中考英语复习课件-代词(张煜).ppt

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1、第一篇第一篇 词法词法三、三、代词代词复习要点复习要点1.代词的种代词的种类类 2.人称代词的用法人称代词的用法3.物主代词的用物主代词的用法法 4.反身代词的用法反身代词的用法5.指示代词的用指示代词的用法法 6.疑问代词的用法疑问代词的用法 7.不定代词的用不定代词的用法法1)some与与any的区的区别别 2)few,a few,little,a little在用在用法上法上的区别的区别3)every与与each的区的区别别 4)other,the other,another,others,the others的区别的区别5)all和和both的用法的用法8.相互代词的用相互代词的用法法

2、 9.关系代词的用法关系代词的用法10.正误辨正误辨析析 11.例题解析例题解析12.课时训练课时训练知识概要知识概要 英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。代词一览表代词一览表名称名称代代 词词人称代词人称代词主格代词主格代词I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格代词宾格代词me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代词物主代词形容词性形容词性 my,your,his,her,

3、its,ours,your,they 名词性名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourself,themselves 指示代词指示代词this,that,these,those疑问代词疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which不定代词不定代词some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either 相互代词相互代词each oth

4、er关系代词关系代词who,whose,whom,that,which.难点链接难点链接一一.人称代词的用法人称代词的用法1.人称代词的人称、数和格。人称代词的人称、数和格。2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如:人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如:I like table tennis.(作主语)(作主语)Do you know him?(作宾语)(作宾语)3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:-Whos is knocking at the door?-Its me.4.人称代词在人称代词在than之

5、后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如:如:He is older than me.He is older than I am.二二.物主代词的用法物主代词的用法1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。主代词。2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-b

6、ox.3.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here,and theirs is there.(作主语)(作主语)-Is this English-book yours?(作表语)(作表语)-No.Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework.Have you finished yours?(作宾语)(作宾语)难点链接难点链接三三.反身代词的用法反身代词的用法 英语中用来表示英语中用来表示“我自己我自己”,“你自己你自己”

7、,“他自己他自己”,“我们自己我们自己”,“你们自己你们自己“,”他们自己他们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词。反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。之为自身代名词。反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。1.作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语。作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语。指同一个人或一些人。指同一个人或一些人。He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2.作表语。作表语。It doesnt m

8、atterIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3.作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。I myself washed the clothes(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主语同位语)(作主语同位语)You should ask the teacher himself(作宾语同位语)(作宾语同位语)四四.指示代词的用法指示代词的用法 指示代词包括:指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。1.this和和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近

9、的事物或人,一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如:则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如:This is a pen and that is a pencilWe are busy these daysIn those days the workers had a hard time2.有时有时that和和those指前面讲到过的事物,指前面讲到过的事物,this 和和these则是指下面将要讲则是指下面将要讲 到的事物,例如:到的事物,例如:I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.What I wan

10、t to say is this;pronunciation is very important in learning English3.有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或或those代替,例如:代替,例如:Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4.this 在电话用语中代表自己,在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如:则代表对方。例如:Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?难点链接难点

11、链接难点链接难点链接五五.疑问代词的用法疑问代词的用法 疑问代词有疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和和which等等。疑。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如:一句子成分。例如:Who is going to come here tomorrow?(作主语)(作主语)What is that?(作表语作表语)Whose umbrella is this?(作定语作定语)Whom are you waiting for?(作宾语作宾语)六六.不定代词的用法不定代词的用法不是指明代替任何特

12、定名词的代词叫做不定代词,不定代词有:不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,不定代词有:some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:明如下:1.some与与any的区别的区别1)some多用于肯定句,表示多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接不可数作形容词时,后面可以接不可数名词或可数名词名词或可数名词(复数)。复数)。Look!Some

13、 of the students are cleaning the library.Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2)any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何一些,任何”用作形容词时,用作形容词时,后面可以接不可数名词或可数名词后面可以接不可数名词或可数名词(复数)。复数)。If you have any questions,please ask me.There isnt any orange in the bottle.Have you got any tea?3)any和和some也可以作代

14、词用,表示也可以作代词用,表示“一些一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句多用于疑问句或否定句中,中,some多用于肯定句中。多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?I cant see any.If you have no money,Ill lend you some.注意:与注意:与some,any结合的词如结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和大致和some,any的用

