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1、海水预处理系统海水预处理系统 Sea Water Pretreatment System西北发电运行有限责任公司西北发电运行有限责任公司Shaanxi Northwest Power Generation Operation Co.,Ltd.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统海水预处理系统流程海水预处理系统流程Sea Water Pretreatment System FlowSeawaterSedimentation&Treatment SystemSeawater Distribution SystemSludge
2、Discharge System Seawater Storage SystemSeawater Pumping and Filtering SystemSludge Transportation SystemTo be discharged into rainwater drain Seawater Pretreatment Dosing SystemSeawaterMED Seawater Desalination SystemCompressed Air System and Flushing System篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计
3、分系统是一种得分类型的系统海水预处理设备图示海水预处理设备图示Graphic Display of Sea Water Pretreatment Equipment孔板式净水混合器设备图示Drawing of Orifice Plate Purified Water Mixer篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统海水预处理设备图示海水预处理设备图示Graphic Display of Sea Water Pretreatment Equipment小孔眼格网设备图示Drawing of Small orifice Grid
4、s篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统海水预处理设备图示海水预处理设备图示Graphic Display of Sea Water Pretreatment Equipment小间距斜板设备图示Drawing of Small-Spacing Skew PlateDrawing of Small-Spacing Skew Plate篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统海水预处理设备图示海水预处理设备图示Graphic Display of Sea Wa
5、ter Pretreatment Equipment自动冲洗过滤器设备图示Drawing of Automatic Flushing Filter篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统海水预处理设备图示海水预处理设备图示Graphic Display of Sea Water Pretreatment Equipment沉淀池设备外形图External view of sedimentation basin equipment篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类
6、型的系统混凝原理混凝原理Coagulation Principleo凝聚和絮凝的全过程称为混凝。凝聚和絮凝的全过程称为混凝。oThe whole process of coagulation and flocculation is called coagulation.o（1 1）胶体的脱稳凝聚）胶体的脱稳凝聚o(1)Destabilization and coagulation of colloido向水中投加电解质，可起到压缩双电层使胶体脱稳的作用。其向水中投加电解质，可起到压缩双电层使胶体脱稳的作用。其主要机理是向水中加入铝盐或铁盐混凝剂后，水中胶体颗粒的主要机理是向水中加入铝盐或铁盐混
7、凝剂后，水中胶体颗粒的双电层被压缩或电性中和而失去稳定性。将混凝剂与原水快速双电层被压缩或电性中和而失去稳定性。将混凝剂与原水快速均匀混合并产生一系列化学反应而脱稳，这一过程所需时间很均匀混合并产生一系列化学反应而脱稳，这一过程所需时间很短，一般在短，一般在1min1min左右。一些阳离子型的高分子聚合物也能对水左右。一些阳离子型的高分子聚合物也能对水中胶体起到脱稳凝聚作用，这类高分子聚合物在水中呈长链结中胶体起到脱稳凝聚作用，这类高分子聚合物在水中呈长链结构，带有正电荷，它们对水中胶体的脱稳凝聚是由于范德华力构，带有正电荷，它们对水中胶体的脱稳凝聚是由于范德华力吸附和静电引力共同作用的。吸附
8、和静电引力共同作用的。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统oPutting electrolyte into water can play a function of compressing electric double layer to cause colloid to lose stability.The main mechanism is electric double layer of colloidal particles lose stability because they are compressed o
9、r their electrical properties are neutralized after aluminum salt or ferric salt coagulant is added in water.Mix coagulant with raw water evenly and quickly to produce a series of chemical reactions to get the purpose of destabilization;this process needs a short time which is generally 1 min.or so.
