2023年情态动词的基本用法.docx

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1、2023年情态动词的基本用法 第一篇:情态动词的基本用法 情态动词的基本用法 情态动词的特点 1.没有人称和数的转变。 2.有些情态动词有过去式的转变: will would , can could , may might , dare dared can(could) 1.表示实力。 Two eyes can see more than one.2.表示允许。 Can I have a look at your new pen? Can(Could)you lend me a hand? 3.表惊异、怀疑、不信任等看法。主要用于否认句、疑问句或感叹句中。 Where can(could)th

2、ey have gone to? He cant(couldnt)be over sixty.How can you be so careless? 4.表示揣测(确定句把握较小;否认句几乎为100%把握) The temperature can fall to 10.You cant be serious.may(might) 1表允许,might是may的过去式;用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。 You may take whatever you like.He told me that I might smoke in the room.2.表可能事实上。语气不愿定。 He may be

3、at home.他可能在家。 She may not know about it.I am afraid they might not agree with him.They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure.must 1.表必需主观意志 We must do everything we can to help him.You mustnt talk to her like that.-Must we hand in our exercise books now? -No, you neednt./ No, you dont have to.

4、2.表示很有把握的推断,意为“想必、准是、确定等,只用于确定句。have(has)to: have(has)got to 必需, 不得不。过去式为had to。 He must be ill.He looks so pale.She must have a lot of money, for she drives a BMW.shall 1.表征询看法,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get you some tea? Shall the boy wait outside? Its a fine day.Lets go fishing, shall we? 2.表说话人的意愿,有“

5、叮嘱、承诺、警告、决心等意思,用于其次、第三人称陈述句。 You shall do as I say.叮嘱 You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.承诺 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.警告 Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.决心 will 1.表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。 I will do anything for you.If you will read the book, Ill lend

6、 it to you.2.表请求,用于疑问句。 Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you? Wont you drink some more coffee? 3.表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 Fish will die out of water.The door wont open.would 1.表意愿。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.2.表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 Would you like another glass of beer? 3.表过去反复发生的动作或过

7、去的一种倾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.should 1.表义务。意为“应当,用于各种人称。 You should listen to the doctors advice.你应当听从医生建议的。 You should study the article carefully.你应当细致读那篇文章。 2.表推想,意为“想必确定、照说应当、估计等。 The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.那部电影想必很棒,都是一

8、流的演员。 They should be home by now.如今他们应当已经到家了 ought to 1.意为“应当,口气比should稍重。 Ought you to smoke so much? 你应当抽这样多烟吗? You ought to write to the mayor.您应当给市长写信。 2.表推想,暗含很大的可能。 She ought to know his telephone number.她应当知道他的电话号码。 used to 过去常常, 如今不复发生或存在。 The Greeks used to worship several gods.过去,希腊人崇奉好几种神

9、。 He used to smoke.他过去抽烟如今不抽了。 情态动词的推想用法 确定句中: must(确定),may(可能),might/could(或许,或许)其语气确实定程度依次递减。其中,might 和could并非过去时态,只是语气较为委婉或可能性较小 对当前行为、状况或状态的推想: must /may /might /could + do/be He must/may/might/could be in the reading room.他确定/可能/或许在阅览室里。 I must look funny in this hat.我戴这顶帽子看起来确定很滑稽。 对此时此刻正在进行的动

10、作的推想: must /may/ might/ could + be doing 想必/可能正在 He must /may/ might/ could be watching TV at this time.他此时确定/可能/或许在看电视。 They must be waiting for us.他们确定在等着我们。 对过去发生的事情的推想: must /may /might /could + have +过去分词 想必/可能已经 They must have arrived by now.如今他们确定已到了。 You look very tired.You must have stayed

11、up last night.看上去你很疲乏,你昨晚确定熬夜了。 You may have read about it in the papers.你可能在报上已读到这件事了。 过去的一段时间内始终在进行的动作: must/may /might/ could + have + been +doing 想必/可能始终在 They are sweating all over.They must have been working in the fields.他们浑身是汗,准是在地里劳动来着。 He may have been waiting for us for an hour.他可能等我们一小时了

12、。 2否认句中: can/could not 不行能,想必不会 may/might not 可能不 对当前行为、状况或状态的推想: can/could not+动词原形 不行能,想必不会 may/might not +动词原形 可能不 He may not be busy now.或许他如今不忙。 He can not be busy now.他如今确定不忙。 He cant be in the reading room.I saw him on the playground just now.他不行能在阅览室里,我刚看到他在操场上。 对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推想: can/could no

13、t + be doing 不行能,想必不会在干某事 may/might not + be doing 可能没在干某事 They cant be telling the truth.他们不行能在说真话。 They may not be telling the truth.他们可能没在说真话。 对过去发生的事情的推想: can/could not + have +过去分词 不行能,想必不会做过某事 may/might not + have +过去分词 可能没干过某事 He cant have finished the work so soon.这项工作他不行能完成得这样快。 He may not

14、have achieved all his aims.But his effort is a good one.他可能没到达他的全部目的,但他还是认真做了努力的。 过去的一段时间内始终在进行的动作: cant /couldnt/may not have been doing He cant have been waiting for us so long.他不行能等我们那么长时间。 3疑问句中: 常用can/could来表示说话人的猜疑、怀疑或不愿定的语气 对当前行为、状况或状态的推想: can/could + 主语+ do/be Where can he be now? 他如今会在哪里呢?

