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1、Unit 2Cloning1.differ v.不同，相异；不同意、意见不一致 difference n.不同 different adj.不同的 adv.differently拓展：differ from=be different from 与与不同不同 differ in=be different in 在在方面不同方面不同 differ with sb on/about sth 与某人在某事上意见不同与某人在某事上意见不同 make a/no/some difference（to）有）有/无无/一些关系（影响、一些关系（影响、作用）作用）tell the difference betwe
2、en.and.区分区分.和和.的不的不同同eg:American and British English differ in many small ways.Its easy to tell the difference between butter and margarine.(人造黄油)It doesnt make any difference to me whether you go or stay.2.exact(adj)（adv）exactly to be exact:确切地说，精确地说eg:To be exact,he can give you many things you wa
3、nt.To be frank,to be honest,to be sure,等短语不做句子的成分，它 们只是插入语，去掉它们不影响句子的结构。3undertakevt.着手；从事；承担；接受；同意着手；从事；承担；接受；同意_undertook_(过去式)_undertaken_(过去分词)_undertaking_ n任务；事业undertake a task/project 承担一个任务承担一个任务/项目项目undertake to do sth 承诺承诺/答应做某事答应做某事undertake sth 承担承担/从事从事/负责某事负责某事undertake that 承诺承诺/答应答应
4、She undertook full responsibility for the new changes,Dr Jonson undertook the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary willingly.He undertook to finish job by Friday.It is a difficult task to undertake.【考点训练】【考点训练】单句语法填空(1)The project _(undertake)by the young engineer on his own turned out
5、 to be very successful.(2)The man undertook _(look)after the children while his wife could go to the fit club with her friends.undertakento look5.altogether adv.总共；完全地总共；完全地 entirely彻底地；完全地彻底地；完全地 completely完全地；全面地完全地；全面地 totally完全地；总共完全地；总共 wholly完全地完全地 fully完全地；充分地完全地；充分地eg:There are altogether 40
6、 students in the class.The train went slower and slower until it stopped altogether.6objectvi.反对；不赞成反对；不赞成n物体；目标物体；目标 objection n 不赞成；反对；不赞成；反对；异议异议 objective adj.客观的；无偏见的客观的；无偏见的 主观的：主观的：subjective(1)object to sb/sth 反对反对/不赞成某人不赞成某人/某事某事 object to(sb)doing sth 反反对对(某人某人)做某事做某事 object that 提出提出作为反对的
7、理由；抗辩说作为反对的理由；抗辩说(2)raise/voice/make/an objection to(doing)sth 对对(做做)某事提出异议某事提出异议 have/make an/no objection to(doing)sth 反对反对/不反对不反对(做做)某事某事 eg:I objected that he was too young for the position.反对：反对：oppose,be opposed to,be against支持：支持：In favor of,support,be for,bothervt.打扰vi.操心n烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人(1)bothe
8、r doing sth/to do sth花费时间/精力做某事bother with/about sth为某事花费时间/精力bother sb with sth让某人为某事烦恼It bothers sb to do sth/that 使某人苦恼的是(2)put sb to bother给某人添乱【提示】(1)bother作“麻烦；困难”讲时是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事或人”讲时是可数名词。(2)bother表示“花费时间/精力”时，常用于否定句和疑问句中。It bothers me that I am unable to spend enough time with my old paren
9、ts though Im eager to take good care of them.尽管我很想照顾好年迈的父母，但让我苦恼的是我没有足够的时间陪伴他们。Not wanting to put their son to any bother,the old couple made a living all by themselves.因为不想给儿子添乱，那对老夫妇完全依靠自己谋生。【考点训练】单句语法填空(1)Heathcliff was used to being outside all day,and did not bother _to wash_(wash)or change his
10、 clothes.(2)He didnt want to bother her _with_ his financial problems on their honeymoon.(3)Since I moved here last month,many noisy neighbours _have been bothering_(bother)me.单句语法填空(1)James is your best friend,so I have no objection to him _(come)to stay.(2)We object to _(blame)for something that w
11、e havent done.【提示】【提示】object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语时后面需加介词to；oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词。comingbeing blamed8forbidvt.(forbade/forbad；forbidden)禁止；不准禁止；不准(1)forbid doing sth 禁止做某事禁止做某事 forbid sb sth 禁止某人某事禁止某人某事 forbid sb to do sth 禁止禁止/阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事 forbid sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事(2)forbiddenadj.禁止的；不准的禁止
12、的；不准的 Its forbidden to do sth 禁止做某事禁止做某事 Forbidden City 紫禁城紫禁城【提示】【提示】forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可以直接跟动名词作宾语，也可以用forbid sb to do sth形式，有类似用法的动词还有allow,permit,advise等eg:Nobody can forbid our marriage.He has even forbidden me from meeting my friends online at the Internet caf.I will forbid you to leave unl
