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1、句子翻译技巧英译中第1页，此课件共30页哦 We didnt know much about each other twenty years ago.We were guided by our intuition;you swept me off my feet.It was snowing when we got married at the Ahwahnee.Years passed,kids came,good times,hard times,but never bad times.Our love and respect has endured and grown.Weve been
2、 through so much together and here we are right back where we started 20 years ago-older,wiser with wrinkles on our faces and hearts.We now know many of lifes joys,sufferings,secrets and wonders and were still here together.My feet have never returned to the ground.第2页，此课件共30页哦句子翻译1视角转移视角转移第3页，此课件共3
3、0页哦1.Words fail me!(=I cant describe or answer that,esp.because of surprise or shock.)我我（惊得（惊得/吓得）就是说不出话来！吓得）就是说不出话来！2.No complaints passed her lips.(A.S.Hornby)她她从不抱怨。从不抱怨。3.To make her his queen never entered his mind.(Andersens Fairy Tales:The Little Mermaid)他从来也没有想到要把她娶为皇后。他从来也没有想到要把她娶为皇后。4.Not
4、a sound reached our ears.(A.S.Hornby)我们没有听到任何声音。我们没有听到任何声音。5.When Della reached home her excitement gave way a little to prudence and reason.(O.Henry:The Gifts)德拉到家以后，（她）开始有点由兴奋转向谨慎和理智了）德拉到家以后，（她）开始有点由兴奋转向谨慎和理智了）Practice第4页，此课件共30页哦Topics to be covered:一一.主体的转移主体的转移二二.空间视角的转移空间视角的转移三三.时间视角的转移时间视角的转移
5、四四.正反视角的转移正反视角的转移第5页，此课件共30页哦一一.主体的转移主体的转移Conversion of Impersonal SubjectsImpersonal subjects are far more often found in English than in Chinese,hence the necessity of their conversion into personal or other subjects in Chinese.汉语倾向于选择有生命的生命体作为主语，而英语在使用生汉语倾向于选择有生命的生命体作为主语，而英语在使用生命体作主语的同时也经常采用无生命体作
6、主语。命体作主语的同时也经常采用无生命体作主语。第6页，此课件共30页哦（1）The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the Peoples Republic of China1949年中华人民共和国成立。年中华人民共和国成立。（2）Shanghai first saw the rise of the movement这个运动首先在上海兴起。这个运动首先在上海兴起。（3）The following year saw the death of his mother第二年他妈妈去世了。第二年他妈妈去世了。（4）Many troubles visited th
7、e poor old man last year去年这个可怜的老人碰到了不少麻烦。去年这个可怜的老人碰到了不少麻烦。第7页，此课件共30页哦1.Convert Impersonal Subjects into Personal or Other Subjects （把非人称主语转换为人称主语或其他主语）（把非人称主语转换为人称主语或其他主语）Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22000-student University of Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor,where t
8、he Chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria line for lunch and later played an exhibition match.(China.USA.Table Tennis)星期五那天，星期五那天，中国乒乓球队中国乒乓球队一早就到安亚伯附近去参观拥有一早就到安亚伯附近去参观拥有22000名学名学生的密执安大学现代校园。他们和该校学生在校内自助餐厅一起排队生的密执安大学现代校园。他们和该校学生在校内自助餐厅一起排队取午餐，然后举行了一场表演赛。取午餐，然后举行了一场表演赛。第8页，此课件共30页
9、哦2.Convert Impersonal Subjects and Split English Simple Sentences into Chinese Complex Sentences(转换非人称主语，把英语的简单句拆成汉语的复合句）转换非人称主语，把英语的简单句拆成汉语的复合句）I am very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has prevented me from sending an earlier reply to your letter.（我因为）（我因为）近来忙于各种事务，未能早些复信，深感抱歉。近来忙于各种事
10、务，未能早些复信，深感抱歉。To accept this position would involve my living in London.如果我如果我接受这个职务，接受这个职务，我就我就必须住在伦敦。必须住在伦敦。The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents.一看到一看到那孤儿，那孤儿，我便我便想起她的父母亲。想起她的父母亲。第9页，此课件共30页哦常用形象的写法赋予无生命主语以人或人的团体所特有的动作，常用形象的写法赋予无生命主语以人或人的团体所特有的动作，以增加句子的表现力。类似的用法还有：以增加句子的表现力。类似的
11、用法还有：My watch says five.按我的表，现在按我的表，现在5点了。点了。The one look had told Mary what sort of man she had to deal with.玛丽看了一眼就明白她要对付的是什么样的人了。玛丽看了一眼就明白她要对付的是什么样的人了。第10页，此课件共30页哦3.Convert Impersonal Subjects into Chinese Adverbials or Prepositional Phrases(把非人称主语转换成汉语的状语或介词短语）把非人称主语转换成汉语的状语或介词短语）March 1940 fou
12、nd me working in a small construction firm.(J.Austen)1940年年3月月，我在一家小型建筑公司工作。，我在一家小型建筑公司工作。No city on American soil had known such destruction.(Herman Wouk)在美国国土上在美国国土上，没有一座城市曾经遭受过如此严重的破坏。，没有一座城市曾经遭受过如此严重的破坏。My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness.凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。凭良心讲，你待
13、我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。第11页，此课件共30页哦4.Convert Impersonal Subjects and Split English Sentences,Simple or Complex,into Chinese Compound or Run-on Sentences.(转换非人称主语，把英语的简单句或复合句拆成汉语的并列分句或流水转换非人称主语，把英语的简单句或复合句拆成汉语的并列分句或流水句）句）The satisfaction of Miss Bennets mind gave such a glow of sweet animation to her face.(J.
