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1、大学英语写作大学英语写作大学英语写作大学英语写作四级四级大学英语写作评分标准大学英语写作评分标准2分：条理不清，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有语法错误，且多数为严重错误。5分：基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。8分：基本切题，表达思想比较清楚，但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。11分：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分：切题，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本无语 言错误。评分的其他事项评分的其他事项1.卷面整洁。字体清晰，大小适中，合理利用空间。（每行10-12个字）2.文字整洁。没有刺眼的语法，拼写错误，预计通顺。3.内容和语言的结合。言之有物，言之
2、有理。段落的写作段落的写作一一.段落的基本结构段落的基本结构1.主题句主题句特点：1）含有controlling idea（指作者的态度）2）引出段落主题即topic（指这一段是关于什么的）位置：段首：主题句+扩展句2.扩展句扩展句3.结尾句结尾句二二.段落的展开段落的展开1.举例法举例法People can benefit a lot from raising pets.Firstly,people can derive happiness from raising pets.For example,no matter how you look and dress,your pet dogs
3、 always wag the tails,rub against you,purr or look at you with adoring eyes when you come home.In addition,people who own pet are healthier.A good case in point is that peoples blood pressure will fall when they stroke their pets.常用的连词常用的连词For example,for instance,as an example,takeas an example,suc
4、h as,a case in point2.列举法列举法There are four or more ways to keep fit foreveryone of us.Firstly,we should have our breakfast,such as milk,eggs,bread and so on.Secondly,we should have a short nap,even 30 minutes,at noon.Thirdly,sports exercises are necessary for everyone and we can do some sports exerc
5、ises in the afternoon.And fourthly,we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to both popular and classic music.常用连词常用连词First，firstly，in the first place，first of all,in the beginning，to beginning with，to start with，second，secondly，third，thirdly，nest，besides，in addition，moreover，als
6、o，still，above all，most importantly，last，lastly，finally，eventually，last but not least，for one thingsfor another三.分类法分类法Some books are to be tasted,others are too be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is,some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but not curiously;and
7、 some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy,and extracts made of them bothers;but that would be only in the less important arguments and the meaner sort of books,else distilled books are like common distilled water,flashy things.Francisco Bacon
8、On Study常用连词常用连词Divideinto,fall into,be classified,there are kind,first,second,last,also,besides,moreover,whats more,furthermore,in addition,most importantly,finally四四.因果分析法因果分析法There is a trend in high school students going abroad for college education.Several factors can account for this phenomeno
9、n.First,the domestic college education cannot meet the social demands chiefly because there are far morecandidates every year for the places that college and university can offer.Besides,the rich living standard makes it possible for some parents to well afford the expenses of studying abroad.The ph
10、enomenon also reflects the high regard Chinese people have for higher education.As a result,it is not so hard to understand why more and more high school students seek college education abroad.常用连词常用连词Because,since,as,for,because of,dueto,owing to,for this reason,therefore,thus,on account of,consequ
11、ently,as a result,lead to,suchthat,the morethe more五五.比较法比较法Radio and television are very popular in China.Both radio and television have become essential parts of our daily life,keeping informed of the news of the world,instructing us in many fields of interest and entertaining us with singing and
12、dancing.Besides,the common functions,both of them have their own advantages.Generally speaking,a radio is so handy that we can carry it with us wherever we go.It is also cheap.In addition,it leaves us more room to imagine by giving voice.On the other hand,a television set offers a rich and colorful
