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1、非谓语宾补非谓语宾补(对宾语的补充说明对宾语的补充说明)1.The judge took his seat and asked the accused man to stand up.2.I was frightened when I saw a black shadow moving towards me.3.When I came to my senses,I found myself wrapped up.4.What made you suspect her of having taken the money?Conclusion:to do/do/doing/done 可以做宾补可以
2、做宾补宾补不要宾补不要be动词；宾补得形式由宾语和这个动词的关系决动词；宾补得形式由宾语和这个动词的关系决定。定。带带to do作宾补作宾补:常常见见的的这这类类动动词词有有：ask,tell,invite,force,get,beg,allow,encourage,advise,persuade,instruct,permit,order,warn,cause,wish,want,expect,urge,etc.do作宾补作宾补一类是感官动词，如：一类是感官动词，如：feel,see,watch,hear,listen,notice,observe,look at,etc;一类是使役动词，如
3、：一类是使役动词，如：make,let,havewant sb.(not)to dosee sb.do(看见某人做某事的全过程看见某人做某事的全过程)注意：注意：感官动词和使役动词作宾补表主动完成用感官动词和使役动词作宾补表主动完成用do,省略省略了了to,但变被动时这个但变被动时这个to要加上。要加上。Eg.His boss makes him work 12 hours a day.He is made to work 12 hours a day by his boss.感官动词后的宾补形式感官动词后的宾补形式(以以see为例为例)see sb.dodoingdone(主动，完成主动，完
4、成)(主动，进行主动，进行)(被动，完成被动，完成/形容词形容词)being done(正被正被)不及物动词的过去分词不及物动词的过去分词(done)作宾补表状态和完成。作宾补表状态和完成。1.I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.2.I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(完成)(状态)常见的非谓语作宾补形式常见的非谓语作宾补形式1.leave“使使处于某种状态处于某种状态”leave sb.to do sth.sth.to be donesb./sth.doi
5、ng sth.undone/unfinished/unsettledsth.unsaidsb./sth.done2.find sb./sth.doing(主动，进行主动，进行)done(被动，完成被动，完成/完成完成/形容词形容词)doing(主动，进行主动，进行)done(形容词形容词)3.keep sb./sth.4.makesb.do sthoneself/sth.donesb.done(形容词形容词):make you disappointedAlice 不能让别人相信她。不能让别人相信她。Alice cant Alice cant make herself believed.make
6、 herself believed.I cant I cant make myself understood make myself understood because of my broken English.because of my broken English.5.have/get 表示表示 使，让，叫使，让，叫 have/make sb.do.sth=get sb.to do sth have/get sth.done“让让/使使/叫某人做某事叫某人做某事”“让让/叫某人做某事叫某人做某事”/“使使/让某事由别人去做让某事由别人去做”注意：注意：He had his leg bro
7、ken while playing football.(使遭受使遭受)have sb./sth.doing“让让/使某人使某人/某物持续地做某某物持续地做某事事”注意：注意：have sb.doing 如果用于否定句，如果用于否定句，have有容忍的意思。有容忍的意思。I wont have you speaking to your father like that.get sb./sth.doing 使某人使某人/某物开始行动起来某物开始行动起来7.短语短语catch sb.doing(撞见某人做某事撞见某人做某事,尤指坏事；当场破获尤指坏事；当场破获)send sb./sth.doing(
8、使某人某物突然做某事使某人某物突然做某事)set sb.doing(使某人做某事使某人做某事)the first to do sth.6.but/except 前有实义动词前有实义动词do的任何形式或的任何形式或choose,but/except后要省略后要省略to.cant choose but do 只有只有 have no choice but to docant help but do(只好只好)cant but,had better,would rather 后省后省to e.g.I cant but agree to his plan.Eg.My jokes set everyon
9、e laughing.(我的笑话使每个人大我的笑话使每个人大笑笑.)Mind how you go-you nearly sent me flying.(小心点小心点,你差点把我撞倒你差点把我撞倒.)1.Youd better go and _(把把你的轿车洗洗你的轿车洗洗).2.-No,Ill do it myself.(wash)3.2.It was disappointing to see _(他们他们的队被打败的队被打败)by a weaker one.4.3.The reporter tried to speak loudly and slowly to _(让别人听懂让别人听懂).
