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1、高考英语复习一高考英语复习一-语法语法不定式的简介不定式的简介动词不定式的各种形式主动结构主动结构被动结构被动结构一般式一般式 to do to be done进行时进行时 to be doing完成式完成式 to have done to have been done完成进行式完成进行式 to have been doing 动词不定式 时态的用法n1、现在时：表示的动词与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在它的后面发生。nHe seems to know that thing.nI hope to visit you again.n=I hope I will visit you again.n
2、2、完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。nHe seemed to have caught a cold.动词不定式 时态的特殊用法n1.表示过去没有实现的期待或计划，多用表示希望、计划等动词不定式+have done的形式，常用词有expect.hope.plan.promise.want.wish.等nShe want to have met you at the station,but she didnt get there in time.动词不定式时态的特殊用法n2）表示未能实现的愿望我们采用的结构是should like to have done 或would like to h
3、ave done.nI should/would like to have given her the gift.我原想把这个礼物送给她的。不定式在句中的成分n1.做主语n不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语的后面，用it做形式主语，nTo see is to believen=It is right to give up smoking.n2.做宾语。nHe wanted to go.nI find it interesting to study English.不定式在句中的成分n3.做宾语补足语nHe asked me to do the work with him.n4.做定语nHe is l
4、ooking for a room to live innThere is nothing to worry about.nPlease give me a knife to cut with.n说明：1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词；或者它所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点、工具等，不定式的后面必须有相应的介词。例如上述例子.不定式在句中的成分n说明：2.作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态。含义不同nHave you anything to send?n(不定式to send的动作执行者是you)nHave you anythin
5、g to be sent?n(不定式to send的动作执行者是被省略的me 或someone else.)不定式在句中的成分n4作状语，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。nI came here to see you.nWe hurried to school only to find it was Sunday.nTo look at him,you would like him.nWe were very excited to hear the news.不定式在句中的成分n注意1n某些形容词在too to 结构中没有否定的含义，而是肯定意义：nanxious;delighted;eager
6、;easy;glad;kind;pleased;ready;surprised,willing 等。nShe was too surprised to see how angry her father was.不定式在句中的成分n注意2 在not;never;only;all;but;等后的too to 结构中的too 含义是very.不定式没有否定含义。Im only too glad to stay at home.Were never too old to learn.活到老,学到老English is not too difficult to learn.英语并不难学.不定式在句中的成
7、分n5.作表语nMy job is to help the patient.n6.作独立成分nTo tell you the truth,I dont agree with you.n常见的类似短语：nTo be frank,to be exact,to begin with,to make a long story short.不定式在句中的成分n6.不定式语疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what,等词连用在句中起名词作用可以充当主语，表语、宾语等。nHe didnt know what to buy.nHow to solve the problem is ver
8、y important.不定式的时态n完成式：n1不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式。nIm sorry to have kept you waiting.nHe is believed to have come.n2.在intended,expected,hoped,promised,wanted,wished,thought 等后面，表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待、计划等，也表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作或状态。nI hoped to have bought the new book.不带to 的不定式n不带to 的不定式情况：n1.在feel,hear,listen to,make,no
9、tice let,have,see,look at,observe,watch,等词的后面的宾补用不带to的不定式。n2.在would rather than,rather than 的结构后的than 后用不带to 的不定式。nI would rather go than stay.不带to 的不定式n3在以why引导的疑问句中不带to.why worry about it?Why not do it right now?4.不定式在介词but,except,besides后面时如果这些介词之后存在动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词的后面的不定式不带to,否则，要带to.She could
10、do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to accept the fact.不带to 的不定式n5.为了避免重复，不定式可以省略.nIm really puzzled what to think or say.n-Would you like to go with me?n-Id like to.其他情况的介绍n1.表示人物特征的形容词同of后的名词或代词关系密切，有意义上的主表关系，常与of 搭配nbrave,careful,careless,clever,cruel,nfoolish,good,hones,kind,nice,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,wise,wrong,etc.nIt was very kind of you to come to help me.其他情况的介绍n2.表示事物性质的形容词同for后的名词或代词关系不密切，没有意义上的主表关系常与for 搭配。neasy,hard,heavy,necessary,important impossible,possible,difficult,etc.nIt is hard for him to get rid of his bad habits.练习