15、法相同。的用法相同。难点链接难点链接难点链接难点链接 2.few,a few,little,a little在用法上的区别在用法上的区别1)用作形容词,)用作形容词,few,a few 修饰可数名词(且写成复数),修饰可数名词(且写成复数),little,a little 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词。Im going to buy a few apples.He can speak only a little Chinese.There is only a little milk in the glass.He has few friends.They had little money wi

16、th them.2)a little和和little也可以用作副词,也可以用作副词,a little表示表示“有点,稍微有点,稍微”,little表示表示“很少很少”。Im a little hungry.(修饰形容词修饰形容词hungry)Let him sleep a little.(修饰动词修饰动词sleep)Mary,go a little faster,please.(修饰副词比较级修饰副词比较级)She slept very little last night.3.every与与each的区别。的区别。Each:1)可单独使用,可单独使用,2)可做代名词、形容词,可做代名词、形容词

17、,3)着重着重“个别个别”,4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。Every:1)不可单独使用,不可单独使用,2)仅作形容词,仅作形容词,3)着重着重“全体全体”,毫,毫无例外,无例外,4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。当我们说当我们说each child,each student或或each teacher时,我时,我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和和every student时,我们想到的是全体的情况,时,我们想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与的意思与al

18、l接近,接近,表示他们都如此。表示他们都如此。The teacher gave a toy to each child.Each ball has a different colour.Every student loves the English teacher.=All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing.=All children like playing.注意:我们可以用注意:我们可以用each of,而不能用而不能用 every of 如:如:Each of you can have a rest.难

19、点链接难点链接难点链接难点链接 4.other,the other,another,others,the others的区别。的区别。注意:注意:1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别其他的、别的的”。Where are his other books?I havent any other books except this one.2)other也可以用作代词,与冠词也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或,表示两个人或物中的物中的“另一个另一个”。常与。常与one搭配

20、构成搭配构成“one.,the other.”句型。句型。He has two brothers.One is 10 years old,the other is 5 years old.She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.代名词代名词形容词形容词单数单数复数复数单数单数复数复数another另一个另一个others别人,其他人别人,其他人another(boy)另一个(男孩)另一个(男孩)other(boys)其他男孩其他男孩the other另一个另一个the others其余那些人、物其余那些人、物

21、the other(boy)另一个男孩另一个男孩the other(boys)其余那些男孩其余那些男孩3)other作代词用时,可以有复数作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指,泛指“另外的人另外的人或物或物”。常与。常与some搭配构成搭配构成“some.,others.”句型。句型。Some went to the cinema,others went swimming.This coat is too large.Show me some others,please.4)“the others”表示特指某范围内的表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物其他的人或物”。We got home

22、 by 4 oclock,but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock.In our class only Tom is English,the others are Chinese.5)another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个另一个”,还可以跟代词,还可以跟代词one.You can see another ship in the sea,cant you?Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt.Would you please show her another o

23、ne?6)another也可以作代词用,表示也可以作代词用,表示“另一个另一个”。Im still hungry after Ive had this cake.Please give me another.难点链接难点链接5.all和和both的用法。的用法。1)all指三者以上,或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作指三者以上,或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。All of us like Mr.Pope.我们都喜欢我们都喜欢Pope先生。(作主语)先生。(作主语)=We a

24、ll like Mr.Pope.(作同位语作同位语)All the water has been used up.(作作主语主语)Thats all for today.(作表语作表语)Why not eat all(of)the fish?(作宾语作宾语)All the leaders are here.(作定语作定语)2)both作代词。作代词。与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都两个都”。Lucy and Lily both agree with us.They both passed on their sticks at the same time.Ho

25、w are your parents?Theyre both fine.与与“of+代词(或名词)代词(或名词)”连用,表示连用,表示“两者都两者都”。Both of them came to see Mary.Both of the books are very interesting.单独使用,表示单独使用,表示“两者(都)两者(都)”。Michael has two sons.Both are clever.I dont know which book is the better,I shall read both.3)both用作形容词,放在名词之前,修饰该名词,表示用作形容词,放在名

