《欧洲文化入门第六章ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《欧洲文化入门第六章ppt课件.ppt（34页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、European Culture：An IntroductionDivision SixThe Age of Enlightenment为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能The Age of Enlightenmentn n.General Introductionn n.French Philosophy and Literature.English Literaturen n.German Literature and Philosophyn n.Artn nVI.Music为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思
2、想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能 I.General Introductionn n1.Enlightenment n nThe Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France,which attracted widespread support among he ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century.The enli
3、ghtenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能n n2.Historical Context2.Historical Context（三大革命影响世界：美国独（三大革命影响世界：美国独立战争；法国大革命；英国工业革命）立战争；法国大革命；英国工业革命）n nThe first half of the 18th century was an age of The first half of the 18th century was an
4、age of relative peace,security and optimism.But the 1750s relative peace,security and optimism.But the 1750s saw the world turning toward a period of turbulence,saw the world turning toward a period of turbulence,full of ideological,political,social and economic full of ideological,political,social
5、and economic revolutions.revolutions.n n1776:the American War of Independence1776:the American War of Independencen n1789:the French Revolution1789:the French Revolutionn n1760-1840:the Industrial Revolution 1760-1840:the Industrial Revolution 为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能F
6、rench Philosophy and Literaturen nBaron de la Brede et de Montesquieu(1689-1755)n nVoltaire(pseudonym of Jean Francois Arouset,1694-1778)n nJean-Jacques Rousseaun nDenis Diderot为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu 孟德斯鸠(1689-1755)n nMontesquieu wa
7、s the Montesquieu was the first of the great French first of the great French men of letters associated men of letters associated with the Enlightenment with the Enlightenment a.Persian Letters(a.Persian Letters(波斯波斯人的信札人的信札)n nb.The spirit of the Laws b.The spirit of the Laws(论法的精神论法的精神)为深入学习习近平新时代
8、中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能The spirit of the Laws(论法的精神)n nIt is an investigation(It is an investigation(研究研究)of the environmental and)of the environmental and social relationships that lie behind the laws of civilized social relationships that lie behind the laws of civilized socie
9、ty.society.The definition of law by Montesquieu.The definition of law by Montesquieu.n nLaws“must be adapted to each people”Laws“must be adapted to each people”n nThe theory of the separation of powers(The theory of the separation of powers(三权分立理论三权分立理论)was put forward by Montesquieu in his work The
10、 Spirit was put forward by Montesquieu in his work The Spirit of the Laws.He believed that the legislative(of the Laws.He believed that the legislative(立法立法)，executive(executive(行政行政)and judicial()and judicial(司法司法)powers must be)powers must be confided(confided(托付托付)to different individuals)to diff
11、erent individuals，acting acting independently.(independently.(独立的行为独立的行为)n nThe theory of the separation of powers was accepted by The theory of the separation of powers was accepted by the U.S.Constitution.(the U.S.Constitution.(三权分立的思想被美国宪法所三权分立的思想被美国宪法所接受接受)为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精
12、神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能 Voltaire(伏尔泰)(pseudonym of Jean Francois Arouset,1694-1778)n nHis works are an His works are an outstanding outstanding embodiment of the embodiment of the principles of the French principles of the French Enlightenment.Enlightenment.n nLetters Anglaise(Letters Letters Anglaise(Lett
