canyousparemesometime?Imafraidnot.Ihavelotsofletters_.A.doingwithB.todoforC.todeal D.todealwithIcantunderstand_atthatpoorchild.A.yout
30、olaugh B.youlaughingC.youlaughD.whylaughDontusewords,expressionsorphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.02A.beingknownB.havingknownC.tobeknownD.known_tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.02A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.AfterbeingexposedThediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.03A.thethi
31、efhavingcaughtB.B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking,when_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.03A.takingB.takenC.totakeD.tobetaken_moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.TogiveB.HavinggivenC.GivenD.GivingIwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtowo
32、rkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneThereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneed_.03A.that,tobeimprovedB.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improvingThedaywelookedforwardto_.A.comeB.comingC.hascomeD.havecomeThedisc,digitally_inthestudi
33、o,soundedfantasticattheparty.04A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecordedShesetoutsoonafterdark,homeanhourlater.AarrivingBtoarriveChavingarrivedDandarrivedThestudentsexpectedthere_morereviewingclassesbeforethefindexam.AisBbeingChavebeenDtobe_intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidents
34、reportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.05A.PutB.PuttingC.Havingput D.BeingputHeisratherdifficulttomakefriendswith,butthefriendshipofhis,_,istruerthananyother.A.oncegained B.whentogainC.aftergained D.whilegainingThefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingb
35、eenwritten B.tobewrittenC.beingwritten D.writtenThevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.addedThebell_theendoftheclassrang,_ourheateddiscussion.01A.indicating,interruptingB.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interruptedD.indic
36、ated,interruptedThesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_andleftheroff.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealingTheoldman,_abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworkedYouwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret_that.A.todoB.tobedoi
37、ngC.tohavedoneD.havingdoneIsthisthewatchyouwish_?A.tohaverepairedB.B.torepairitC.tohaveitrepairedD.willberepairedThisistheproblem_atthenextmeeting.A.todiscussB.tobediscussedC.discussedD.beingdiscussed_manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.ThoughhehadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.Havingtol
38、dWithmanytroublesomeproblems,suchasunemploymentandcrime_,themayorseemstobeataloss.A.remainedtosolveB.remainingtobesolvedC.remainedtobesolvedD.remainingtosolveProfessorSmithissaid_anotherimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.A.havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.tomakeTheyusedwhattheyhad_fortheirdaughter.A.tobuy
39、anewdressB.buyinganewclothesC.boughtanewsuitD.buyanewclothingThelittlegirlcame,_acakewithtwo_candlesonit.A.bringing;litB.carrying;lightedC.brought;litD.brought;lightedTechnologyhasmadethedeliveryofinformationlessdifficult,thus_informationavailabletomorepeople.A.tomake B.madeC.making D.tohavemadeHisp
40、oor_Englishpreventedhim_.A.spoken;fromunderstandingB.spoken;frombeingunderstoodC.speaking;fromunderstandingD.speaking;frombeingunderstoodWhoarethosepeoplewiththebanners(标语标语)?Agroup_itselftheleagueforpeace.A.calling B.callC.calledD.iscalledYouweresillynotyourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedWhenhecameback,hefoundthebaghehad_overtheseatwasgone.A.lefttohandB.lefthangingC.lefthungD.toleavehanging