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1、元元素素的的相相对对原原子子质质量量表表元素序数元素名称元素符号相对原子质量元素序数元素名称元素符号相对原子质量元素序数元素名称元素符号相对原子质量1氢H1.007915磷P30.97429铜Cu63.5462氦He4.002616硫S32.06630锌Zn65.393锂Li6.94117氯Cl 35.45331镓Ga69.7234铍Be9.012218氩Ar39.94832锗Ge72.615硼B10.81119钾K39.09833砷As74.9226碳C12.01120钙Ca40.07834硒Se78.967氮N14.00721钪Sc44.95635溴Br79.9048氧O15.99922钛
2、Ti47.86736氪Kr83.89氟F18.98823钒V50.94237铷Rb85.46810氖Ne20.1824铬Cr51.99638锶Sr87.6211钠Na22.9925锰Mn54.93839钇Y88.90612镁Mg24.30526铁Fe55.84540锆Zr91.22413铝Al26.98227钴Co58.93341铌Nb92.90614硅Si28.08628镍Ni58.69342钼Mo95.94元元素素的的相相对对原原子子质质量量表表元素序数元素名称元素符号相对原子质量元素序数元素名称元素符号相对原子质量元素序数元素名称元素符号相对原子质量43锝Tc97.90757镧La138
3、.90571镥Lu174.96744钌Ru101.0758铈Ce140.11672铪Hf178.4945铑Rh102.9159镨Pr140.90773钽Ta180.94746钯Pd106.4260钕Nd144.24274钨W183.8447银Ag107.8761钷Pm144.9175铼Re186.20748镉 Cd112.4162钐Sm150.3676锇Os190.2349铟In114.81863铕Eu151.9677铱Ir192.21750锡Sn118.7164钆Gd157.2578铂Pt195.08451锑Sb121.7665铽Tb158.92579金Au196.96652碲Te127.6
4、66镝Dy162.580汞Hg200.5953碘I126.90467钬Ho164.9381铊Tl204.38354氙Xe131.29368铒Er167.25982铅Pb 207.255铯Cs132.90569铥Tm168.9383铋Bi208.9856钡Ba137.32770镱Yb173.0484钋Po208.982元元素素的的相相对对原原子子质质量量表表元素序数元素名称元素符号相对原子质量元素序数元素名称元素符号相对原子质量元素序数元素名称元素符号相对原子质量85砹At209.98799锿Es252.0886氡Rn222.02100镄Fm257.187钫Fr223.02101钔Md258.1
5、88镭Re226.03102锘No259.189锕Ac227.03103铹Lr262.1190钍Th232.038104钅卢Rf261.1191镤Pa231.035105钅罕Db262.1192铀U238.028106106号Unh263.1293镎Np237.05107107号Uns264.1294钚Pu244.06108108号Uno265.1395镅Am243.06109109号Uun(268)96锔Cm247.07110110号Uun(269)97锫Bk247.07111111号Uuv(272)98锎Cf 251.08112112号Uub1L1L水水中中硬硬度度为为1 1德德国国度度的
6、的化化合合物物含含量量（mg/Lmg/L）序号化合物名称化合物含量序号化合物名称化合物含量1CaO102Ca7.143CaCl219.174CaCO317.855CaSO424.286Ca(HCO3)228.97Mg4.348MgO7.199MgCO31510MgCl216.9811MgSO421.4712Mg(HCO3)226.113BaCl237.1414BaCO335.215161718192021222324常常用用溶溶剂剂适适用用的的非非金金属属材材料料表表溶剂名称适用材料不适用材料汽油氯丁橡胶、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、氟（树）脂天然橡胶、聚苯乙烯乙醇合成橡胶、天然橡胶乙酸聚氯乙烯天然橡胶