13、ess you apologize for what you have done.He forbids smoking during office hours.She was forbidden to go out in the midnight.【考点训练】【考点训练】单句语法填空(1)I will forbid you _(leave)unless you apologize for what you have done.(2)He _(forbid)to leave the house as a punishment.(3)I think it necessary to forbid s
14、hops and supermarkets _ offering free plastic shopping bags.【写作微技能】【写作微技能】句式升级(4)那个小孩被禁止外出，因此他无事可做只能看动那个小孩被禁止外出，因此他无事可做只能看动漫。漫。普通表达：普通表达：The child _,so he had nothing to do but watch cartoons.高级表达：高级表达：_,the child had nothing to do but watch cartoons.(分词短语作状语分词短语作状语)to leavewas forbiddenfromwas forb
15、idden to go outForbidden to go out9owevt.欠欠(账、钱、人情等账、钱、人情等)；归功于；归功于(1)owe sb sth/owe sth to sb 欠某人某物欠某人某物 oweto 把把归功于归功于 owe it to sb that 多亏某人多亏某人(2)owing tobecause of因为，由于因为，由于(后接名词、代后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，构成介词短语，表示原因词、动名词作宾语，构成介词短语，表示原因)He still owes his father 50 yuan/50yuan to his father.I owe him an a
16、pology./I owe an apology to him.Owing to the rain,they could not come.He owes his good health to his regular life.【考点训练】【考点训练】单句语法填空(1)My English teacher is such a great soul,_ whom I owe many thanks.(2)I owe _ to you that I have made great progress in my English.toit10.bother vt.打扰打扰vi.操心操心 n烦扰；令人烦
17、恼的事或人烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人，bother作作“麻烦；困难麻烦；困难”讲时是不可数名词；作讲时是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事令人烦恼的事 或或 人人”讲时是可数名词。讲时是可数名词。bother sb about/with sth 使烦恼；使苦恼 cant be bothered to do sth 嫌麻烦而不为；偷懒 Why bother 没有必要吧；何苦那么麻烦 What a bother!讨厌！Dont bother(yourself)about/with small things.用不着为这些琐事烦恼。The grass needs cutting but I cant be bo
18、thered to do it today.He didnt bother to answer the question.他懒得回答这个问题。-I ll go to the post office to mail this parcel to Ann.-Why bother?Ill see her at dinner this evening.Dont bother me while Im reading.我看书的时候别打扰我。Dare beneficial are of great benefit This paid off because she won an award for the
19、report.What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid off all his debts.pay off有回报有回报还清还清(债务债务)短短短短 语语语语 聚聚聚聚 焦焦焦焦2.cast v.投；抛；扔；投射（光/视线等）过去式 cast 过去分词 cast cast down 使失望，使沮丧 be cast down 沮丧的 cast away 抛弃The fishermen cast their nets into the sea.She cast a look at the woman.Clon
20、ing scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.其他表示沮丧的词？feel down/get sb.down favour/favordo sb.a favour帮某人一个忙帮某人一个忙owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情欠某人一个人情in favour of赞成，主张赞成，主张in ones favour对某人有利对某人有利Liu Jianfu，a senior researcher with Guangdong Unive
21、rsity of Foreign Studies，said he was in favor of reducing the homework burden on students.4.(be)bound to(do)一定或注定一定或注定(做做)；有责任或义务；有责任或义务(做做)(1)bind v(bound,bound)捆；绑；约束捆；绑；约束(2)be bound up in 忙于忙于；热衷于；热衷于be bound up with 与与有密切关系有密切关系Dollys death,like her birth,was bound to raise worries.(教材教材P14)多莉的
22、死，正如它的出生一样，注定带来忧虑。多莉的死，正如它的出生一样，注定带来忧虑。【考点训练】【考点训练】单句语单句语法填空法填空(1)Hes too bound up _ his work to have much time for his children.(2)Her illness is bound up _ the pressure from her study and work.inwith1._carry_ v.携带_carrier_ n携带者，搬运工，运输工具2._correction_ n.改正；纠正，修正_correct_ adj.正确的，恰当的，v.改正，校正 correct
23、ly adv.正确地 incorrectly adv.不正确地3.medium_ n.媒体；手段_media_ 媒体；手段(pl)_the media_大众传媒媒体(如电视，报纸）4_obtain_ vt.获得；赢得_obtainable_ adj.可获得的；能取得的5_accumulate_ vi.&vt.积累；聚积_accumulation_ n积累；增加6_retire_ vi.退休；离开_retirement_ n退休7_assumption_ n假定；设想_assume_ vt.假定；设想8_regulation_ n规则；规章；法规_regulate_ vt.调节；管理9.cut（
24、v）过去式 cut 过去分词 cut (n）剪枝，剪报，剪纸cutting10.identity n.同一性，身份 identical adj.同一的，一模一样的 11 commerce n.商业，贸易 commercial adj.商业的，贸易的 n.商业广告 plicate v.使复杂化 complicated adj.复杂的，难懂的 13.shortly adv.立刻，不久 short adj.短的 7.obtain v.获得获得We wished to obtain first-hand information.同义词：attain acquire gain earn achieves
25、traightforward adj 简单的，直接的，坦率的breakthrough nbreak through We break through the barrier.We hope to break through soon in the fight against novel coronavirus.procedure n 程序，步骤，手续process n.（自然）过程 v.加工 fate n.命运，天命fatal adj.致命的，毁灭性的，a fatal accident/illness destiny n.命运impacthave a(an).impact on n.撞击，冲击，巨大的影响conservativeadj.保守的，守旧的conventional 符合习俗的，传统的，常见的，惯例的controversial 有争议的，有争论的contemporary 发生属于同时期的,当代的 compulsory 义务的make a loaf loaf-loavesbread a piece of bread