13、ers philosophiques)philosophiques)哲学信哲学信件件n nCandide(Candide(名字名字)为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Jean-Jacques Rousseau卢梭 The greatest figures of the The greatest figures of the French Enlightenment(French Enlightenment(对浪对浪漫主义文学思潮产生影响漫主义文学思潮产生影响的法国哲学家的法国哲学家)he glorified)he gl
14、orified human nature and attacked human nature and attacked social inequality.(social inequality.(赞扬人的赞扬人的本质反对社会不平等本质反对社会不平等)n na.The Origin of Human a.The Origin of Human Inequality Inequality 论人类平等的根论人类平等的根源源n nb.The New Heloise b.The New Heloise 新爱洛新爱洛依丝依丝n nc.Emile,or On Education c.Emile,or On
15、Education 爱弥儿或论教育爱弥儿或论教育n nd.The Social Contractd.The Social Contract社会社会契约论契约论n ne.The Confessions e.The Confessions 忏悔录忏悔录为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Denis Diderot 狄德罗n na.Philosophical Thoughtsa.Philosophical Thoughts哲哲学思想录学思想录n nb.Letters on the Blindb.Letters on the B
16、lind论盲论盲人书简人书简n nc.Encyclopedie c.Encyclopedie 百科全书百科全书n nd.Elements of physiologyd.Elements of physiology生生理学的基础理学的基础n ne.Rameaus Nephew e.Rameaus Nephew 拉摩拉摩的侄儿的侄儿为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能 English Literaturen nAlexander Pope(1688-1744)n nDaniel Defoe(1660-1731)n nJona
17、than Swift(1667-1745)n nSamuel Richardsonn nHenry Fielding(1707-1754)n nSamuel Johnsonn nJournalism and the Periodical Essay为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Alexander Pope亚历山大蒲柏(1688-1744)n nPope was the great poet Pope was the great poet and verse satirist of the and verse sat
18、irist of the 18th century.18th century.n na.Essay on Criticism a.Essay on Criticism 论论批评批评n nb.The Rape of the Lockb.The Rape of the Lock夺发记夺发记n nc.Dunciadc.Dunciad愚人志愚人志 n nd.Essay on Mand.Essay on Man人论人论为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能 Daniel Defoe 笛福(1660-1731)n nThe Life
19、and Strange The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of Robinson Crusoe 鲁鲁滨逊漂流记滨逊漂流记n nThe Fortune and The Fortune and Misfortunes of the Misfortunes of the Famous Moll FlandersFamous Moll Flanders摩尔摩尔 弗兰德斯弗兰德斯 n nA Journal of the Plague A Journal of the Pl
20、ague YearYear瘟疫年纪事瘟疫年纪事 为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Jonathan Swift 斯威夫特(1667-1745)n nJonathan Swift is the Jonathan Swift is the foremost satirist in the foremost satirist in the English language and English language and one of the satiric one of the satiric masters of all
21、 time.masters of all time.n na.A Modest Proposala.A Modest Proposal温温和的建议和的建议n nb.Gullivers Travelsb.Gullivers Travels格格列佛游记列佛游记 为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Samuel Richardson理查森n nHis type of novel is His type of novel is called the epistolary called the epistolary 书书信体信体n
22、ovel,i.e.stories novel,i.e.stories told in a series of letters.told in a series of letters.n nWorks:Pamela,or Works:Pamela,or virtue Rewarded and virtue Rewarded and Clarissa,or the History Clarissa,or the History of a Young Ladyof a Young Lady为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能H
23、enry Fielding亨利.菲尔丁(1707-1754)n nHe was called by Sir Walter He was called by Sir Walter Scott the“Father of the Scott the“Father of the English novel”.English novel”.n nWorks:The History of the Works:The History of the Adventures of Joseph Adventures of Joseph Andrews and his Friend,Mr.Andrews and
24、his Friend,Mr.Abraham AdamsAbraham Adams约瑟夫约瑟夫 安德鲁传安德鲁传 n nThe Life of Mr.Jonathan The Life of Mr.Jonathan Wild the GreatWild the Great大伟人江大伟人江奈生奈生 魏尔德传（魏尔德传（The The History of Tom Jones,a History of Tom Jones,a FoundingFounding汤姆汤姆 琼斯，琼斯，为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Samuel
25、 Johnson塞缪尔约翰逊 n nSamuel Johnson was the Samuel Johnson was the editor of A Dictionary editor of A Dictionary of the English of the English Language,the first great Language,the first great English dictionary.English dictionary.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Journalism and th
