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1、初初中中语语法法精精讲讲之之简简单单句句句句子子种种类类Grammar Grammar RevisionRevision：S Simple Sentenceimple Sentence英英 语语 中中 考考 冲冲 刺刺小小 初初 中中 工工 作作 室室 舍舍 予予句子种类句子种类-简单句简单句按按交交际际用用途途分分陈述句陈述句肯定句肯定句肯定句肯定句 I love you.I love you.否定句否定句否定句否定句 I I dontdont love you.love you.疑问句疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句 DoDo you love me?you love me?
2、特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 WhyWhy do you love me?do you love me?选择疑问句选择疑问句选择疑问句选择疑问句 Do you love me Do you love me oror her?her?祈使句祈使句肯定式肯定式肯定式肯定式 LoveLove me,please.me,please.否定式否定式否定式否定式 DontDont love me.love me.感叹句感叹句whatwhat引导引导引导引导 What What greatgreat lovelove she hasshe has!howhow引导引导引导引导 HowHow gr
3、eat great the lovethe love is!is!陈述句陈述句说明事实或表示说话人的看法。说明事实或表示说话人的看法。知识点例子陈陈述述句句肯定肯定陈述句I love you.否否定定陈述句在be，have，will，shall(包括情态动词)后直接加notI will not/wont love you.先在行为动词前面加do,does,或did，再在后面加notI do not/dont love you.I did not/didnt love you.用no，nobody，few，little，neither，hardly，nor，never等Nobody loves
4、you.Neither of them loves you.there be句型：某地有某物句型：某地有某物肯定：肯定：There is/are.否定：否定：There isnt/arent一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Is/Are there.?肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,there is/are.否定回答：否定回答：No,there isnt/arent.1.We ordered beef noodles,but any beef in the noodles.Put on your glasses and you can see the beef.A.there isnt B.there is
5、 C.there arent D.there are 2.Is there a watermelon on the table？_.A.Yes,there is.B.Yes,it is.C.No,there is.D.No,it isnt.any:表示否定表示否定beef:牛肉（不可数）牛肉（不可数）there be 问，there be 回答3.He is a naught boy and always cheats others._ likes him.A.Everybody B.Nobody C.Everything D.Nothing 4.There is a sign“No smok
6、ing”there.Sorry,I _ smoke again.A.dont B.do C.wont D.willnaught naught 调皮的调皮的cheat cheat 欺骗欺骗很抱歉，表示不再吸烟，用很抱歉，表示不再吸烟，用wontwont疑问句疑问句 提出问题，让对方作出回答。知识点例子1.一般疑一般疑问问句句，询问是否属实，回答是Yes/NoDo you love me?Will you love me?2.特殊疑特殊疑问问句句，对句中某一特定部分提问，由“特殊疑问词一般疑问句”构成Why do you love me?When do you love me?3.选择选择疑疑问问
7、句句，常提供两种或两种以上情况，询问对方选择哪一种由“一般疑问句A or B?”构成Do you love me or her?由“特殊疑问句，A or B？或A，B or C？”构成Who is your lover,Amy or Annie?特殊疑问词：特殊疑问词：what,when,why,which,who,how,how many,how much.1.is your father?Does he still work as an engineer？Yes,he has been an engineer for thirty years.A.Who B.How C.What D.Wh
8、ich 2.I hear you studied in New York last week.Was it sunny or rainy there？.A.It was rainy.B.It is sunny.C.Yes,it is.D.Im afraid not.问职业：What is sb.?选择疑问句：回答选用其中一个 3.did you work out the problem in such a short time？With Mr.Lis help.A.When B.Where C.How D.Which 4.will the invitations be sent to our
9、guests？In three days.A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.How far 5.pocket money do you usually get every month？Fifty yuan.What about you？A.How often B.How long C.How many D.How much通过李先生的帮助，用How提问方式in+时间：多久之后，用How soon问将来多久moneymoney：不可数，所以用：不可数，所以用how muchhow much问频率问多长时间问多少（可数）6.You come to school
10、 early every day.is it from your home to school？Its only about one kilometer.A.How long B.How much C.How many D.How far 7.is it the Qomolongma？Its 8,848 meters.Its very hard to climb the mountain.A.How deep B.How long C.How far D.How high一公里（距离）问距离问多深问多高 祈使句祈使句以动词原形开头的句子，表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。知识点例子肯定式（动
