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1、2023年英语专四试题阅读理解训练及答案详解 2023年英语专四试题阅读理解训练及答案详解 游手好闲的学习并不比学习游手好闲好。以下是我为大家搜寻整理的2023年英语专四试题阅读理解训练及答案详解，盼望对正在关注的.您有所关心!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们免费学习网! A Nation That&39;s Losing Its Toolbox The scene inside the Home Depot on Weyman Avenue here would give the old-time American craftsman pause. In Aisle 34 is precut pl
2、astic flooring, the glue already in place. In Aisle 26 are prefabricated windows. Stacked near the checkout counters, and as colorful as a Fisher-Price toy, is a not-so-serious-looking power tool: a battery-operated saw-and-drill combination. And if you don&39;t want to do it yourself, head to Aisle
3、 23 or Aisle 35, where a help desk will arrange for an installer. It&39;s all very handy stuff, I guess, a convenient way to be a do-it-yourselfer without being all that good with tools. But at a time when the American factory seems to be a shrinking presence, and when good manufacturing jobs have v
4、anished, perhaps never to return, there is something deeply troubling about this dilution of American craftsmanship. This isn&39;t a lament 伤感 - or not merely a lament - for bygone times. It&39;s a social and cultural issue, as well as an economic one. The Home Depot approach to craftsmanship - simp
5、lify it, dumb it down, hire a contractor - is one signal that mastering tools and working with one&39;s hands is receding in America as a hobby, as a valued skill, as a cultural influence that shaped thinking and behavior in vast sections of the country. That should be a matter of concern in a presi
6、dential election year. Yet neither Barack Obama nor Mitt Romney promotes himself as tool-savvy 使用工具很在行的 presidential timber, in the mold of a Jimmy Carter, a skilled carpenter and cabinet maker. The Obama administration does worry publicly about manufacturing, a first cousin of craftsmanship. When t
7、he Ford Motor Company, for example, recently announced that it was bringing some production home, the White House cheered. "When you see things like Ford moving new production from Mexico to Detroit, instead of the other way around, you know things are changing," says Gene Sperling, direct
8、or of the National Economic Council. Ask the administration or the Republicans or most academics why America needs more manufacturing, and they respond that manufacturing gives birth to innovation, brings down the trade deficit, strengthens the dollar, generates jobs, arms the military and brings ab
9、out a recovery from recession. But rarely, if ever, do they publicly take the argument a step further, asserting that a growing manufacturing sector encourages craftsmanship and that craftsmanship is, if not a birthright, then a vital ingredient of the American self-image as a can-do, inventive, we-
10、can-make-anything people. Traditional vocational training in public high schools is gradually declining, stranding thousands of young people who seek training for a craft without going to college. Colleges, for their part, have since 1985 graduated fewer chemical, mechanical, industrial and metallur
11、gical 冶金的 engineers, partly in response to the reduced role of manufacturing, a big employer of them. The decline started in the 1950s, when manufacturing generated a sturdy 28% of the national income, or gross domestic product, and employed one-third of the workforce. Today, factory output generate
12、s just 12% of G.D.P. and employs barely 9% of the nation&39;s workers. Mass layoffs and plant closings have drawn plenty of headlines and public debate over the years, and they still occasionally do. But the damage to skill and craftsmanship- that&39;s needed to build a complex airliner or a tractor
13、, or for a worker to move up from assembler to machinist to supervisor - went largely unnoticed. "In an earlier generation, we lost our connection to the land, and now we are losing our connection to the machinery we depend on," says Michael Hout, a sociologist at the University of Califor
14、nia, Berkeley. "People who work with their hands," he went on, "are doing things today that we call service jobs, in restaurants and laundries, or in medical technology and the like." That&39;s one explanation for the decline in traditional craftsmanship. Lack of interest is anot
15、her. The big money is in fields like finance. Starting in the 1980s, skill in finance grew in importance, and, as depicted in the news media and the movies, became a more appealing source of income. By last year, Wall Street traders, bankers and those who deal in real estate generated 21% of the nat