26、e Periodical Essayn nIn 18th-century English,two writers must be mentioned as far as the periodical essay is concerned:n nJoseph Addison and Steele contributed to The Tatler and The Spectator,two series of periodical essays.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能German Literature and
27、 Philosophyn nGotthold Ephraim Lessingn nWolfgang von Goethen nJohann Christoph Friedrich von Schillern nImmanuel Kant为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Gotthold Ephraim Lessing莱辛n n Lessing was the first Lessing was the first German dramatist of lasting German dramatist of lasti
28、ng importance and the most importance and the most brilliant representative of brilliant representative of the German Enlightenment.the German Enlightenment.n na.Minna Von Barnhelma.Minna Von Barnhelm明明娜娜 封封 巴尔赫姆巴尔赫姆 n nb.Nathan the Wiseb.Nathan the Wise智者纳智者纳旦旦 n nc.Laocoonc.Laocoon拉奥孔拉奥孔 n nd.Hamb
29、urgische d.Hamburgische DramaturgieDramaturgie汉堡剧评汉堡剧评 为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Wolfgang von Goethe歌德n nGoethe was the greatest of Goethe was the greatest of all German poets and the all German poets and the outstanding figure of world outstanding figure of world litera
30、ture since the literature since the Renaissance.Renaissance.n na.The Sorrows of Young a.The Sorrows of Young WertherWerther少年维特的烦恼少年维特的烦恼少年维特的烦恼少年维特的烦恼 n nb.Wilhem Meisters b.Wilhem Meisters ApprenticeshipApprenticeship威廉威廉威廉威廉 麦斯麦斯麦斯麦斯特的学习时代特的学习时代特的学习时代特的学习时代 n nc.Wilhelm Meister;s c.Wilhelm Meiste
31、r;s TravelsTravels威廉威廉威廉威廉 麦斯特的漫麦斯特的漫麦斯特的漫麦斯特的漫游时代游时代游时代游时代 n nd.Faustd.Faust浮士德浮士德浮士德浮士德 n ne.Poetry and Truthe.Poetry and Truth诗与真诗与真为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller席勒n na.a.The Robber(The Robber(抢劫抢劫者者)n nb.Cabal and Love b.Cabal and L
32、ove 阴谋与爱情阴谋与爱情n nc.Wallensteinc.Wallenstein威廉威廉 迈迈斯特斯特n nd.Wilhelm Telld.Wilhelm Tell威廉威廉 退尔退尔 为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Immanuel Kantn na.General History of a.General History of Nature and Theory of Nature and Theory of the Heavensthe Heavens自然通史自然通史和天体论和天体论 n nb.Critiq
33、ue of Pure b.Critique of Pure ReasonReason纯粹理性批判纯粹理性批判 n nc.Critique of Practical c.Critique of Practical ReasonReason实践理性批判实践理性批判 n nd.Critique of Judgmentd.Critique of Judgment判断力批判判断力批判 为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Artn nRococo Artn nTypical Works and Major Artists为深入学习习
34、近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Rococo Art 洛可可艺术n nRococo style in art is usually associated with architecture and interior decoration.It is characterized by elaborate ornamentation imitating shellwork and foliage and it has a curving and elastic pattern.n nIn Rococo art,“The sublim
35、e gave place to the graceful,the grandeur of size to the charm of eloquence,”it was luxurious,sensual and delicate,characterizing the taste of a pleasure class,particularly in France,of the royal family and the aristocratic families who rolled in money and lavished their money on interior decoration
36、 for their pleasure and comfort.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Typical Works and Major Artistsn na.Salon de la Princesse,a.Salon de la Princesse,Hotel de SoubiseHotel de Soubisen nThis is one of the finest This is one of the finest examples of Rococo,a good examples of Rococo
37、,a good example of the elegant town example of the elegant town houses in Paris belonging to houses in Paris belonging to the aristocratic society after the aristocratic society after they deserted the Royal they deserted the Royal Palace of Versailles and Palace of Versailles and chose to live ther
38、echose to live there为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能n nb.Rococo Paintersb.Rococo Paintersn ni.Antoine Watteaui.Antoine Watteau华铎华铎 n nii.Francois Boucherii.Francois Boucher为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Musicn nThe Musical Enlightenmentn nThe Classical
