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1、adverbial clausesadverbial clauses状语从句状语从句状语状语作用:修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句作用:修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句Westudyatschooleveryday时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语状语从句状语从句种类种类:地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较状语从句充当句子的状语时,起状语从句充当句子的状语时,起_作用。作用。状语从句一般由状语从句一般由_引导,也可以由引导,也可以由_引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以
2、不用逗号隔开。位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。副词副词从属连词从属连词词组词组一一.时间状语从句时间状语从句as/when/while(1)MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especially_fatherwasawayinFrance.as/when/while(2)_theteachercamein,weweredoingourhomework.(3)_Tomwashangingaround,hecameacrosshisoldfriend.(4)_timewentby,peoplebegantorealizetheimportanceofpr
3、otectingourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.(5)Shesings_shedances.WhenWhileAsasWhen(When(at or during the timeat or during the time )引导的时间状语从句可以引导的时间状语从句可以表示时间点,也可以表示时间段,多用一般时态。表示时间点,也可以表示时间段,多用一般时态。While(While(during the timeduring the time)引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句表示主语在一段时间内所处的状态,从句表示主语在一段时间内所处的状态,多用进行时态。多用进行时
4、态。随着随着一边一边一边一边*until&till*until&till 常常可以通用,置于句首常用常常可以通用,置于句首常用untiluntil。Onewithstrongperseveranceandpatiencewillinsistondoinghiswork_heachieveshisgoal.till/untiltill/untiltill/until:直到直到为止为止notuntil/till直到直到才才Hedidntrealizehehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergamesuntilhefailedintheexam.倒装倒装:强调强调:Not
5、untilhefailedintheexam,didherealizehehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Itisnotuntilhefailedintheexamthatherealizedhehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Hehasmadegreatachievementsinhiswork_hegraduated.since/after小结:小结:sincesince引导时间状语从句,意为引导时间状语从句,意为“自从自从”。一般。一般从句用一般过去时主句用从句用一般过去时主句用现在完成时现在完成时。
6、It is(has been)+It is(has been)+时间时间+since+since+从句从句(did)(did)“自从自从以来(已经)多久了以来(已经)多久了”我把集邮当兴趣爱好已有十年了。我把集邮当兴趣爱好已有十年了。It It is(has been)is(has been)ten years since I ten years since I tooktook upup the the hobby of collecting stamps.hobby of collecting stamps.一一就就引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句:ThePLAbegantohelpt
7、hevictims_theygottotheearth-strickenarea.assoonas/themoment/theminute/immediately/directlynosoonerthan,hardly.when,scarcelywhen主句中的动词用主句中的动词用过去完成过去完成时。放在句首时句子时。放在句首时句子部分倒部分倒装装。(P235)Nosoonerhadhesatdownthanhefocusedonstudy.他一坐下来就专注于学习。他一坐下来就专注于学习。_hadhesatdown_hefocusedonstudy.whenHardly有志者事竟成有志者事竟成
8、WhereWhere there is a will,there is a way.there is a will,there is a way.地点状语从句通常由地点状语从句通常由where,whereverwhere,wherever引导,引导,1.TheRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp_thereishumansuffering.2.Oneofthesuccessfulpeoplesstrongpointsisthattheycansucceed_othersfail.whereverwhere我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。Wesho
9、uldgo_weareneededmost.Weshouldgototheplace_weareneededmost.定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句wherewhere引导连词:引导连词:because,becauseof,as,since,for1.WhydoyouwriteanEnglishresume?-Iwriteittoapplyforthepostoftrafficpoliceman,_Iwanttoapplytheorytopractice.becausebecause回答回答why,直接原因直接原因,语气最强语气最强2._youvemadeitupwithhim,youmig