26、词之前,修饰该名词,表示“两者都两者都”。Both his younger sisters are our classmates.There are tall trees on both sides of the street.难点链接难点链接七七.相互代词的用法相互代词的用法 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和和one another两种形两种形 式。在当代英语中,式。在当代英语中,each other和和one another没有什么区没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语。作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式。别。

27、相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语。作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式。We should learn from each other/one another.(作宾语)(作宾语)Do you often write to each other/one another?(作宾语)(作宾语)We often borrow each others/one anothers books.(作定语)(作定语)The students corrected each others/one anothers mistakes in their homework.(作定语)(作定语)难点链接难点链接八八.关系代词的用

28、法关系代词的用法关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词,常用在宾语从句中。关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词,常用在宾语从句中。关系代词有关系代词有 who,whose,whom,that,which.它们在句中可用作主语它们在句中可用作主语,表表语语,宾语宾语,定语定语.在主句中在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如:它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如:I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with

29、your letter.With the money that he had saved,he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?正误辨析正误辨析1.误误Toms mother is taller than my.正正Toms mother is taller than mine.析形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如:析形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如:my book,而这句话的意思是:汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是,而

30、这句话的意思是:汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是也就是mine。2.误误We have a lot of homework to do today.So we need two or three hours to finish them.正正We have a lot of homework to do today.So we need two or three hours to finish it.析在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。这里析在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不所代替的是不可数名词可数名词homework,所以应用

31、所以应用it。3.误误He and you should go to the library to return the books.正正You and he should go to the library to return the books.析这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺析这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为序一般为you,he,she,I,而复数时为而复数时为we,you,they:如男女并列时,应先男如男女并列时,应先男后女,如:后女,如:He and she 如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,如果在表示不好意

32、思,承担责任时,单数时用,I,he,she,you,复数时用复数时用They,you,we,如:如:Tom and I are good friends.You,he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.We,you and they have been there before.I,he and you have to pay for it.正误辨析正误辨析4.误误He or his brother is doing their homework.正正He or his brother is doing his

33、 homework.析由析由eitheror,neithernor,or 连接两个主语时,如果两主语是连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如:单数时,用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如:Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如如是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如:词,如:The teacher or his students will

34、clean their classroom together.5.误误His brother is taller than him.正正His brother is taller than he.析析than是连词,其后应视为省略句,是连词,其后应视为省略句,than he is.所以要注意区分其主所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。格与宾格的用法。6.误误 I like you as much as she.正正I like you as much as her.析析asas 其后也应看作是省略句。应为其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。所以应用宾格。而第一句应

35、译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。7.误误Myself did it yesterday.正正I myself did it yesterday.正正I did it myself yesterday.析反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语。析反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语。正误辨析正误辨析8.误误Take care of ourselves.正正Take care of yourselves.(yourself)析祈使句的主语应看作第二人称析祈使句的主语应看作第二人称you.9.误误Please b

36、ring your daughter with yourself.正正Please bring your daughter with you.析反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如:析反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如:The old woman spoke to herself.10.误误Make yourself home.正正Make yourself at home.析这是英语中的习惯用法,意为析这是英语中的习惯用法,意为“像在家里一样像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有:。这样的用法还有:enjoy oneself 玩得开心玩得

37、开心make yourself at home 像在家中一样像在家中一样 help yourself to something 自己拿某物自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路迷路 seat oneself 就坐就坐dress oneself 穿衣穿衣11.误误Whos this speaking.Thats Mary.正正Whos that speaking.This is Mary.析在电话用语中,析在电话用语中,this指讲话人自己,而指讲话人自己,而that指对方。指对方。12.误误The days in summer are longer than this in winter.正

38、正The days in summer are longer than those in winter.析在比较句中往往为了避免重复,可以用析在比较句中往往为了避免重复,可以用that或或those取代前面提到的事物,取代前面提到的事物,如是单数时用如是单数时用that,复数时用复数时用those,如:,如:The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.正误辨析正误辨析13.误误It is so a good book that everyone likes to read.正正It is such a good book t

39、hat everyone likes to read.正正It is so good a book that everyone likes to read.析在可数名词单数时可用析在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词形容词+不定冠词不定冠词+名词名词+that从句,也从句,也可用可用such+不定冠词不定冠词+形容词形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时,从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时,只用只用such,如:如:It is such good weather that I want to go swimming.They are such good books that I wan