11、原开头）Love me,please.Try to love me.否定式（Dont/Never/No开头）Dont love me.Never love me again.祈使句否定式：祈使句否定式：mustnt,neednt,cant,shouldnt等等1.Sorry Im late.tell me the bus broke down again！A.Never to B.Not C.Dont D.No 2.Daniel,play with the mobile phone while youre walking in the street.A.dont B.doesnt C.wont
12、 D.cant 3.on the grass,or it will“cry”.A.To walk B.Not to walk C.Walk D.Dont walk 4.Tony,look at the books!What a mess!Okay!Okay!A.Put them away B.Put it on C.Put away them D.Put them on祈祈使使句句否否定定 式：式：Don Don tt开开头头1.1.复数：用复数：用themthem；2.2.代词代词it/themit/them放中间放中间put away:put away:放好放好put on:put on:
13、穿上穿上Exclamatory sentence1What a/anadj.可数名词单数主语谓语！可数名词单数主语谓语！2Whatadj.可数名词复数主语谓语！可数名词复数主语谓语！3Whatadj.不可数名词主语谓语！不可数名词主语谓语！4Howadj./adv.主语谓语！主语谓语！感叹句 表达惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪。1What a/anadj.可数名词单数主语谓语！可数名词单数主语谓语！2Whatadj.可数名词复数主语谓语！可数名词复数主语谓语！3Whatadj.不可数名词主语谓语！不可数名词主语谓语！4Howadj./adv.主语谓语！主语谓语！由由What/How What/How
14、引导的感叹句引导的感叹句总原则：总原则：What+名词名词 How+adj/adv 感叹句做题方法感叹句做题方法1.从后往前数，找不到主谓，看最后一个单词，如果是名词，从后往前数，找不到主谓，看最后一个单词，如果是名词，就用就用what,可数名词单数用可数名词单数用what a/an,是形容词是形容词/副词就用副词就用How.Eg:_ bad news!_ terrible!WhatHow _ terrible the novel coronavirus is!感叹句做题方法感叹句做题方法2.从后往前数，能找到主谓，就把主谓划掉，看最后一个单词从后往前数，能找到主谓，就把主谓划掉，看最后一个单
15、词1）最后一个单词是名词就用）最后一个单词是名词就用what,单数名词就用单数名词就用what a/an,注意：名词前可能会有形容词或冠词修饰。注意：名词前可能会有形容词或冠词修饰。2）是形容词）是形容词/副词就用副词就用how._ good book she is!_ good books they are!_ fun it is to ride and sing!What a What What How新型冠状病毒新型冠状病毒1.Wow!_ beautiful the music is！Yes.Thats my favorite.A.What B.What a C.What an D.Ho
16、w 2._ exciting boat race it was！Many people watched it.A.What a B.What an C.How D.How a 3._weather it is today！Wed better stay at home.A.What hot B.How hot C.What a hot D.How a hot 4._ great fun Andrew has_DIY in the art room with his classmates！A.What;doing B.What;done C.How;doing D.How;done动词has 后
17、用动词过去分词主语形容词动词主语可数名词动词主语不可数名词动词主语不可数名词近近5 5年省题分析年省题分析1.(2019广东)_ smart the driverless car is!I really want to have one.A.What B.What a C.What an D.How 2.(2017广东)Is there any outdoor learning in your school？_ .We learn outdoors once or twice every month.A.Yes,there is.B.No,there isnt.C.Yes,it is.D.No
18、,it isnt.3.(2017广东)Aamir Khan played the part of a great father in the movie The Tale of Fatherly Love._ excellent actor he is！A.What B.What a C.What an D.How 4.(2016广东)Tommy,_ play basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car.A.do B.dont C.must D.mustnt形容词there be 问，there be 回答祈使句否定式
19、：Don t开头动词主语动词主语可数名词5.(2016广东)It is reported that cancer can be controlled at a temperature lower than 100 below zero.Really？_ nice surprise！A.How B.What C.What a D.What an6.(2015广东)_ there any living things on other planets？I have no ideas.Maybe we can know about that in the future.A.Is B.Are C.Has D.Have7.(2015广东)So far,Su Binglan is the only Chinese who finished the 100 meter race in less than 10 seconds._ he runs！A.How slow B.How fast C.What a slow D.What a fast1.省略了动词和主语；2.surprise可数名词1.there be 句型；2.things 可数，用are动词（补副词）主语