7、丙酮硅橡胶、氟（树）脂丁晴橡胶、聚氯乙烯煤油丁晴橡胶、软聚氯乙烯、聚硫橡胶天然橡胶、硅橡胶苯酚醋树脂、聚乙烯醇树脂天然橡胶、硬质橡胶、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯甘油天然橡胶、合成橡胶、硬质橡胶石脑油聚乙烯醇、双氧（树）脂天然橡胶、硬质橡胶乙二醇合成橡胶、硬质橡胶天然橡胶、聚苯乙烯异丙醇天然橡胶、软聚氯乙烯二甲苯聚乙烯醇树脂、酚醋树脂天然橡胶、合成橡胶冰醋酸氯丁橡胶、聚硫橡胶四氧化碳聚乙烯醇树脂天然橡胶、聚氯乙烯、酚醋树脂丁基溶解剂天然橡胶、合成橡胶氯甲烷丁基橡胶天然橡胶、硬质橡胶氯苯天然橡胶、合成橡胶氯仿天然橡胶、合成树脂、软质聚氯乙烯松节油丁晴橡胶天然橡胶、硬质橡胶甲醇天然橡胶、合成橡胶、硬质橡胶丁醇
8、天然橡胶、合成橡胶异丁醇天然橡胶 常常用用酸酸溶溶液液的的密密度度和和浓浓度度 1 1盐盐酸酸密度浓度g/cm3%kg/m3,g/Lmol波美度1.0032110.030.2750.51.0082220.160.5531.21.0181440.721.122.61.0279661.671.693.91.0376883.012.285.31.047410104.72.876.61.057412126.93.487.91.067514149.54.19.21.077616172.44.7310.41.087818195.85.3711.71.09820219.66.0212.91.10832224
9、3.86.6914.21.118724268.57.3615.41.12926293.58.0516.61.1392283198.7517.71.149230344.89.4618.81.15933237110.219.91.169134397.510.9211.178936424.411.6221.188538451.612.4231.19840479.213.124 常常用用酸酸溶溶液液的的密密度度和和浓浓度度 2 2硫硫酸酸密度浓度g/cm3%kg/m3,g/Lmol波美度1.0051110.050.1030.71.0118220.040.2071.71.0184330.550.3122
10、.61.0254410.4183.51.0317551.590.5284.51.0385662.310.645.41.0453773.170.796.31.0522884.180.867.21.0591985.320.978.11.066110106.61.0991.0731111181.219.91.080212129.61.3210.81.087413141.41.4411.71.094714153.51.5712.51.10215165.31.6913.41.109416177.31.8114.31.116817189.91.9415.21.1243182002.42.07161.131
11、8192152.1916.91.139420227.92.3317.71.147121240.92.4618.61.154822254.12.5919.41.162623267.42.7320.31.170424280.92.8721.11.178325294.63.0121.91.186226308.43.1522.8 常常用用酸酸溶溶液液的的密密度度和和浓浓度度 2 2硫硫酸酸密度浓度g/cm3%kg/m3,g/Lmol波美度1.194227322.43.2923.61.202328336.63.4324.41.2104293513.5825.21.218530365.53.73261.2
12、26731380.33.8826.81.234932395.24.0327.61.243233410.34.1928.41.251534425.54.3429.11.2599354414.529.91.268436456.64.6630.71.276937472.54.8231.41.285538488.54.9832.21.294139504.75.15331.302840521.15.333.71.311641537.85.534.51.320542554.65.6535.21.329443571.65.8535.91.338444588.9636.71.347645606.46.237.