40、t to buy them all.在在many,much,few,little这这4个词前仅能用个词前仅能用so,如:如:She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在而在so与与that之间仅存形容词时,则不能用之间仅存形容词时,则不能用such,如如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her.14.误误I want to buy a same dictionary as yours.正正I want to buy the same dictionary as yours.析

41、析same与定冠词与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有all the same(仍然仍然)。15.误误I hope she might pass the exam.I dont hope so.正正I hope she might pass the exam.I hope not.析在作肯定回答时,析在作肯定回答时,I think so.I hope so.I believe so.但作否定但作否定回答时为:回答时为:I dont think so.I hope/believe not.正误辨析正误辨析16.误误He studied very ha

42、rd this term.So she did.正正 He studied very hard this term.So did she.误误 English is difficult to learn.So is it.正正 English is difficult to learn.So it is.析在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语,这时在答语中要用析在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语,这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句,即缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句,即studied hard既适用于既适用于he,也适用于也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复,即仅仅是第一句的缩

43、写时则不要用倒装句。但答语仅仅是对前句的重复,即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为:英语难学。答语为:是的,难学。这时缩写的答语不要用如第二组句子为:英语难学。答语为:是的,难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。倒装句。17.误误Everyone should do ones best.正正Everyone should do his best.析析one作代词时,它的复数形式是作代词时,它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是所有格形式是ones,反身代,反身代词为词为oneself.如果讲如果讲One should do ones best.则是对句。如果则是对句。如果one与别与

44、别的词组成其他词,如:的词组成其他词,如:someone,anyone,everyone或或only one 则要用则要用his/her,来作其所有格形式。,来作其所有格形式。18.误误 Who won the game?None.正正 Who won the game?No one.析由析由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是no one,而由而由How many提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如:如:How many books are there?None.正误辨析正误辨析19.误误There are man

45、y trees on either sides of the street.正正There are many trees on either side of the street.正正There are many trees on both sides of the street.析析either作代词时由两个含意,其一是两者中随便哪一个,如:作代词时由两个含意,其一是两者中随便哪一个,如:You can take either.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数后要加单数名词,如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。名词,如果作主语则谓语动

46、词也要用单数形式。20.误误Either you or I are right.正正Either you or I am right.析在析在eitheror,或或neithernor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要与连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。和其相近的那个主语相配。21.误误I have three sisters.Neither of them is a doctor.正正I have three sisters.None of them is a doctor.析析neither用于两者中无一是,而用于两者中无一是,而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物则用于多于两

47、者中的人或事物无一是。无一是。22.误误He doesnt like Beijing opera.I dont like,too.正正He doesnt like Beijing opera,I dont like,either.析析either作为作为“也也”讲时,要用于否定句中,而讲时,要用于否定句中,而too则用于肯定句中。则用于肯定句中。正误辨析正误辨析23.误误We like both this little boy.正正We both like this little boy.析析both作同位语时,它在句中的位置有:在作同位语时,它在句中的位置有:在be动词之后,如:动词之后,如

48、:We are both students.在实意动词之前,如:在实意动词之前,如:The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助动词之后,如:用于第一助动词之后,如:We have both read these English novels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意:使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意:Both of us are not right.应译为:我们俩不都对。应译为:我们俩不都对。Neither of us is right.才应译为:我俩都才应译为:我俩都不对。又如:不对。又如:I cant give you both of

49、 the books.意为:两本书我不能全意为:两本书我不能全给你,而给你,而I cant give you either of the books.才为:两本书我全不能给才为:两本书我全不能给你。你。24.误误We each has a ticket for the concert.正正We each have a ticket for the concert.析析each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式,如:作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式,如:Each of us wants to learn English well,但但each作同位语时,则应以原名词的数为作同位语时,则应以原名

50、词的数为准。准。25.误误Every of us has to pass the exam.正正Each of us has to pass the exam.析析every只可作形容词,不可作代词,而只可作形容词,不可作代词,而each既可作形容词,又可作既可作形容词,又可作代词,在作形容词时代词,在作形容词时each侧重强调个体,而侧重强调个体,而every 则侧重于全体。则侧重于全体。正误辨析正误辨析26.误误Everyone of us should do housework two hours a day.正正Every one of us should do housework t

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