15、Can it be true? 那会是真的吗? 对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推想: can/could +主语+ be doing Its so late.Can Tom be reading? 这么晚了,汤姆还在看书吗? What can he be doing? 他可能在做什么呢? 对过去发生的事情的推想: can/could +主语+have done Can she have told a lie? 她会不会说谎了? Where can she have gone? 她会上哪儿去了呢? 情态动词的辨析 need和dare 1.用作情态动词 Need he go yesterday? 昨天

16、他有去的必要吗? I dont think you need worry.She dare not go out alone at night.How dare you say Im unfair? 2.用作实义动词 She needs the work done before tomorrow.她必需在明天以前找人完成这项工作。 The table needs painting(to be painted.).I dare say hell come again.can 和be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到;be able to 有多种形式的转变。 can

17、 1.表示体力或脑力方面的实力; 2.表示允许、可能性。 could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有实力及过去存在的可能性;用于疑问句表示委婉地 提出问题。 1.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.2.Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, I cant.My brother is coming to see me.must和have to must表示主观意志,而have to表示由于客观因素。 I told her that she must

18、give up smoking.We had to get everything ready that night.would和used to 1used to “过去常常, 与如今事实相反;would表过去意愿。 People used to think that the earth was flat.She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.1情态动词无论是表达“推想和可能性,还是表达“虚拟这一概念,只要是对过去 已经发生的事 情进行描述,一律用“情态动词+have done这一结构;对如今

19、或将来的事情进行 描述,用“情态 动词+动词或系动词原形。 2should(not)/ ought(not)to在中表示根据常规或常识推想,表示“某事应当或不应当 发生,语气比must或cant / couldnt稍弱。 3.can, could表达推想时,一般用于疑问句和否认句中;can用于确定句中表示一种理论 上的可能性,并不牵涉是否真的会发生,在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用;could用于确定 句中,语气比 may/ might更弱。 4.must表达“情感、看法、语气主要有以下用法: (1)表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于确定句和疑问句,意思为“必需,得,要;由 must引起的疑问

20、句,确定回答要用must或have to,否认回答要用neednt或don t have to,意 思是“不必。另外,must与have to都可以表示“必需这一含义。must表示一 易错点点拨: 种主观的需要,而have to表示一种客观的需要,意思是“不得不,其否认形式是don have to。 (2)must用于条件句或疑问句中,可以用来表示责备、埋怨的感情色调,意思为“偏要,硬要、干 嘛。 5.在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气,表示“与将来事实相反的假设,用 If+主语+ should +动词 原形,当“万一(会)讲。这时可省略if,将should提到句首,变为倒装句式。If it sh

21、ould rain (=Should it rain)tomorrow, I would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话,我就待在家里。 6.should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思,译为“竟然,竟会。 You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.鱼儿,在水中串上串下,吐着顽皮的泡泡;鸟儿从荷叶上空飞过,想亲吻荷花姑娘的芳泽。四周的花儿,紫的,黄的,白的,红的,竞相开放。大红花儿,张着大嘴,放声歌颂;灯笼花儿,随风摇坠,四处飘香;剑兰花儿,形态独特,

22、毫不逊色。它们与荷塘之景交相辉映,美不胜收 此时,我的心情兴奋到极点,好久好久没有看过如此美的景色了。若果我有一双会画画的手,我定把这如痴如醉的荷塘活色生香的描绘一番;若果我有一部高像素的相机,我定不放过每个花开的镜头;若果我是一个诗人,我定把这荷塘每片光艳丽丽的色泽融入人生的诗篇。我更期盼,期盼盛夏的荷塘色,期盼那更加妩媚多姿,色泽艳丽的荷花,期盼初夏生气勃勃、挥汗如雨的激情生活! 其次篇:情态动词的用法 教案 情态动词的用法教案 一、教材分析: 这是初中的一个较重要也有难度的学问点,作为动词中的一类,如何运用情态动词can(could),must, have to, may(might),

