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1、中考语法精讲被动语态1.1.规则动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词：1)1)一般情况在动词原形后一般情况在动词原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不发音以不发音e e结尾的加结尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以辅音加以辅音加y y结尾的，去结尾的，去y y变变i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenha
2、vehashaddodonewritewrittengogone部分常见的不规则动词：部分常见的不规则动词：go-went-gonedo-did-donehave/has-had-hadtake-took-takeneat-ate-eatensee-saw-seenspeak-spoke-spokenwrite-wrote-writtensing-sang-sungbuild-built-builtgrow-grew-grownmake-made-madeam/is/are-was/were-beensend-sent-sent英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEn
3、glish.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by动变被动变被,看清看清be,结构分别结构分别be+pp主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态的基本构成：被动语态的基本构成：be+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词（be+done)be+done)Heplantstreesinspring.主谓宾(受动者)Treesareplanted byhim改为被动语态inspring.主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受者即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory
4、.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态-即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+主语主语/宾语宾语.bythem.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.主动语态变被
5、动语态口诀主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，宾语提前主语变，原主变宾原主变宾by后见，后见，时态人称时态人称be关键关键。Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Theroom willbecleanedby Tomtomorrow.Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowlsarewashed byhisbrothereveryday.1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfacto
6、ry.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are+过去分词过去分词一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+p.p.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.2.TheyboughttencomputerslasttermTencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词Heputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+p.p.Hemadethekite.T
7、hekitewasmadebyhim.3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+willbe+过去分词过去分词一般将来时一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedoneTheywillplanttreestomorrow.TreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrowHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.4.Amyca
8、ntakegoodcareofGinaGinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.含有情态动词的：含有情态动词的：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should+be+p.p.Icanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.5.SomeworkersarepaintingtheroomsnowTheroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词6Iwasdoingm
9、yhomeworkat8:00lastnightMyhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词7WehavemadetwentymorekeysTwentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词现在完成时现在完成时has/have+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态
10、的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：过去进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：am/is/are+P.Pwas/were+P.P.can/may/must/should+be+P.P.will+be+P.P.am/is/are+being+P.P.was/were+being+P.P.have/has+been+P.P.练习一练习一1.Mymothermadethesoup.2.UncleWangwillrepairmycomputer.3.Youmustcleanyour
11、roomonceaweek.4.Theboybrokethewindow.5、Theworkersarebuildinganewbridge.Thesoupwasmadebymymother.MycomputerwillberepairedbyUncleWang.Yourroommustbecleanedonceaweek(byyou).Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.Anewbridgeisbeingbuilt(bytheworkers).被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。This watch is m
12、ade in China.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Many trees should be planted every year.何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4.句子的主语是动作的承受者句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。许多房屋被冲走了。Many houses were washed away by th
13、e flood.5、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaulTina是被是被Paul叫来的。叫来的。6、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，19897、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人有人说说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如：ItissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseandItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知众所周知Itiswell
14、knownthat据推测说据推测说Itissupposedthat补充部分补充部分1.主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。This kind of shirt sells well.2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：It smells wonderful.Mooncakes taste delicious.3.在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。例：This book is worth readin
15、g.4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。带复合宾语的被动语态结构带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）（）makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.watchlethavehearseenoticeto.be(2)seesb.doing
16、sth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/.Weoftenhearthemsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).Thissongisoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).BobsentKatealetterlastyear.=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.=AletterwassenttoKatebyBo
17、blastyear.tellaskbringwritegiveteachpasslendtosb.HetoldJimastory.Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum.makebuydrawforsb.Iboughtmybrotherabook.练习二练习二1.Myparentsboughtmeabike.2.Havetheypaidyouthemoney?3.Heistellingusafunnystory.4.JackgaveJimapresent.Iwasboughtabikebymypa
18、rents.Abikewasboughtformebymyparents.A.Haveyoubeenpaidthemoney?B.Hasthemoneybeenpaidtoyou?A.Wearebeingtoldafunnystory.B.Afunnystoryisbeingtoldtous.JimwasgivenapresentbyJack.ApresentwasgiventoJimbyJack.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassr
19、oomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.5.Lastyearwebuiltalibraryinourschool.Alibrary_inourschoollast
20、year.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers_tohelpthem.wasbuiltcanbeused7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?_atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_ourwork_today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)_somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonder
21、fulstamps_.weweregivenweregiventous10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike_intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine_threetimesada
22、y.canbemendedmustbetaken课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.Treesare
23、plantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten(二二)用所给动词的正确形式填空：用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Thebike_(fix)upbyXiaoMingyesterday.2)Sunglasses_(use)forprotectingpeopleseyes.3)Apicture_(put)upontheblackboard.4)French_(speak)inFrance.5)Teenagersshould_(allow)tochoosetheirownclothe
24、s.wasfixedareusedisputisspokenbeallowed1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_the
25、sportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbe
26、encut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDCBC8.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace
27、;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeeli
28、ngB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten13.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypingCtobetypedDtyped14.Takecare!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipi
29、ntothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.gooutBCAD16.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmi
30、ssed_.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded_again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20._manytimes,theboystilldidntknowhowtodoit.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.TeachingDCCDB（四）将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句四）将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句变为主动句：变为主动句：1)ZhengJieinventedthisspeci
31、alpen.变被动句变被动句2)ThebikewasfixedupbyJimmy.变主动句变主动句3)Peopleusesunglassestoprotecttheireyes.4)Teachersallowstudentstoputuphandsinclass.ThisspecialpenwasinventedZhengJie.JimmyfixedupthebikeSunglassesareused(bypeople)toprotecteyes.Studentsareallowed(byteachers)toputuphandsinclass.Thank you for listening!