39、Period为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能The Musical Enlightenmentn nBy the beginning of the eighteenth century the art of creating music had become almost entirely rationalized.It came to its richest fruition in the works of Bach and Handel.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会
40、精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Johann Sebastian Bach巴赫n nBach created a synthetic art(Bach created a synthetic art(人为艺术人为艺术)which)which summarized all the developments of the Baroque summarized all the developments of the Baroque era.era.巴洛克时代巴洛克时代n nworks:6 Brandenburg Concertosworks:6 Brandenburg Concertos布兰登堡协
41、奏曲布兰登堡协奏曲 ,n nViolin Concerto in E major,Violin Concerto in E major,n nDouble Violin Concerto in D minorDouble Violin Concerto in D minor小的琴协奏曲小的琴协奏曲 ,n n Mass in B minor Mass in B minorn nOrgan Music:Organ Music:Fantasia in G minor,Toccata Fantasia in G minor,Toccata and Fugue in Dminor,Prelude in
42、B minorand Fugue in Dminor,Prelude in B minorn nPassion Music:Passion Music:Passion according to St,John,Passion according to St,John,Passion according to St.MattewPassion according to St.Mattewn nPiano Works:Piano Works:Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue,Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue,n n6 Partitas,6 Partita
43、s,n nThe Well-Tempered ClavierThe Well-Tempered Clavier平均律钢琴曲集平均律钢琴曲集 Orchestral Suites:Orchestral Suites:No.2 in B minor,No.3 in DNo.2 in B minor,No.3 in D为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能George Frederick Handel亨德尔 n nHis supreme genius was shown in His supreme genius was show
44、n in one field alone,the oratorio,one field alone,the oratorio,Messiah Messiah being his crowing being his crowing masterpiece,in which he put masterpiece,in which he put forward the meaning of the life forward the meaning of the life and death of Christ.and death of Christ.n nWorks:OratoriosWorks:O
45、ratorios清唱剧清唱剧:MessiahMessiah弥赛亚弥赛亚,n nIsrael in EgyptIsrael in Egypt以色列人在埃及以色列人在埃及n nOrchestral Music:Orchestral Music:Fireworks Fireworks MusicMusic皇家焰火音乐皇家焰火音乐,Water,Water MusicMusic水上音乐水上音乐为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能The Classical Periodn nAccording to Kant,the functio
46、n of reason is to relate According to Kant,the function of reason is to relate the individual judgments of the understanding to the the individual judgments of the understanding to the higher principles which order and regulate the totality higher principles which order and regulate the totality of
47、knowledge.of knowledge.n nThe changing attitudes of the second half of the The changing attitudes of the second half of the eighteenth century towards art were reflected in the eighteenth century towards art were reflected in the music of this period.music of this period.n nThe three composers Haydn
48、The three composers Haydn海顿海顿,Mozart,Mozart莫扎特莫扎特 and and BeethovenBeethoven贝多芬贝多芬 are known as the Viennese School.are known as the Viennese School.维也纳流派维也纳流派为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Joseph Haydn海顿n nAustrian composer.Austrian composer.n nWorks:String Quartets:Works:St
49、ring Quartets:Quartet in E-flat Quartet in E-flat major,Op.50,No.3.,Quartet in D major,Op.50,No.3.,Quartet in D major,Op.64,No.5.,Quartet in D major,Op.64,No.5.,Quartet in D minor,Op.76,No.2.,Quartet in C minor,Op.76,No.2.,Quartet in C major,Op.76,No.3.,Quartet in D major,Op.76,No.3.,Quartet in D ma
50、jor,Op.76,No.5.major,Op.76,No.5.n nSymphoniesSymphonies:Symphony No.88 in G:Symphony No.88 in G major,Symphony No.92 in G major,major,Symphony No.92 in G major,Symphony No.94 in G major,Symphony Symphony No.94 in G major,Symphony No.100 in G major,Symphony No.101 No.100 in G major,Symphony No.101 in