10、htaswellgetonwellwithhisfamily.“既然既然”,一般用于句首。,一般用于句首。4.Shemustbedeeplymovedbyhiscourage_hereyesbrimwithtears.forfor对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断,不放在句首。不放在句首。3._itisraining,youdbettertakeataxi.已知事实已知事实;众所周知众所周知SinceAs在表语从句和强调句中,只能用在表语从句和强调句中,只能用becausebecause引导引导.5.Itis_heservesthepeopleheartandsoul
11、thateveryonethinkshighlyofhim.because6._hiskindness,heiseasytomakealotoffriends.Becauseofbecausebecause of of 后只能接名词、代词或后只能接名词、代词或名词性短语,不能跟句子名词性短语,不能跟句子连接词:连接词:if,unless(ifnot),so/aslongas,onconditionthat(只要只要;以以.为条件为条件),incase(假使假使;以免以免)等等Youcangoouttotakeexerciseonconditionthatyoufinishyourhomewor
12、kontime.Takeanumbrellaincaseitrains.你可以出去锻炼一下,条件是你要依时完成作业。你可以出去锻炼一下,条件是你要依时完成作业。带把雨伞以防下雨。带把雨伞以防下雨。_youworkhard,youwillfailtoachieveyourgoal.Unlessunless:unless:除非除非,含有否定意义。含有否定意义。1.Weformagoodhabitofgettingupearly_wecanmemorizewhatwehavelearnedmoreeasily.2._succeed,heworkeddayandnight.3.Hepracticesh
13、ispenmanship_makeagoodimpressiononothers.目的状语从句目的状语从句so that,in order that,so as to,in order to,so that,in order that,so as to,in order to,sothatinorderthatIn order toIn order toin order to in order to so as to so as toinorderto可以用在句首或句中,可以用在句首或句中,但但soasto只能用在句只能用在句中。中。让步状语从句让步状语从句_Igethighgradesinm
14、ystudies,yetIstillfeelsomewhatafraidofmymother.Iwontlosecourage_Ifailtentimes.Although/Thoughevenif/eventhoughalthough/though不能与不能与but连用,但可以与连用,但可以与yet连用。连用。连接词连接词:though/although;evenif/eventhough;however;whatever;wherever等引导等引导Amixtureoffriendscanhelpmewith_difficultiesIencounterinlife._asksforhel
15、p,sheisreadytohelp.Nomatterwho=Whoeverwhateverwh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句。状语从句。nomatterwh-只能引导让步状语从句。只能引导让步状语从句。No matter how hardNo matter how hard he trieshe tries,he fails to catch a,he fails to catch a goat.goat.无论有多困难,我们都要坚持到底。无论有多困难,我们都要坚持到底。No matter how difficultNo matter how
16、 difficult it isit is,we will stick to,we will stick to it/keep it up.it/keep it up.我认为我认为孩子们想要什么就给什么是不明智的。这孩子们想要什么就给什么是不明智的。这很容易宠坏他们。很容易宠坏他们。I I consider it unwise to give a child consider it unwise to give a child whatever whatever he or she wants.That is easy to spoil them.he or she wants.That is
17、 easy to spoil them.2.Hewas_angry_thathegaveventtohisangerbykickingthedoor.结果状语从句结果状语从句1.Itgavehim_ashock_hisfaceturnedwhite.suchthatsothatso+形容词形容词/副词副词+thatsuch+形容词形容词+可数名词复数可数名词复数/不可数名词不可数名词+thatso+little/few/much/many+可数名词复数可数名词复数/不可数名词不可数名词+that3.Georgeearned_(太少钱了太少钱了)hecouldntaffordthecarhede
18、siredfor.solittlemoneythat她是一位如此细心周到的老师以至于学生都喜欢她。她是一位如此细心周到的老师以至于学生都喜欢她。Sheissoconsiderateateacherthatthestudentsallloveher.Sheissuchaconsiderateteacherthatthestudentsallloveher.sothat与与suchthat的区别的区别such+a/an+形容词形容词+可数名词单数可数名词单数+thatso+形容词形容词+a/an+可数名词单数可数名词单数+that方式状语从句方式状语从句Guess the meaning of t
19、he following sentences.DoinRomeastheRomansdo.Leavethingsastheyare.入乡随俗。入乡随俗。让一切顺其自然。让一切顺其自然。比较状语从句比较状语从句asas(和(和一样),一样),not as/soas(与(与不一样)不一样),than(比)比)结果正如我们预料的那么好。结果正如我们预料的那么好。Theresultwasasgoodaswehadexpected.常见句型:常见句型:the+比较级,比较级,the+比较级比较级(陈述语序陈述语序)The harder you work,the greater progressyouwi
20、llmake.Heisasdiligentashisdeskmate.Heisnotsodiligentashisdeskmate.Heworksashardashisdeskmate.Hedoesntworksohardashisdeskmate.“和和一样一样”,用,用“as+adj/advas”结构结构“不像不像那样那样”,用用“notas(so)+adj/advas”结结构构Heis_diligent_studentashisdeskmate.sb./sth.isas+adj+a/an+n.+asHeisnot_diligent_studentashisdeskmate.sb./sth