13、world in front of us.We can not only hear but also see what is happening on its screen.常用连词常用连词like,as,likewise,similarly,in the same way,equally,in comparison with,by contrast,on the contrary,on the other hand,unlike,but,however,yet,whereas,while六六.叙述法叙述法It was at about 9:00 on Saturday morning,Jun
14、e 15th.When I went out of the university to visit a friend of mine.I was walking leisurely on the sidewalk when I heard a loud crash of two vehicles.Two taxis crashed together.It was a traffic accident.I went up and found that two taxis were badly damaged.One door of the car was knocked off and lyin
15、g on the ground.One driver was bleeding and another was shut in the taxi.Some people were trying to help the driver get out of the damaged car.One man was calling the traffic policeman station.A lot of cars were jammed on the road.常用连词常用连词时间顺序：时间顺序：soon,then,after a while,towards the end of,in the p
16、ast,in the first year空间顺序：空间顺序：Beyond，above，nearby，outside，in，between，next to，on the top of，in front of，across，close to，on the left，ahead of，behind，on，opposite to，in the south，on either side of 篇章的衔接与连贯篇章的衔接与连贯1.主题句控制全局主题句控制全局2.实用过渡性词语实用过渡性词语3.关键词的反复使用关键词的反复使用常见体裁常见体裁1.描写文描写文2.说明文说明文3.议论文议论文4.应用文应用文
17、常考作文类型分析常考作文类型分析现象解释型现象解释型一一.基本结构基本结构第一段:简要描述某一现象或某一观点第二段：阐述产生这种现象的原因或此现象或观点的有利性或危害性等第三段：重申观点或表明自己的看法例文：2003年1月 It pays to be honest 1.当前，社会上存在着许多不诚实的现象 2.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实 二二.常用句型常用句型1.This phenomenon has caused wide public concern.2.It is commonly accepted/acknowledged that3.Nowadays/In recently years
18、4.This has caused a lot of problems.5.A survey shows that6.First,second,finally,besides,moreover7.Only by doing so can we8.For example,for instance9.There exists/exist10.There is no denying that问题对策型问题对策型一一.基本结构基本结构第一段：描述现状，形式，提出问题，指出问 题的危害性第二段：分析问题，提出解决问题的方法或者说明处理问题的方式第三段：表明自己的态度。简要评价前面段落中体积的方法或选取其
19、中一两种自己认为合适的方法，并说明其原因例文：2001年1月 How to succeed in a job interview 1.面试在求职过程中的作用 2.取得面试成功的因素：仪表，谈吐举止，能力，自信，实事求是二二.常用句型常用句型1.On the one hand,on the other hand2.Many ways can contribute to/lead to3.To solve this thorny problems,several methods can be adopted.4.First,second,third,5.First of all,secondly,
20、thirdly6.To begin with,nest,then,besides,in addition,furthermore,7.As the first example,as another example8.In the first place,in the second place9.To sum up,in conclusion10.As for me,as far as I am concerned,it is high time that,in fact观点对比型观点对比型一.基本结构第一段：对要评述的事物或现象进行整体介绍第二段：陈述两种不同的观点或做法，进行比较第三段：表明
21、自己的观点或结论例文：2005年12月 Should university campus be open to tourists?1.名校校园正成为新旅游热点 2.校园是否应该对游客开放，人们看法不同 3.我认为 二二.常用句型常用句型1.When it comes to2.In recent years more and more people tend to 3.Nowadays wherever you go,you will find4.Some people take a different attitude towards5.Above all,at first,besides,n
22、ot only.but also6.For one thing.for another7.In contrast,on the other hand8.As can be concluded from analyses above,we should9.Views/opinions onvaries from person to person.10.In my opinion,I prefer/think/hold that观点论证型观点论证型一一.基本结构基本结构第一段：提出观点第二段：对观点进行论述，论证观点的正确性或批判其危害性第三段：表明自己的看法或观点例文：1999年1月 Don h
23、esitate to say“no”1.别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不”？2.为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”？3.该说“不”的时候不说“不”的坏处。二.常用句型常用句型1.For one thingfor another2.it is not always the case.3.Many people prefer to do4.On the one handon the other hand5.There is a general debate today over the phenomenon of6.As for me,Im firmly convinced that