16、ional income, double their share in the 1950s. And Warren Buffett, the good-natured financier, became a homespun folk hero, without the tools and overalls 工作服. "Young people grow up without developing the skills to fix things around the house," says Richard Curtin, director of the Thomson
17、Reuters/University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers. "They know about computers, of course, but they don&39;t know how to build them." Manufacturing&39;s shrinking presence undoubtedly helps explain the decline in craftsmanship, if only because many of the nation&39;s assembly line workers
18、 were skilled in craft work, if not on the job then in their spare time. In a late 1990s study of blue-collar employees at a General Motors plant now closed in Linden, N. J., the sociologist Ruth Milkman of City University of New York found that many line workers, in their off-hours, did home renova
19、tion and other skilled work. "I have often thought," Ms. Milkman says, "that these extracurricular jobs were an effort on the part of the workers to regain their dignity after suffering the degradation of repetitive assembly line work in the factory." Craft work has higher status
20、 in nations like Germany, which invests in apprenticeship 学徒 programs for high school students. "Corporations in Germany realized that there was an interest to be served economically and patriotically in building up a skilled labor force at home; we never had that ethos 风气," says Richard S
21、ennett, a New York University sociologist who has written about the connection of craft and culture. The damage to American craftsmanship seems to parallel the steep slide in manufacturing employment. Though the decline started in the 1970s, it became much steeper beginning in 2000. Since then, some
22、 5.3 million jobs, or one-third of the workforce in manufacturing, have been lost. A stated goal of the Obama administration is to restore a big chunk of this employment, along with the multitude of skills that many of the jobs required. As for craftsmanship itself, the issue is how to preserve it a
23、s a valued skill in the general population. Ms. Milkman, the sociologist, argues that American craftsmanship isn&39;t disappearing as quickly as some would argue - that it has instead shifted to immigrants. "Pride in craft, it is alive in the immigrant world," she says. 留意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
24、1. How did the author feel looking at the scene inside the Home Depot? A He felt proud that he was a do-it-youselfer himself. B He was inspired by the way the wares were displayed. C He felt troubled about the weakening of American craftsmanship. D He was happy to see the return of the do-it-yoursel
25、f spirit in America. 2. What does the author think of mastering tools and working with one&39;s hands? A It shapes people&39;s thinking and behavior. B It is no longer important in modern times. C It helps politicians connect with workmen. D It is essential to advanced manufacturing. 3. How did the
26、White House respond to Ford&39;s announcement to bring some production A It worried publicly. B It felt much relieved. C It made no comment. D It welcomed the decision. 4. How does the author view manufacturing? A It encourages craftsmanship. B It is vital to national defense. C It can change the se
27、lf-image of workers. D It represents the nation&39;s glorious past. 5. What do we learn about America&39;s manufacturing in the 1950s? A It generated just 12% of the gross national income. B It constituted 28% of the gross domestic product. C It was the biggest employer of American workers. D It was
28、 the most active sector of American economy. 6. What does the author say is a factor contributing to the decline in traditional craftsmanship? A Automation makes it unnecessary to employ too many skilled workers. B People can earn more money in fields other than manufacturing. C Many people now tend
29、 to look down upon working with hands. D Young people no longer look upon skill as an important asset. 7. In Ruth Milkman&39;s opinion, many assembly line workers did home renovation and other skilled work in their off-hours in order to _. A save money B relieve boredom C regain their dignity D impr
30、ove their living conditions 8. Compared with that in America, the status of craft work in Germany is _. 9. According to Ruth Milkman, American craftsmanship, instead of disappearing, is being taken up by _. 10. According to Mr. Axelrod of Home Depot, people are trying to ride by _. 参考答案1、c 2、a 3、d 4、a 5、b 6、b 7、c 8. higher 9. immigrants 10. building up skill PREV ARTICLE2023年英语专业八级考试题型及评分要求NEXT ARTICLE英语专业八级作文优秀范文观赏