23、shallshould,will, dare, need, aught to等是本次课程的重点内容.教学内容是介绍情态动词的定义、特点、以及最重要的用法;最终加以练习进行稳固 二、教学目标: 1.学问目标:要求学生驾驭运用表示揣测的情态动词.2.实力目标:通过引导,让学生能够说出学会情态动词的基本用法,在语境中的意思。3.情感目标:让学生在学习中情态动词过程中体验英语的生动趣味性,引导学生提高对英语学习的求知欲。 三、教学重难点 教学重点: 学会运用情态动词can(could), must, may,might,shall,should,ought to ,will(would),dare,

24、need, have to等的用法以及各个相近情态动词间的区分.教学难点: 各个情态动词的用法区分.四、教学方法: 以讲解为主,举例分析。 五、教学过程 老师:同学们,我们这节课要想学习的内容是情态动词的用法,那1这个情态动词其实我们对于我们来说也并不生疏,平常在句子的运用或许多,那么大家告知我情态动词有哪些? 常见的情态动词有:can(could), must, may,might, shall,should, ought to ,will(would),dare, need, have to板书 我们这节课主要来归纳下它的用法 1、本身具有确定词意,但不能单独作谓语。为什么说情态动词不能单

25、独作谓语呢? 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么“是什么或是“怎么样情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。举例:i can wash clothes 2、无人称和数的转变 We must stay here.我们必需待在这儿。He must stay here.他必需待在这儿。 3、情态动词后面紧跟的一个动词用原形 She may lose her way.她可能迷路了。 4、否认形式干脆在后面加no 下面我们起先逐个学习它们的用法 首先是can/could的用法 A.表实力 can 表示如今的实力,could 表示过去的实力,要表示将来具备的实力通

26、常 be able to 的将来时态。B.can和could 表允许,请求 表示请求或者允许时,两者均可用,但用could 语气更委婉更为礼貌些; Can I come in?允许 Cancouldyou help me?请求 若是自己允许别人做某事,一般只用 can,而不用 could。如: Can I come in? 我可以进来吗 “Could I use your pen? “Yes,of course you can. C.can和could 表推想 对如今或将来的推想,两者均可用,但can 通常只用于否认句或疑问句中,一般不用于确定句,而could则可用于确定句、否认句和疑问句;对

27、过去的推想,应在can,could之后接动词的完成式,且此时can仍只用于否认句或疑问句,不用于确定句;而could 则可用于各种句型。如: Can this be true? 这能是真的吗 Where can he have gone? 他能到哪里去了呢 She cant have left so soon.她不行能走得这么早。She could be at home.她可能在家 must / may / might的用法 这三个词常用于推想,在推想方面的用法分为四种状况。A.对将来状况的推想,用“情态动词 + 动词原形。(1)She must / may / might arrive be

28、fore 5.5:00前她确定/可能/或许到。 B.对如今进行时的推想,用“情态动词 + be,“情态动词 +be doing e.g:(1)He must / may / might be listening to the radio now.他确定/可能/或许正在听收音机。 (2)He may(might)not be at home at this time.这个时候他不行能/可能不在家。 C.对一般状况的推想,或“情态动词 + 动词原形。 Everymornning he will sit here and read a newspaper.(每天早上他都会坐在这儿看报纸)D对过去状况

29、的推想,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词。 e.g:(1)It must / may / might have rained last night.The ground is wet.地湿了,昨晚确定/可能/或许下雨了。 shall的用法 A.表征求看法“好不好Shall we go now? B.威胁、警告、叮嘱或根据规定有义务做 You shall leave at once!(威胁、警告)You shall clean theroom,it is your task.义务,责任C.表规章、法令、预言:“必需 用于全部人称 Every paasenger shall wait in

30、a line. should /ought to的用法 注:情态动词 should /ought to表推想时,意为“想必会,理应 A.责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告: You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.B.表示推想和可能性,是“(按理说)应当之意 确定的语气没有must用于推想时强 This pen ought to /should be yours.C.should与“have +过去分词连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为 例如:should have done 本应当做某事而没有做 Shouldn

31、t have done 本不应当做某事却做了。 Would和will的用法 A表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。如: Would you pass me the book? B表示意志、愿望和决心。Will表示如今的意愿,would表示过去的意愿,也可以表示如今的意愿,语较为委婉。如: I will never do that again.Yesterday he wouldnt helped me.I would like a cup of tea.C用“will be和“will(would)+ have + 过去分词的结构表示推想,前者表示对目前状况的推想,后者表示对已经完

32、成的动作或事态的推想。如: This will be the book you want.He will have arrived by now.Dwill表示习惯、请求,固有性质等。 Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.习惯Will you help me with my English?请求E表料想或猜测。如: It would be about ten when he left home. dare(dared)的用法 Dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否认句和条件从句中,一般不用在确定句中。如: How d