10、Some cation type macromolecule polymers can have the effect of destabilization and coagulation on colloid in water.This type of macromolecular polymers are in a long chain structure in water and have positive charges.The destabilization and coagulation effect on colloid by macromolecular polymers ar
11、e done by Van der Waals force absorption and electrostatic attractive force together.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统混凝原理混凝原理Coagulation Principleo（2 2）絮凝和絮凝物（矾花）的形成）絮凝和絮凝物（矾花）的形成o(2)Formation of flocculation and floc o水水中中胶胶体体经经脱脱稳稳凝凝聚聚形形成成的的初初始始絮絮凝凝物物的的粒粒径径一一般般在在1m1m以以上上，这这时时
12、布布朗朗运运动动已已不不能能推推动动它它们们碰碰撞撞而而形形成成更更大大的的颗颗粒粒。为为了了使使初初始始絮絮凝凝物物互互相相碰碰撞撞而而粘粘合合成成大大颗颗粒粒的的絮絮凝凝体体，需需要要另另外外向向水水中中输输入入能能量量，产产生生速速度度梯梯度度。有有时时需需向向水水中中加加入入有有机机高高分分子子絮絮凝凝剂剂，利利用用絮絮凝凝剂剂长长链链分分子子的的吸吸附附架架桥桥作作用用提提高高碰碰撞撞产产生生粘粘合合的的几几率率。絮絮凝凝效效率通常随絮凝物浓度和絮凝时间的增加而提高。率通常随絮凝物浓度和絮凝时间的增加而提高。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的
13、计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统oThe particle size of initial floc formed through destabilization and coagulation of colloids in water is generally more than 1m;Brownian movement could not drive them to collide with each other to form bigger particles at this time.In order to initial floc collide with each other to
14、 agglutinate big floc,energy needs to be put in water additionally to produce velocity gradient.Sometimes,organic macromolecular flocculent needs to be added in water and make use of the absorption and bridging function of long-chain molecules of flocculent to improve the probability of agglutinatio
15、n production because of collision.Flocculation efficiency is improved with the increases of the floc concentration and flocculation time.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统常用的混凝药剂简介Brief Introduction of Common Coagulantso为为了了提提高高混混凝凝处处理理的的效效果果，必必须须选选用用性性能能良良好好的的药药剂剂，创创造造适适宜宜的的化化学学
16、和和水水力力学学条条件件。常常用用的的混混凝凝剂剂主主要要分分为为铝铝盐盐和和铁铁盐盐两两类类，铝铝盐盐中中以以硫硫酸酸铝铝和和聚聚合合铝铝为为主主，铁铁盐盐中中以以三三氯氯化化铁铁和和聚聚合合硫硫酸酸铁铁居居多多。铁铁盐盐与与铝铝盐盐相相比比，铁铁盐盐生生成成的的絮絮凝凝物物密密度度大大，沉沉降降速速度度快快，pHpH适适应应范范围围宽宽；混混凝凝效效果果受受温温度度的的影影响响比比铝铝盐盐小小；但但投投加加铁铁盐盐时时要要注注意意，设设备备运运行行不不正正常常时时，带带出出的的铁铁离离子子会会使使出出水水带带色色，并并可可能污染后续水处理能污染后续水处理除盐除盐设备，如阴离子交换树脂。设备
17、，如阴离子交换树脂。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统oIn order to improve coagulation treatment effect,it must choose chemicals with good performances and create suitable chemical and hydraulics conditions.Common coagulants are mainly divided into aluminum salt and ferric salt two types.A
18、luminum sulfate and polymeric aluminum take a priority in aluminum salt;ferric chloride and polymeric ferric sulfate take a main part in ferric salt.Comparing with aluminum salt,the density of floc produced by ferric salt is big;the sedimentation velocity is fast;pH application range is wide;the inf
19、luence caused by temperature on coagulation effect is weaker than that of aluminum salt.However,it should notice that iron ions taken out will cause water to have color and might pollute sequential water treatment demineralization equipment such as anion exchange resin if the equipment is in abnorma
20、l operation during adding ferric salt.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统常用的混凝药剂简介Brief Introduction of Common Coagulants硫酸铝硫酸铝Aluminum sulfateAlAl2 2(SO(SO4 4)3 318H18H2 2O O含无水硫酸铝含无水硫酸铝52%52%57%57%Including 52%57%anhydrous aluminum sulfatepH=6pH=68 8的原水的原水pH=68 raw water投加量较大时，处
21、理后水中强酸阴投加量较大时，处理后水中强酸阴离子含量明显增加离子含量明显增加The content of strong acid anion in water obviously increase after treatment when dosage is great.不适用于低温、低浊度的原水不适用于低温、低浊度的原水Not suitable for low temperature and low turbidity raw water篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统碱式氯化铝碱式氯化铝（PACPAC）Basic
22、aluminum chloride(PAC)AlAln n(OH)(OH)m mClCl3n-m3n-m(通式通式)AlAln n(OH)(OH)m mClCl3n-m3n-m(General formula)是无机高分子化合物是无机高分子化合物It is an organic macromolecular compound.适用原水浊度范围较宽，可用于低温、低浊水的适用原水浊度范围较宽，可用于低温、低浊水的处理，处理，pHpH适用范围为适用范围为5 59 9It has a wider turbidity application range for raw water and can be
