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1、GRE基础班阅读沈施铨1Retrospect1.句子主干是？2.主语和宾语都是什么词性？3.连词后面是？2Retrospect主线任务主线任务确定句子主干确定句子主干1.确定主语A2.确定谓语：不及物动词_；及物动词，_；系动词，_支线任务支线任务出现从句连词时出现从句连词时1.根据_判断从句类型2.确定从句的_3下午的主要内容是1.The football player is awesome.2.The young Argentina football player is awesome.3.The young Argentina football player who is often m
2、ocked because of his height is awesome.(who is often mocked because of his height)在the young Argentina football player后面形容这个名词4形容词性从句例句1.Those of us who made a bet on the football team were disappointed.(who made a bet on the football team)在those of us后面形容这个名词 Those of us(who)were disappointed.5形容词性
3、从句例句2.What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits.What highly creative artistic activity produces=AA is not a new generalization(that transcends established limits)在a new generalization后面形容这个名词 A is not a new generalization(that).6形容
4、词性从句例句找出这句话中的形容词性从句，以及其形容的名词：The physicist rightly dreads precise argument,since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under smal
5、l perturbations of its underlying assumptions.an argument(that is convincing only if it is precise)the assumption(on which it is based)an argument(that is convincing though imprecise)7形容词性从句练习找出下列句子的形容词性从句、从句形容的名词，以及句子主句：4.The idea of an autonomous discipline which is called“philosophy”,which sits i
6、n judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out,on close examination,to be of quite recent origin.84.The idea of an autonomous discipline which is called“philosophy”，which sits in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out,on close examination,to be of quite recent ori
7、gin.The idea of an autonomous discipline(which is called philosophy)在autonomous discipline后面形容这个名词(which sits in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science)在 autonomous discipline后面形容这个名词 The idea of an autonomous discipline(which)（which.）turns out to be of quite recent origin.92.Those of us
8、who hoped that Kolbs newly published complete edition of Prousts correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed.Those of us=A(who hoped B)在those of us后面形容这个名词B=that Kolbs newly published complete edition of Prousts correspondence for 1909 would document the pro
9、cess in greater detail Those of us(who that)are disappointed.106.Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths,where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated,to pass through,they absorb some of the longer-wavelength.Although X,YThese molecules=AA allow B to do sth.B=radiation
10、 at visible wavelengths(where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated)在visible wavelengths后面形容这个名词 Although A allow B(where)to pass through,A absorb some of the longer-wavelength.111.What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits
11、,but rather an aesthetic particular.(What highly creative artistic activity produces)=AA is not a new generalization(that transcends established limits)在a new generalization后面形容这个名词but 平行结构 A is not a new generalization,but rather an aesthetic particular.123.All this was unified by being subjected t
12、o the same kind of religious scrutiny,whose impact varied greatly which is almost nonexistent in some fields,and which in others originates novel institutions.All this A was unified by BB=being subject to the same kind of religious scrutiny(whose impact varied greatly)在religious scrutiny后面形容这个名词(whi
13、ch is almost nonexistent in some fields,and which in others originates novel institutions)在whose impact后面形容这个名词135.Islamic law is the result of an examination,from a religious angle,of legal subject matter that was far from uniform,which comprised as it did the various components of the laws of pre-
14、Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements which were taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.Islamic law=AA is the result of BB=an examination of legal subject matter(that was far from uniform)形容legal subject matter(which comprised as it did the various components of the l
15、aws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements)形容legal subject matter which were taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories 形容numerous legal elements A is the result of B(that)(which which).14形容词性从句真题1.Specialized cells called heterocysts are produced which lack chlorop
16、hyll(necessary for photosynthesis)but which can fix nitrogen by converting nitrogen gas into a usable form.Specialized cells called heterocysts=AA are produced(which lack chlorophyll but which can fix nitrogen by converting nitrogen gas into a usable form)在specialized cells后面形容这个名词 15The passage sup
