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1、NCE-2New Concept EnglishLesson 4AnexcitingtripI.Key words exciting,receive,firm,differentII.Key structures The present perfect simple现在完成时 key points 1.How long has Tim been in Australia?Listenandanswerthequestion.New LessonTim has been in Australia for six months.2.What does he do in Australia?He i
2、s working for a big firm as an engineer.3.Why is Tim finding the trip exciting?Because Tim has never been abroad before.This is his first trip abroad.New words and expressionsLanguage points1.I have just received a letter from my brother.收到某人来信2.He is working for a big firm.get a letter from sb.have
3、 a letter from sb.hear from sb.在上班、任职,还可以用work at/ine.g.My father works for a business company.3.he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.a number of+可数名词的复数，number前一般可用large,great,small等形容词强调数量大小。Language points4.He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Ali
4、ce springs.He has gone to the south.(还在)He has been to the south.(去过)5.He is finding this trip very exciting.find+n+adj.觉得怎么样e.g.I find the film boring.Do you find the book very interesting?Listen and followSummary writingAnswerthesequestionsinnotmorethan50words.1.What has the writer just received f
5、rom his brother?2.2.Is Tim an engineer,or is he a doctor?3.3.How long has he been in Australia?4.4.Has he already visited many places or not?5.5.Where is he now?6.6.Has Tim ever been abroad before or not?7.7.Is he enjoying his trip very much or not?Summary writing The writer has just received a lett
6、er from his brother,Tim.Tim is an engineer.He has been in Australia for six months.He has already visited many places.Now he is in Alice Springs.Tim has never been abroad before.He is enjoying his trip very much.现在现在完成完成时态时态Winter has already come.Grammar现在现在完成完成时的构成形式时的构成形式havedonehas助动词助动词过去过去分词分词
7、Grammar用来表示动作或状态发生在过去用来表示动作或状态发生在过去,但它的但它的影响现在还存在影响现在还存在。Theyhaveleft.-他们已经离开了他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihavehadmylunch.-我已经吃过午饭了我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿也就是说我现在不饿现在现在完成完成时的含义时的含义也可表示也可表示持续到现在持续到现在的动作或状态。的动作或状态。HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.-从从2001年开始学的年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢现在还在继续学着呢sum up一、现在完成时1)构成肯定句：主语
8、+have/has+过去分词+其它否定句：主语+have/has not+过去分词+其它疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它He has been to Australia.He has not been to Australia.Has he been to Australia?nowpastfuture一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作的动作/状态状态,或者发生在或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响过去却对现在造成的影响G
9、rammar 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1）一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）参考译文参考译文我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳大
10、利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂姆是个工程师，正在为一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。Thank you!Thank you!2一般过去时一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,in
11、October,justnow,-具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时错错Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.对对Tomwrotealett
12、ertohisparentslastnight.Grammar3现在完成时现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一动词一般是延续性的般是延续性的,如如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sinc
13、ethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)Grammar延续动词表示经验、经历；延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。时间的状语连用。比较延续动词与瞬间动词比较延续动词与瞬间动词Hehasfinishedthework.他已完成了那项工作。他已完成了那项工作。(表结果表结果)Iveknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他我从
14、那时起就认识他了。了。(表经历表经历)Grammarsince用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间“自从自从”for用来说明动作延续时间长度用来说明动作延续时间长度“长达长达”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较比较since和和for并非有并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时Iworkedhereformore
15、thantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。现在我仍在这里工作。)GrammarHehasgonetoShanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他他(曾经曾经)去过上海。去过上海。比较比较have/hasbeento,have/hasgonetoGrammar1.Hedied10yearsago.2.-He_for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_th
16、ebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-He_heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.-He_fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilm_for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourag
17、o.-Thedoor_foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-He_a_forayear.-He_thearmyforayear.-It_ayear_hejoinedthearmy.延延续续性性动动词词和和瞬瞬间间性性动动词词之之间间的的转转化化Exercisesum up2)用法1.过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与表示时间的副词连用，如yet,just,before,recently,ever,never等。e.g.We have just won
18、the match.I have never been to Australia before.一、现在完成时sum up2)用法1.表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的时间状态连用，如so far,up till now,since,for a long time,in the past few years,those days等。e.g.So far,he has broken two world records.I have worked here for four years.一、现在完成时sum up2)用法3.短暂性动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，常见的动词有die,arrive,leave,go,refuse,finish,marry,buy等。e.g.His grandfather has died for three years.His grandfather has been dead for three years.I have bought the car for half a year.I have got the car for half a year.一、现在完成时