13、41.356946624.26.3538.11.360347642.26.5538.91.375848660.46.7539.61.385449678.86.940.31.395150697.67.141.11.404951716.57.341.81.414852735.77.542.5 常常用用酸酸溶溶液液的的密密度度和和浓浓度度 2 2硫硫酸酸密度浓度g/cm3%kg/m3,g/Lmol波美度1.424853755.17.743.21.43554774.97.9441.445355794.98.144.71.455756815.28.345.41.466257835.78.546.11.4
14、76858856.58.7546.81.487559877.68.9547.51.4983608999.1548.21.509161920.69.448.91.5262942.49.649.61.53263964.59.8550.31.542164986.910.05511.553365101010.351.71.564666103310.5552.31.57667105610.75531.58746810791153.71.598969110311.2554.31.610570112711.5551.622171115211.7555.61.63387211761256.31.6456731
15、20112.2556.91.657474122612.557.51.669275125212.7558.11.68176127813.0558.71.692777130313.359.31.704378132913.5559.9 常常用用酸酸溶溶液液的的密密度度和和浓浓度度 2 2硫硫酸酸密度浓度g/cm3%kg/m3,g/Lmol波美度1.715879135513.860.51.727280138214.161.11.738381140814.3561.61.749182143414.662.11.759483146014.962.61.769384148615.15631.77868515
16、1215.463.51.787286153715.6563.91.795187156215.9564.21.802288158616.1564.51.808789161016.464.81.814490163316.6565.11.819591165616.965.31.82492167817.165.51.827993170017.3565.71.831294172117.5565.81.833795174217.7565.91.835596176217.95661.836497178118.15661.836198179918.35661.834299181618.565.91.83051
17、00181318.6565.8 常常用用酸酸溶溶液液的的密密度度和和浓浓度度 3 3硝硝酸酸密度浓度g/cm3%kg/m3,g/Lmol波美度1.0036110.040.1590.51.0091220.180.321.31.0146330.440.4832.11.0201440.80.6472.91.0256552.280.8143.61.0312661.870.9824.41.0369772.581.155.21.0427883.421.325.91.0485994.371.56.71.054310105.41.677.51.060211116.61.858.21.066112127.92.
18、0391.072113139.42.219.81.078114150.92.3910.51.084215162.62.5811.31.090316174.42.77121.096417186.42.9612.81.102618198.53.1513.51.108819210.73.3414.21.115202233.54151.121321235.53.7415.71.27622248.13.9416.41.13423260.84.1317.11.140424273.74.3417.91.146925286.74.5518.61.153426299.94.7619.4 常常用用酸酸溶溶液液的的
19、密密度度和和浓浓度度 3 3硝硝酸酸密度浓度g/cm3%kg/m3,g/Lmol波美度1.1627313.24.97201.166628326.65.1820.71.173329340.35.421.41.18303545.6222.11.186731367.95.8422.81.193432381.96.0623.51.200233396.16.2924.21.207134410.46.5125.61.21435424.96.7426.21.220536439.46.9726.31.227374547.227.51.233538468.77.4428.11.239939483.67.6728
20、.71.246340498.57.9129.31.252741513.68.1529.81.259142528.88.3930.41.265543544.28.641.271944559.68.83311.278345575.29.1331.61.284746590.79.3832.11.291147606.89.6332.71.297548622.89.8833.21.3044963910.133.81.315065510.434.31.31651671.210.734.81.321952687.410.935.3 常常用用酸酸溶溶液液的的密密度度和和浓浓度度 3 3硝硝酸酸密度浓度g/cm
21、3%kg/m3,g/Lmol波美度1.327853703.711.135.81.333654720.111.436.31.339355736.611.736.71.344956753.11237.21.350557769.812.237.61.35658786.512.538.11.361459803.212.738.51.3667608201338.91.371961836.913.339.31.376962853.113.539.71.381863870.513.840.11.386664887.414.140.41.391365904.314.440.81.395966921.314.6
22、41.11.400467938.314.941.51.404868955.315.241.81.409169972.315.442.11.413470989.415.742.41.41767110061642.71.421872102416.3431.425873104116.543.31.429874105816.843.61.433775107517.143.91.437576109317.344.11.441377111017.644.41.44578112717.944.7 常常用用酸酸溶溶液液的的密密度度和和浓浓度度 1 1盐盐酸酸密度浓度g/cm3%kg/m3,g/Lmol波美度1
23、.448679114418.244.91.452180116218.445.11.455581117918.745.41.45898211961945.61.462283121419.345.81.465584123119.546.11.468685124819.846.31.471686126620.146.51.474587128320.446.71.477388130020.646.81.4889131720.9471.482690133421.247.21.48591135121.447.41.487392136821.747.51.48929313852247.61.49129414
24、0222.347.81.493295141922.547.91.495296143522.8481.49749714522348.21.500898147123.348.41.505699149123.748.71.512910015132449.2根据水中游离碳酸含量和加热湿度计算出来允许的硬度游离碳酸含量加热至 湿度时冷却水允许硬度mgL-1203040506070104.64.23.83.53.22.9205.85.24.84.44.03.7306.665.55.04.64.2407.36.66.05.55.14.6507.87.16.55.95.54.9608.37.66.96.35.