17、ports which of the following inferences about heterocysts?(A)Heterocysts do not produce oxygen.(B)Nitrogen gas inactivates heterocysts.(C)Chlorophyll increases the productivity of heterocysts.(D)Heterocysts can produce nitrogen(E)Heterocysts can photosynthesize.163.This preference for exogamy,Gutman
18、 suggests,may have derived from West African rules that govern marriage,which,though they differed from one tribal group to another,all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.This preference for exogamy=AA may have derived from BB=West African rules(that govern marriage)形容ru
19、les(which，though X,Y)形容rulesX=they differed from one tribal group to anotherY=all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin17According to the passage,all of the following are true of the West African rules governing marriage mentioned in lines EXCEPT:(A)The rules were derived f
20、rom rules governing fictive kinship arrangements.(B)The rules forbade marriages between close kin.(C)The rules are mentioned in Herbert Gutmans study.(D)The rules were not uniform in all respects from one West African tribe to another.(E)The rules have been considered to be a possible source of slav
21、es marriage preferences.182.In the early 1950s,historians who studied preindustrial Europe(which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)began,for the first time in large numbers,to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who com
22、prised the political and social elite:the kings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.(who studied preindustrial Europe)形容historiansHistorians(who)began to investigate BB=more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent(w
23、ho comprised the political and social elite)形容the 2 or 3 percent192.In the early 1950s,historians who studied preindustrial Europe(which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)began,for the first time in large numbers,to investigate more of the preindustrial European po
24、pulation than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite:the kings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.(who had hitherto usually filled history books)形容k,g,j,n,b,and l m Historians(who)began to investigate B(more of X t
25、han Y whowho).20The author suggests that,before the early 1950s,most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following?(A)Failed to make distinctions among members of the preindustrial European political and social elite.(B)Inaccurately estimated the influence of the preindustri
26、al European political and social elite.(C)Confined their work to a narrow range of the preindustrial European population.21Bonus：形容词性从句的“最简形式”1.形容词性从句中的动词是非be动词，which do sth.，则最简形式为doing sth：The new method which contradicts with the existing system must be abandoned.=The new method,contradicting wit
27、h the existing system,must be abandoned.22Bonus：形容词性从句的“最简形式”2.形容词性从句中的动词是be动词,which+be+adj/过去分词，则次简形式为being+adj/过去分词,最简形式为adj/过去分词：The old method which is inapplicable in new situations must be abandoned.=The old method,being inapplicable in new situations,must be abandoned.=The old method,inapplic
28、able in new situations,must be abandoned.23Bonus：形容词性从句的“最简形式”The old method which was abandoned immediately is quickly forgotten.=The old method being abandoned immediately is quickly forgotten=The old method abandoned immediately is quickly forgotten24形容词性从句的“最简形式”练习找出句子中从句简化后的adj/现在分词/过去分词，并还原成完整
29、从句：1.All this was unified by being subjected to the same kind of religious scrutiny,whose impact varied greatly,being almost nonexistent in some fields,and in others originating novel institutions.(being almost nonexistent in some fields)形容impact=(which is almost nonexistent)(in others originating n
30、ovel institutions)形容impact=(which originates novel institutions in others)25形容词性从句的“最简形式”练习2.The idea of an autonomous discipline called“philosophy”,distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out,on close examination,to be of quite recent origin.(called“phil
31、osophy”)形容an autonomous discipline=(which is called“philosophy”)and平行结构(distinct from)形容an autonomous discipline=(which is distinct from)(sitting in)形容an autonomous discipline=(which sits in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science)26形容词性从句的“最简形式”练习3.Islamic law is the result of an examinat
32、ion,from a religious angle,of legal subject matter that was far from uniform,comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.(comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and conquered territories)形容legal subject matter=（which comprised.)(taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories)形容numerous legal elements=(which were taken over from)2728