21、.isnotso+adj+a/an+n.+asasasoa倍数的表示方法倍数的表示方法Aistimesas+adj.+as+BAistimes+er+than+BAistimesthesize(length/width/depth/height)ofBOurschoolisasbigastheirs.我们的学校是他们的四倍大。我们的学校是他们的四倍大。Ourschoolisfour timesasbigastheirs.Ourschoolisthreetimes biggerthantheirs.Ourschoolisfour times the size oftheirs.1.Hisbrot
22、heris_handsome_he(is).2.Yourhouseistwiceasexpensiveas_(me).3.Thedriverdrivesfaster_heusedto(drive).4._knowledgewelearn,_(happy)wewillbe.mine1.1.保持人称代词的格前后一致保持人称代词的格前后一致.如如:1,2.:1,2.2.2.倍数词须加在比较结构的前面倍数词须加在比较结构的前面.如如:2.:2.3.3.句中相同的成分句中相同的成分,如动词如动词,常常省去常常省去.如如:1,3.:1,3.The morethanas asthe happier状语从句中
23、的省略状语从句中的省略在含有状语从句的复合句中在含有状语从句的复合句中,若从句的主若从句的主句是句是it或与主句的主语相同或与主句的主语相同,且在谓语,且在谓语中含有中含有be时,常时,常省略从句的主语和省略从句的主语和be。1.Dontspeakuntilyouarespokento.=Dontspeakuntilspokento.2.Pressurecanbeincreasedwhenitisneeded.=Pressurecanbeincreasedwhenneeded.过马路的时候要小心。过马路的时候要小心。Lookoutwhen/whilecrossingthestreet.(=wh
24、en/whileyouarecrossing)()()(1)连接词)连接词+过去分词过去分词(2)连词)连词+现在分词现在分词1.她急匆匆地走出屋去,好象很生气的样子。她急匆匆地走出屋去,好象很生气的样子。Shehurriedlylefttheroomasthough/ifangry.(=asthough/ifshewasangry)2.必要时,你应该做笔记。必要时,你应该做笔记。Youaresupposedtotakesomenoteswhennecessary.(=Whenitisnecessary,)(3 3)连词)连词+形容词形容词/其他其他如:如:ifnecessary,ifposs
25、ible,whennecessary,ifany,ifso1._(在北京的时候在北京的时候),IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.2._(当是个年轻人的时候当是个年轻人的时候),AbrahamLincolnwasastorekeeperandapostmaster.3.Hehasnomoney._(要是有的话要是有的话),hewillgiveus.4._(要是给更多的关注要是给更多的关注),Theboycouldhaveturnedoutbetter.When/WhileinBeijingWhen/AsayoungmanIfanyIfgivenmoreattentiont
26、o为了做到劳逸结合,我们会培养一些爱好。为了做到劳逸结合,我们会培养一些爱好。Inordertostrikeabalancebetweenworkandplay,wewilltakeupsomehobbies.虽然他是一个瞎子,但他没有被生活打败。虽然他是一个瞎子,但他没有被生活打败。Heisnotdefeatedbylife,eventhoughheisblind.Translatethefollowingsentences:Althoughtheauthorpointedoutthenegativefactorsofagingsocieties,healsomadepositivesugg
27、estionsofdealingwiththepotentialproblems.虽然作者指出了老龄化社会的不利因素,但他也虽然作者指出了老龄化社会的不利因素,但他也提出了解决这些潜在问题的积极建议。提出了解决这些潜在问题的积极建议。TheWTOcantliveuptoitsnameifitdoesntincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.假如世贸组织不包括占世界人口五分之一的中国假如世贸组织不包括占世界人口五分之一的中国的话,那它就名不副实。的话,那它就名不副实。Write a composition with 5 sentences ac
28、cording to the given situation:昨天上午,你惊悉你的朋友李华被一辆汽车撞昨天上午,你惊悉你的朋友李华被一辆汽车撞伤住了院,事情经过是:那天李华正要穿过大街,伤住了院,事情经过是:那天李华正要穿过大街,他很小心,直到看到绿灯亮时才开始过街。可当他他很小心,直到看到绿灯亮时才开始过街。可当他刚要走到街心时,右侧突然出现了一辆轿车,径直刚要走到街心时,右侧突然出现了一辆轿车,径直朝他开来。他躲闪不及被撞出了几米远。他立即被朝他开来。他躲闪不及被撞出了几米远。他立即被送进医院并动了手术。昨晚你去看他时,他虽已脱送进医院并动了手术。昨晚你去看他时,他虽已脱险,但仍然脸色苍白
29、。险,但仍然脸色苍白。参考词汇:躲闪:参考词汇:躲闪:dodge右侧:右侧:right-handside体裁体裁类别类别时态时态内容内容及及写作写作建建议议信息点信息点:(1)穿过大街时他很小心,)穿过大街时他很小心,直到直到看到绿灯看到绿灯亮时亮时才才开始过街开始过街(2)刚要走到街心时,右侧突然出现了一)刚要走到街心时,右侧突然出现了一辆轿车,径直朝他开来。辆轿车,径直朝他开来。(3)躲闪不及被撞出了几米远)躲闪不及被撞出了几米远(5)虽虽已脱险,但仍然脸色苍白已脱险,但仍然脸色苍白。记叙文记叙文记事的文章记事的文章过去时过去时(4)立即被送进医院并动了手术)立即被送进医院并动了手术The
30、otherdayhewasgoingtocrossastreet.Hewasverycautiousanddidntgountilhesawthetrafficlightturngreen.Buthardlyhadhegottothemiddleofthestreetwhenacarsuddenlyappearedonhisright-handsideandcamedirectlytowardshim.ItwastoolateforLiHuatododgeandhewashitbythecarandthrownafewmilesaway.HewassenttohospitalstraightawayandwhenIwenttoseehimlastnight,hewasoutofdangerbutstilllookedpale.