24、7.It is well accepted that8.Those who are in favor of.advocate that.9.In reality,as matter of fact,most important of all,no doubt10.In brief,in conclusion,in summary,as I have shown,in short,in other words,all in all叙事型叙事型一.基本结构第一段：介绍主题，描述事件发生的时间，地点，人物第二段：描述事件发生的起因，经过和结果第三段：写出个人感受例文:2003年9月 The day
25、my classmate fell ill(got injured)1.简述一下这位同学生病或受伤的情况 2.同学，老师和我是如何帮助他的 3.人与人之间的这种互相关爱给我的感受是图表作文型图表作文型一.基本结构基本结构第一段：描述图表中所反映的现象或变化；引用具有代表性的数据，说明主题第二段：就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析原因或影响第三段：提出解决问题的方法，或预测未来趋势例文：2002年6月 Students used of computer 1.上图为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间。请描述其变化 2.说明产生变化的原因（可从计算机的用途，价格胡社会变化等方面加以说明）3.你认为目
26、前大学生在计算机的使用中有什么困 难或问题二.常用句型常用句型1.According to the graph/table/chart,during the period from _ to _,_ increased significantly,while _ decreased/dropped sharply.2.it is obvious in the table/graph that the rate/number/amount of _ has undergone dramatic changes.3.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped consi
27、derably/remained the same in the recent years4.As shown in the graph,_rose abruptly/gradually 5.As has been stated6.The chart/bar/pie/figureshows/summarizes/presents a striking/remarkable/difference among/between7.The data/figure could be interpreted as follows.8.The data/figures presented in the ch
28、art seem rather convincing.9.There are a huge number of reasons behind this phenomenon.First of all,secondly,10.There is an upward trend in the number which hits the highest peak说明利弊型说明利弊型一.基本结构基本结构第一段：介绍现象或事物，并分析该现象或事物的好处第二段：分析该现象或事物的不利之处第三段：权衡利弊，得出结论或提出自己的看法例文：2006年6月 On students selecting lecture
29、rs 1.一些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师 2.选择任课老师时应该注意的问题 3.这种现象的利与弊二.常用句型常用句型1.The advantages outweigh the disadvantages.2.Nothing can rival3.There could be no doubt that_ has drawbacks as well as merits.4.A is superior to B5.When asked the question whether A is better than B,people may give e different answers6
30、.Some people appreciate/prefer7.however,each has its own advantages.8.It is easy to see that both A and B have their own advantages and disadvantages.9.It is true thatbut10.By comparison,A is more important/attractive/better than.Writing Practice1.Income Gap 1.现今国内收入差距越来越大 2.产生这种现象的原因 3.我的看法2.Why do
31、 college students take part in social practice?1.越来越多的大学生参加社会实践 2.产生这种现象的原因 3.我的看法3.Different sex，equal rights 1.目前，男女逐渐获得平等 2.女性社会地位提高的原因 3.男女平等方面仍然存在的问题4.The prevalence of western holidays 1.中国传统节日收到冷遇，西方节日日益升温已成趋势 2.形成这种现象的原因 3.你对这种现象的态度 5.College students pressure 1.大学生面临着越来越大的压力 2.产生这种现象的原因 3.你
32、的建议6.On piracy 1.盗版现象日益严重 2.造成这种现象的原因 3.你的看法7.How to eliminate fake diploma1.现今社会假文凭泛滥2.如何解决这一问题8.How to solve traffic problems in cities 1.城市交通问题严重 2.如何解决这一问题9.How to maintain a harmonious dormitory life 1.宿舍生活有时会出现不和谐的情况 2.和谐宿舍生活的必要性 3.如何创造和谐的宿舍生活10.Getting to know the world outside the campus 1.大
33、学生了解社会的意义 2.了解社会的途径（如：大众媒体，社会服务等）3.我打算怎么办？11.Why do we learn?1.大学生中许多人把拿到文凭视为学习的目的2.也有一些人认为大学的学习应该以发展个个人兴趣和培养特长为目标3.我的看法12.Is a test of spoken English necessary?1.Many people consider it necessary to adopt the test of spoken English.2.Some people,however,take a different attitude3.As far as I am con
34、cerned13.On overseas study 1.有些人认为出国是自我发展的最佳途径 2.另外一些人则认为在国内也能充分展示个人的才华 3.我的看法14.If there were no advertisements 1.有的人认为广告完全没有必要 2.有的人认为我们的社会离不开广告 3.我的观点 15.Can test tell the whole story?1.有人认为，考试能完全反应本人的水平 2.有人反对 3.你的看法16.My view on fate 1.有人相信命中注定 2.有人认为自己是命运的主宰 3.你的看法17.Where there is a will,ther
35、e is a way 1.简要说明有志者，事竟成的含义 2.论述该言语的正确性 3.表明自己的观点，得出结论18.Competition and personal development 1.竞争几乎存在于我们生活的方方面面 2.竞争固然残酷，却对人的发展起着重要作用 3.人们应当如何正确看待竞争，促进个人发展19.Is thriftiness still a good virtue？1.随着生活水平的提高，许多人不赞成搞节俭 2.节俭和朴素的生活方式过时了吗？3.说明你的观点，并给出原因20.On corporation and competition 1.合作不可少 2.竞争也很重要 3.你的看法