14、Austen)贝内特小姐贝内特小姐心满意足，不禁桃腮泛晕，流露出一丝激动的神情来。心满意足，不禁桃腮泛晕，流露出一丝激动的神情来。The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.(Joseph:English 3200)我我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。第12页，此课件共30页哦5.Convert Impersonal Subjects into Chinese“Extra-position”Elements”（把非人称主语转换成汉语的外位成分，汉语的主语用（把非人称主语转换成汉语的外位成分，汉语的主
15、语用“这这”来代来代 称这个外位成分）称这个外位成分）My two great isolating experiences have given me an almost mystical sense of identity with all suffering humanity.我有过两次不同场合的重要经历，这使我产生了一种几乎带有神秘我有过两次不同场合的重要经历，这使我产生了一种几乎带有神秘色彩的同情心而站在一切受苦人一边。色彩的同情心而站在一切受苦人一边。第13页，此课件共30页哦二二.空间视角的转移空间视角的转移Arguing from the view that humans are
16、 different from animals in every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.极端主义者认为，人与动物在各方面都不同，对动物极端主义者认为，人与动物在各方面都不同，对动物无需考无需考虑虑道德问题道德问题第14页，此课件共30页哦Tunnel VisionPoints of interest三三.时间视角的转移时间视角的转移The guerrillas would fight to death before they
17、 surrendered.游击队员宁愿战斗到死，也绝不投降。游击队员宁愿战斗到死，也绝不投降。He will die of hunger before he steals.他宁愿饿死，也不愿行窃。他宁愿饿死，也不愿行窃。Its a long time since I enjoyed myself so much.好长时间没这么痛快地玩了。好长时间没这么痛快地玩了。第15页，此课件共30页哦四四.正反视角的转移正反视角的转移不同的思维方式往往需要不同的语言表达方式。譬如，正说不同的思维方式往往需要不同的语言表达方式。譬如，正说和反说的习惯表达不同，就反映了英汉语使用者思维方法的和反说的习惯表达不
18、同，就反映了英汉语使用者思维方法的不同。所以翻译时常常要采用正说反译和反说正译的转换法。不同。所以翻译时常常要采用正说反译和反说正译的转换法。这样做的目的有三：这样做的目的有三：1）保证语义明确；保证语义明确；2）加强修辞效果；加强修辞效果；3）尊重汉语表达习惯，使译文通顺易懂。尊重汉语表达习惯，使译文通顺易懂。第16页，此课件共30页哦1.保证语义明确保证语义明确1）正说反译）正说反译Her conduct is above reproach.她的行为无可指责。她的行为无可指责。Politeness is not always the sign of wisdom,but the want
19、of it always leaves room for the suspicion of folly.虽然有礼貌并不一定标志着有智慧，但是无礼貌却会使人怀虽然有礼貌并不一定标志着有智慧，但是无礼貌却会使人怀疑其愚蠢。疑其愚蠢。第17页，此课件共30页哦2）反说正译）反说正译 I wont keep you waiting long.我一会儿就回来。我一会儿就回来。第18页，此课件共30页哦2.加强修辞效果加强修辞效果 1）正说反译）正说反译 Opportunity knocks but once.机不可失，时不再来。机不可失，时不再来。(比较：机遇只光顾一次）比较：机遇只光顾一次）2）反说正
20、译）反说正译 Isnt if funny?真逗！真逗！第19页，此课件共30页哦3.尊重汉语表达习惯，保证译文通顺易懂尊重汉语表达习惯，保证译文通顺易懂 1）正说反译）正说反译 Mary lay awake almost the whole night.玛丽躺在那儿，几乎一夜没合眼。玛丽躺在那儿，几乎一夜没合眼。I know not what course others may take,but as for me,give me liberty or give me death.我不管别人采取什么行动，但就我而言，不自由，毋宁死！我不管别人采取什么行动，但就我而言，不自由，毋宁死！第20页，
21、此课件共30页哦2）反说正译）反说正译 We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.井枯方知水可贵。井枯方知水可贵。第21页，此课件共30页哦1.These are our tasks for the period ahead.这些是我们今后的任务。这些是我们今后的任务。（past-orientation vs.future-orientation)2.She set a good table.她摆了一桌丰盛的菜肴。她摆了一桌丰盛的菜肴。(the container vs.the things contained)3.He bea
22、t her black and blue.他把她打得青一块，紫一块。他把她打得青一块，紫一块。（different colors)其他：其他：第22页，此课件共30页哦4.People began to leave the hall by ones and twos.人们开始三三两两地离开大厅。人们开始三三两两地离开大厅。（different numbers)5.Students get a discount of 20%on air fares.学生买机票可打八折。学生买机票可打八折。（different angles)6.Hardbacks are usually more expensi