33、are you say Im unfair.He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he? She dare not say what she thinks.她不敢说她是怎么想的 need的用法 need表示“需要或“必需,作情态动词时,仅用于否认句或疑问句中,在确定句中一般用must,haveto,ought to,或should代替。如: You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes,you must.留意:neednt + 不定式的完成式“表示原来不必做某事

34、而事实上做了某事。如: You neednt have waited for me.must 和haveto的用法 A.must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。如: The play is not interesting.I really must go now.这部剧没意思。我真的必需如今就走。B.二者的否认意义不大相同。如: You mustnt go.你可不要去。You dont have to go.你不必去。 C.询问对方的意愿时应用must。如: Must I clean all the room?我确定要清扫整个房间吗?Yes,you must.No

35、,you neednt.老师总结:这节课总结了主要的情态动词的用法,内容较多,给大家5分钟时间来消化下,看完后有什么疑问或是哪个词的用法不是很清楚就提出来。老师:教大家一个情态动词的口诀口诀:动词原形接后面,说话语气较委婉。can “实力may“答应,must“责任或“义务。否认回答neednt换,“需要need, dare“敢。should“应当,would“愿,have to“被迫表客观。 3、课堂练习,复习稳固 老师:我们学完了情态动词的用法,下面来做些练习。 2.Jane have come to the party, but she not find the exact time.A

36、.could;could B.might;could C.should;could D.should;would 3.So many mistakes in your homework!You more careful.A.may be B.had to C.would be D.should have been 4Her brotherbe at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.A.mustnt B.neednt C.cant D.shouldnt 5-I cant unders

37、tand why our boss is late.-He the early bus.A.could miss B.may have missed C.can have missed D.might miss 第三篇:情态动词need用法小结 一、NEED与句子类型 本条可参照ANY的用法。NEED可用于: 1.否认句/含有否认意义的句子 1)否认句 含not/hardly/never/nobody等词语。I neednt say anything.He need hardly advise me.You never need tell me this or that.Nobody need

38、 help me.I dont think he need come.否认转移 注:NEEDNT的意思其实有三种,即不必要/不愿定/不应当,视具体语境而定。2)含有否认意义的句子 含only/but/all/before/than等词语。He need only wait here.You need but consider the matter to understand its importance.Thats all that need be said.Do not stay longer than you need.There was another hour before I nee

39、d go out into the cold.2.疑问句/表示疑问的从句 1)疑问句包括否认疑问句Need he say it again? 2)表示疑问的从句 I wonder whether/if I need see her.3.条件句 含if/unless等词。 If he need come, he will.本条要点简洁概括起来就是,NEED不能用于确定句。以下的各种用法也遵循这条规则。 二、NEED与时态 1.如今时 NEED常用于如今时。You neednt stay.2.将来时 You neednt have your blood pressure taken tomorro

40、w.3.过去时 NEED的过去式照旧是NEED。1)过去时间由一过去时间状语表示 He need not come yesterday.2)过去时间由另一过去时动词表示。All he need do was to inquire.It was clear that he need never trouble to get up at seven again.I told him he neednt be in a terrible fix.注:表示过去的NEED常用于间接引语中。本条可参照must的用法 三、NEED与虚拟语气 1)NEED用于虚拟条件句 本条可参照虚拟条件句的构成及用法。If

41、 money were useless, we need not struggle for it.If you had been careful enough, you need not have suffered.注:本条用法较为少见。 2)NEED单独运用:NEEDNT HAVE DONE本条可参照SHOULDNT HAVE DONE的用法。You need not have worried.注:NEED HAVE DONE的形式较为少见 Need you have scolded him so severely for his bad work? He had done his best

42、.否认意味 He need have gone and sent that letter in person.事实上没有做 四、NEED与推想 NEEDNT表示“不愿定。本条可参照must/can的用法。1)NEEDNT+BE It neednt be hot in Florida now.对比: It cant be hot in Florida now.确定不It must be hot in Florida now.确定2)NEEDNT+HAVE DONE He need not have seen much of the world, though he is an old man.对

43、比: He cant have seen much of the world, for he is just a little boy.He must have seen much of the world, for he has been traveling so widely.五、NEED与问句 1)反意疑问句的构成 You neednt go, need you? 2)答句的构成-Need he go?-Yes, he must/has to/needs to.-No, he neednt.本条可参照must的用法 六、情态动词NEED与实义动词NEED 1)运用范围 作为实义动词的NEED有人称、数和时态的转变,运用范围更为广泛,不受句子类型和时态的限制。在确定句、过去时和将来时的句子中,一般运用作为实义动词的NEED。 He needs to see a doctor straightaway.此处needs to不能换做need,因为本句是确定句 Will he need to start earlier? 注: NEED TO BE DONE与NEED DOING可以互换,后者更为常用这里的NEED均为实义动词。2)含义差异

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