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1、非谓语动词动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。所谓非谓语动词就是不能做谓语，没有人称和数的变化。不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。To只是不定式的一个符号，没有实际意义。另外，动词不定式具有动词的性质，可以带宾语和状语，不定式加上它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。而且不定式可以作除谓语以外的其他句子成分。具体用法如下：1.作宾语动词不定式作及物动词的宾语，常用的及物动词有：begin,want,hope,forget,remember,help,like,love,need,try,ask,learn,wish,agree,choose,start,plan,decide,r
2、efuse等e.g.(1).IbegantolearnEnglish.(2).Theoldmanalwaysforgetswhattodo.(3).KangKangwantstoasktheteacheraquestion.(4).Herefusedtoplaysoccerwithhisfriends英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么及物动词之后，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么 2.作宾语补足语例：例：Tell the children not to play on the road.Would you li
3、ke me to help you?I often help my mother(to)do housework at home注：注：（1）作动词）作动词ask,tell,want,order,invite,wish,teach等的宾补时，动词不定式要带等的宾补时，动词不定式要带toI asked Jack to carry the box.（2）.表示感官和使役的动词表示感官和使役的动词let,make,feel,hear,see,watch等的宾补时，动词不定式不带等的宾补时，动词不定式不带to.She let me borrow an English book.（3）.作动词作动词he
4、lp的宾补时，动词不定式可带的宾补时，动词不定式可带to，也可以，也可以不带不带.Could you help me(to)do the cooking this afternoon?在英语中有些及物动词，接了在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其它的句子成分，来补充一个其它的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。为宾语补足语，简称宾补。3.作主语To smoke is a bad habit.It is hard to answer your question该句也可说该句也可说成：成：To
5、answer your question is hard.注注:（1）如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，）如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前面加一个可在不定式前面加一个for sb.做不定式的逻辑主做不定式的逻辑主语语.It is important for us to learn computer.It is easy for you to work out this math problem.(2).如果表语是kind,nice,right,wrong,good,clever,polite,careful,careless,foolish等描述行为者本身的性格、品质表示主观
6、感情或态度的形容词时，则应在不定式前面加ofsb.做逻辑主语.Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.Itisfoolishofyoutogivehimsomuchmoney.两种结构还有一个区别，在ofsb.结构中，可用sb.直接做主语来改写句子.试比较：Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.Youarekindtohelpme.For sb.结构是不可以这样转换的结构是不可以这样转换的It is important for us to learn computer.We are important to learn computer.()4.4.作状语作状语(1)
7、作目的状语作目的状语I come especially to see you.我专门来看你我专门来看你.He ran so fast to catch the first bus.他跑这么快是为了赶上第一趟车他跑这么快是为了赶上第一趟车.I come here only to say goodbye to you.(2).作结果状语作结果状语She was so excited to say a word.她太激动了以致说不出话来她太激动了以致说不出话来.(3).作原因状语作原因状语She wouldnt be so silly to do that.她不会傻到做那件事的她不会傻到做那件事的.
8、Im glad to see you.5.作表语（1）主语是不定式（表示条件），表语是不定式（表示结果）Toworkmeanstomakealiving工作意味着谋生工作意味着谋生.（2）主语是）主语是duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish,dream,task，work等名词为中心的短语，或是以等名词为中心的短语，或是以what引导的名词性从句，不定式短语对主语起补充说引导的名词性从句，不定式短语对主语起补充说明的作用明的作用.不定式可放在不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：动词后面，形成表语。例如：My work is t
9、o clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor.Your task is to find out the cost by bus.6.作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后总是后置不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后总是后置.注：下列词语后常接动词不定式作定语注：下列词语后常接动词不定式作定语chance,wish,time,way,the first,need,the only,the second,the last,right,promise等等例如：例如：I have a lot of work to do.Its time
10、to get up.The teacher doesnt have much to say today.He has no time to see the film.如果动词不定式是不及物动词如果动词不定式是不及物动词（iv.iv.），后面就得加相应的介词），后面就得加相应的介词.He wants to find a chair to sit on.This is an interesting picture to look at.He told me he had found a room to live in.7.动词不定式的否定形式.其否定形式是在不定式前加其否定形式是在不定式前加not
11、I decided to ask him again.I decided not to ask him again.8.动词不定式短语可以和疑问词what,which,how,where,when等连用Idontknowwhattodo.Couldyoutellmewheretobuytheshirt.HedidntknowwhattosaywhenhesawAnn.练习l.Wouldyouliketoplaygameswithme?_.A.IliketoplayB.IdlikeC.IwouldplayD.Idliketo2.Itwasclever_you_thisquestion.A.of,
12、toanswerB.for,toanswerB.C.of,answerD.foranswer3.ImgoodatEnglish.Ithinkitseasy_me_Englishwell.A.of:learnB.of:tolearn.C.for,learnD.for,tolearn4.Tomorrowismymothersbirthday.Iwant_anewdress.A.boughtherB.buy,forherC.tobuyherD.buy,her5.Thepolicemantoldboys_inthestreet.Itwasdangerous.A.nottoplayB.notplayin
13、gC.tonotplayD,playingnot6.Isawthem_intheriver.A,swamB.toswimC.swimD.wereswimming7.Ihavenopaper.Couldyougivemeapieceofpaper_?A.towriteinB.writeinC.towriteonD.writeon8.Weveworkedforabouttwohours.Letsstop_arest.A.havingB.haveC.tohaveD.had9.Itsverykind_you_andseeme.A.of,comeB.for,comeC.of,tocomeD.for,to
14、comel0.Mylittlebrotherisonlyfive.Heistooyoung_toschool.,A.togoB.goingC.goD.nottogoll.Pleaseremember_thisbooktotheschoollibrary.A.returnB.toreturnC.returningD.returned12.Noonecanstopher_away.A.ofgoingB.fromgoingC.togoD.outofgoing13.AuntLitoldthechildren_paperplane.A.howtomakeB.whattomakeC.howmaketoD.
15、whatmaketol4.Hetried_buthecouldnt.Becausehestillhadsomethingtodo.A.togotobedB.togettosleepC.goingtobedD.tosleep15.Thedoorbellrang,andmother_thedoor.A.stoppedopenB.stoppedopeningC.stoppedtoopenD.stoppedopened16.Iamsorryfor_yesterday.A.wakeyouupB.wakeupyouC.wakingupyouD.wakingyouupl7.Thebabyiscryingha
16、rderandharder.Couldyoulether_?A.tostopcryingB.stoptocryC.stopcryingD.stoptobecrying18.Ifyoudontbelievetheresultoftheexperiment,whynot_itinanotherway?A.trydoingB.totrydoingC.trytodoD.tryingtodol9.Afterhehadreadthenewwords,hewenton_thetext.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading20.Iprefer_heretoday.A.stayB.tobestayingC.tostayD.stayed