25、85.3809.28.37.66.96.45.81009.49.08.27.56.96.2氢氢氧氧化化钠钠、氨氨水水和和石石灰灰乳乳密密度度及及浓浓度度（2020）1、氢氧化钠密度浓度g/cm3%kg/m3，g/L波美度1.0095110.11.41.0207221.412.91.0318330.954.51.0428441.7161.0538552.697.41.0648663.898.81.0758775.3110.21.0869886.9511.61.0979998.8112.91.108910110.914.21.130912135.716.81.15314161.419.21.175
26、11618821.61.197218215.523.91.219120243.826.11.24112227328.21.262924303.130.21.28482633432.11.306428365.8341.327930398.435.81.34932431.737.51.369634465.739.11.3936500.440.71.410138535.842.2氢氢氧氧化化钠钠、氨氨水水和和石石灰灰乳乳密密度度及及浓浓度度（2020）1、氢氧化钠密度浓度g/cm3%kg/m3，g/L波美度1.434052743.61.449442608.7451.468544646.146.31.
27、487346684.247.51.506348723.148.81.525350762.749.9氢氢氧氧化化钠钠、氨氨水水和和石石灰灰乳乳密密度度及及浓浓度度（2020）2、氨水密度NH3浓度密度NH3浓度g/cm3%g/Lmol/Lg/cm3%g/Lmol/L0.99419.940.580.99219.791.160.981439.242.310.973658.383.430.965877.214.540.9581095.755.630.95121146.710.943141327.770.93616149.88.810.9318167.39.840.92320184.610.860.91
28、622201.611.860.9124218.412.850.9042623513.820.89628251.414.790.89230267.615.74氢氢氧氧化化钠钠、氨氨水水和和石石灰灰乳乳密密度度及及浓浓度度（2020）3、石灰乳（水）密度CaO浓度Ca(OH)2质量浓度密度CaO浓度Ca(OH)2质量浓度g/cm3%g/L%g/cm3%g/L%1.0090.99101.311.18421.1225027.911.0171.96202.591.19121.8426028.861.0252.93303.871.19822.5527029.81.0323.88405.131.20523.
29、2428030.711.0394.81506.361.21323.9229031.611.0465.74607.581.2224.630032.511.0546.64708.781.0617.54809.961.0688.439011.141.0759.310012.291.08310.1611013.431.0911.0112014.551.09711.8513015.661.10412.6814016.761.11113.515017.841.11914.316018.91.12615.117019.951.13315.89180211.1416.6719022.031.14817.432
30、0023.031.15518.1921024.041.16218.9422025.031.16919.6823026.011.17620.4124026.97浓浓度度的的表表示示方方法法名称符号溶质量溶液量 溶剂量备注物质的量浓度摩尔每立方米SI1mol/m31克分子，负离子或其他指定基本单元克数1立方米摩尔每立方米1mmol/dm3，mmol/L1克分子，负离子或其他指定基本单元克数1升代替IM摩尔每立方米1mmol/dm3，mmol/L1毫克分子、离子或其他指定基本单元毫克数1升代替1mm摩尔波度摩尔每千克SI1mol/kg1克分子，负离子或其他指定基本单元克数1000克当 浓度1N，gN/L1克当量分子或离子1升非法定单位毫量浓度1mN,me/L,meg/L1毫克当量分子或离子1升非法定单位mgN/L质量百分浓度1%(W/W)1克100克容量百分浓度1%(V/V)1毫升100毫升质量/容量百分浓度1%(W/V)1克100毫升质量千分率11克100克质量体积浓度毫克每升1mg/L1毫克1升质量体积浓度微克每升1g/L1微克1升百万分率1ppm1毫克100克十亿分率1ppb1微克100克万亿分率1ppt0.001微克100克当量百分率1epm1毫克当量100克非法定单位注：SI国际单位，为SI导出单位或法定单位