23、used for low temperature and low turbidity water treatment;the application range of its pH is 59.净化效率高，投药量少，出水水质好净化效率高，投药量少，出水水质好Purification efficiency is high;chemical dosage is little and water quality of outlet water is good.使用时操作方便，腐蚀性小，劳动条件好使用时操作方便，腐蚀性小，劳动条件好The operation is convenient;corrosi
24、veness is weak and working conditions are good.有固体产品和液体产品之分有固体产品和液体产品之分It is divided into solid product and liquid product.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统常用的混凝药剂简介Brief Introduction of Common Coagulants硫酸亚铁Ferrous sulfateFeSO47H2O适用碱度高、浊度高、pH=8.19.6的原水，或与石灰处理配合使用It is suitable
25、 for raw water whose alkalinity and turbidity are high and pH=8.19.6,or it is used cooperating with lime treatment.原水pH值较低时，常采用加氯氧化方法，使二价铁变成三价铁When raw water pH is lower,the method by adding chlorine and oxidation is used to make ferrous iron become ferric iron.原水色度较深或有机物含量较高时，不宜采用It is not suitable
26、 to use it when raw water color is darker or the content of organic matters is higher.对加药设备的腐蚀性较强It is strongly corrosive to chemical dosing equipment.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统三氯化铁Ferric chlorideFeCl36H2O适用于高浊度、pH=6.08.4的原水It is suitable for raw water whose turbidity is
27、high and pH=6.08.4.易溶解、易混合、残渣少，但对金属腐蚀性大，对混凝土也有腐蚀性。因发热容易使塑料容器和设备变形It is easy to dissolve and mix;its residue is little;however,it is strongly corrosive to metal and also is corrosive to concrete.It can easily make plastic vessel and equipment deform because of heating.形成矾花大而致密，沉降速度快，适用于低温水The floc fo
28、rmed by it is big and compact and the sedimentation speed is fast;it is suitable for low temperature water.不宜用于低浊度原水It is not suitable for low turbidity raw water.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统常用的混凝药剂简介Brief Introduction of Common Coagulants聚合硫酸铁（PFS）Polymeric ferric sulfate(
29、PFS)Fe2(OH)n(SO4)3-n/2m（通式）Fe2(OH)n(SO4)3-n/2m(General formula)是无机高分子化合物It is an organic macromolecular compound.适用于有机物含量较高的原水或有机废水的处理，pH适用范围4.510It is suitable for treatment of raw water whose organic matter content is higher or organic waste water;pH application range is 4.510.净化效率高，形成的矾花大而致密，沉降速度
30、快Its purification efficiency is high;the floc formed by it is big and compact and the sedimentation speed is fast.缺点是投加量较大时处理后水的pH值低于6，如过滤效果不好则水中铁含量有所升高Its disadvantages are water pH is lower than 6 after treatment when its dosage is much,and iron content in water will increase if the filtration eff
31、ect is not good.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统常用的混凝药剂简介Brief Introduction of Common Coagulantso当由于原水水质等方面的问题，单独采用混凝剂不能取当由于原水水质等方面的问题，单独采用混凝剂不能取得良好的效果时，需要投加一些辅助药剂来提高混凝得良好的效果时，需要投加一些辅助药剂来提高混凝处理效果，这种辅助药剂称为助凝剂。助凝剂分无机处理效果，这种辅助药剂称为助凝剂。助凝剂分无机类和有机类。在无机类的助凝剂中，有的用来调整混类和有机类。在无机类的助凝剂中，有的
32、用来调整混凝过程中的凝过程中的pHpH值，有的用来增加絮凝物的密度和牢固值，有的用来增加絮凝物的密度和牢固性。典型的无机助凝剂有氧化钙、水玻璃、膨润土；性。典型的无机助凝剂有氧化钙、水玻璃、膨润土；有机类的助凝剂大都是水溶性的聚合物，分子有机类的助凝剂大都是水溶性的聚合物，分子呈呈链状链状或树枝状，其主要作用有：或树枝状，其主要作用有：离子性作用，即利用离离子性作用，即利用离子性基团进行电性中和，起絮凝作用；子性基团进行电性中和，起絮凝作用；利用高分子利用高分子聚合物的链状结构，借助吸附架桥起凝聚作用。典型聚合物的链状结构，借助吸附架桥起凝聚作用。典型的有机助凝剂有聚甲基丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酰胺（
33、的有机助凝剂有聚甲基丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酰胺（PAMPAM）等。等。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统oUsing coagulant individually can not get a good effect due to water quality problem of raw water and so on,so some assistant chemicals are added to improve coagulation treatment effect;this kind of assistant chemi
34、cal is called coagulation aid.The coagulation aid is divided into organic type and non-organic type.Some of non-organic type coagulation aids are used to regulate pH in the coagulation process while some are used to increase the density and firmness of floc.Typical organic coagulation aids include c
35、alcium oxide,water glass and bentonite;most of organic coagulation aids are water-soluble polymers whose molecules are in a chain shape or dendritic shape;the main functions are:ionicity function which is namely using ionicity group to make electrical property neutralization to playa flocculation function;using the chain structure of macromolecular polymer with the help of absorption and bridging to play a coagulation function.Typical organic coagulation aids include sodium polymethyl acrylic acid and polyacrylamide (PAM),etc.