10、(himself)5.4.We made the animal _(适应适应)its new environment.(adapt)6.5.When the young man turned around,he found _(一双眼盯着他一双眼盯着他).(stare)7.6.The missing boy _(最后看见在最后看见在玩耍玩耍)near the river.(play)get/have your car washedtheir team beatenmake himself understoodadapt toa pair of eyes staring at him.was l
11、ast seen playing7.-Why did you go back upstairs?-I thought I _(忘了关窗子忘了关窗子).(leave)8.The Internet has many advantages.For example,it keeps us _(获知最新消息获知最新消息),and also provides us with entertainment.(inform)9.When I walked by Li Mings side,I found him _(完全沉浸于完全沉浸于)the humorous stories.(absorb)10.The S
12、pring Festival was coming.Mum wanted the door _(油漆一下油漆一下).(paint)11.Time and time again we advised him _(不要浪费时间不要浪费时间)in playing computer games.(waste)had left the window openinformed of the latest newscompletely absorbed inpaintednot to waste time非谓语作表语非谓语作表语系动词系动词(be动词动词,感官动词感官动词,seem,appear,remai
13、n)后跟的形容词后跟的形容词/名词称为表语。名词称为表语。1.主语从句中如果有实义动词主语从句中如果有实义动词do的任何形式，的任何形式，to do 做表语省略做表语省略to.Eg.他所做的是让别人理解他。他所做的是让别人理解他。(make)What he said is to leave the fact unsaid.Eg.他所说的是不让把那个事实说出来。他所说的是不让把那个事实说出来。(leave)What he did is make himself understood.2.get burnt=be burnt get hurt=be hurt get injured=be inju
14、red非谓语作状语1.Be careful when crossing the street.（）2.Being ill,he couldnt go to school.（）3.Football is played in more than 150 countries,making it the most popular game in the world.（）4.The research is so designed that once began,nothing can be done to change it.（）5.Generally speaking,when taken accor
15、ding to the direction,the drug has no side effect.()6.Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistakes.（）7.The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.（）8.He sat there quietly,looking out of the window.（）时间状语）时间状语）原因状语原因状语结果状语结果状语条件状语条件状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语伴随状语伴随状语伴随状语伴随状语分词作
16、状语;1.ving-与句中主语构成主谓关系，强调与句子动作同时发生或基本同时发生。Seeing her mother,the girl jumped with joy.2.having done 与句中主语构成主谓关系，强调先于句子谓语动词发生。Having suffered such a heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.3.V-ed 与句中主语构成被动关系Considered as a famous star,the singer is popular with the teenager
17、s.4.being done 与句中主语构成被动关系，且与句子谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语位于句首。Being questioned by his boss,his face turned red.5.having been done与句中主语构成被动关系，且先于句子谓语动词发生 Having been shown around the museum,we then went to the library.独立成分做状语：（不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分）Generally franklyhonestly speakingJudging from by Considering taking
18、into considerationTo tell you the truth Seeing(考虑到）Supposing providing given assumingSaving 除了，除非 admitting虽说，即使Compared to with 与。相比See to it that 确保=make sure that独立主格结构的构成：1.名词（代词）+现在分词（过去分词）2.The rest finished,we began our holiday.3.Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.4.He arri
19、ving at the station,the train started to move.5.His mother being ill,he didnt come to school yesterday.6.2.名词（代词）+副词7.The teacher away,the students talked all the time.8.3.名词（代词）+不定式9.The last guard to arrive,our party will begin at 5.10.4.名词（代词）+介词短语11.He came out of the library,book in hand.12.5.W
20、ith、without+名词（代词）+宾补13.The boy came in,with his hands tied back.14.6.代词+being+名词（形)There being+名词15.There being so many people in the room,I left.1._many times,she still cant remember it.(tell)2._full preparations,we decided to put off the meeting till next week.(not,make)3.the paper is full of mis
21、takes.4.His health ,he has to be sent to hospital at once.(take)5._from previous experience,he will be late.(judge)6.when night came on,we put ourselves up in a small hotel.Night _,weHaving been toldNot having madeT.written in a hurryTakingtaken into considerationJudgingcoming on7.when all the guest
22、s were seated,they began their dinner._,they8.He hurried to the booking office,only _that all the tickets had been sold out.(tell)9._more about university courses,call 7643789.(find)10._so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.(face)11.There _,the trees died immediately it was planted.(没有水）12._(他妈妈病了）,he had to drop out of school to attend to her.All the guests seatedto be told To find out Faced withbeing no waterHis mother being ill