23、ve than paperbacks.精装书通常比简装书贵。精装书通常比简装书贵。(material vs.packing)第23页，此课件共30页哦第24页，此课件共30页哦Homework:翻译下面的短文，注意正反表达。翻译下面的短文，注意正反表达。For three years we had never spent Halloween without Father getting his nose broken.This experience took the fun out of Halloween parties in our family.Of course,people said
24、 that things always go by threes,so there was no chance of its happening again.But alas!When Father jumped out of bed and started into the hall to answer the telephone,he ran slam into the partly open door,and broke his nose for the fourth time,and today is Halloween!第25页，此课件共30页哦Transition Page连续三年
25、，我们过万圣节，父亲连续三年，我们过万圣节，父亲都都碰破了鼻子。这使我们万圣碰破了鼻子。这使我们万圣节的家庭聚会节的家庭聚会索然无味索然无味。诚然，常言道，。诚然，常言道，事不过三事不过三，因此，这，因此，这类事情不会再发生了。但是，天呀！当父亲匆忙跳下床去厅类事情不会再发生了。但是，天呀！当父亲匆忙跳下床去厅里接电话时，一头撞到半掩着的门上，第四次碰破了鼻子。里接电话时，一头撞到半掩着的门上，第四次碰破了鼻子。今天是万圣节哟！今天是万圣节哟！For three years we had never spent Halloween without Father getting his nose
26、 broken.This experience took the fun out of Halloween parties in our family.Of course,people said that things always go by threes,so there was no chance of its happening again.But alas!When Father jumped out of bed and started into the hall to answer the telephone,he ran slam into the partly open do
27、or,and broke his nose for the fourth time,and today is Halloween!第26页，此课件共30页哦请随堂翻译下文。译完后，相互交换译文，作必要分析，最请随堂翻译下文。译完后，相互交换译文，作必要分析，最后提出问题请老师解答。后提出问题请老师解答。Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writing as a genius whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand
28、them.But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people.He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived.第27页，此课件共30页哦在一些作品中，资产阶级作家常在一些作品中，资产阶级作家常把把爱因斯坦
29、爱因斯坦 描绘成描绘成“天才天才”，说他的理论非常复杂，说他的理论非常复杂，除了除了极少数最杰出的科学家外，极少数最杰出的科学家外，无人能懂无人能懂。但是，爱因斯坦本人反对把他摆在他人之上。他。但是，爱因斯坦本人反对把他摆在他人之上。他以谦以谦卑著称卑著称。他经常对采访的记者强调，假如世上没有他，。他经常对采访的记者强调，假如世上没有他，其他人其他人也肯定会也肯定会取得取得他的这些他的这些成就成就。Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writing as a genius whose theories are so complicated that
30、 no one but a few best scientists can understand them.But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people.He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never live
31、d.第28页，此课件共30页哦1.you look like a dork.你看上去真傻你看上去真傻2.you went behind my back.你背着我干事儿你背着我干事儿3.turned my own mother against me 鼓动我妈反对我鼓动我妈反对我4.Ive long said 我早就说过我早就说过5.street smarts 街头智慧街头智慧,知悉世态的精明知悉世态的精明6.Youre the whole package 你简直就是全才你简直就是全才.第29页，此课件共30页哦1.Im already giving you the friends and family discount.我给你的已经是亲友价了。我给你的已经是亲友价了。2.will you shut up？你能闭嘴么？你能闭嘴么？3.my final offer 这是我的最终报价这是我的最终报价 4.good deal 真划算真划算 5.Id like to propose a toast.我来敬大家一杯吧我来敬大家一杯吧第30页，此课件共30页哦