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1、Designed by XZC 2011.04.11高考专题复习高考专题复习阅读理解阅读理解-主旨大意概括主旨大意概括常见阅读题型考查常见阅读题型考查:1 1细节理解题细节理解题2 2推理判断题推理判断题3 3猜测词义题猜测词义题4.4.篇章结构题篇章结构题5 5主旨大意题主旨大意题主旨大意题主旨大意题在高考阅读理解在高考阅读理解中出现的频率很高，因为这中出现的频率很高，因为这类题主要考查考生能否通过类题主要考查考生能否通过理解、分析全文，区分主要理解、分析全文，区分主要信息和次要信息，进而总结信息和次要信息，进而总结归纳文章或段落的大意。归纳文章或段落的大意。Question forms:7
2、.The subject of the passage is _.1.The main idea is _.4.The title is _.2.The passage mainly talks about _.8.The point of the passage is that _.3.Whats the topic of the first paragraph?6.The best headline for the passage would be _.5.Which title best gives the idea of the passage?9.Whats the main poi
3、nt the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?10.What is the main purpose of the passage?文章的主旨是通过段落来表达的，而段落文章的主旨是通过段落来表达的，而段落的大意主要由的大意主要由_来体现，来体现，所以段落的主题句是构成文章中心思想的所以段落的主题句是构成文章中心思想的有机组成部分。因此，有机组成部分。因此，识别各段落的主题识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想是解答该句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想是解答该类题的关键类题的关键。做这类题时常用做这类题时常用_ 法。法。主题句主题句(
4、topic sentencetopic sentence)略读略读How to get the main idea of a paragragh?1Zebras are very courageous animals and are not afraid of attackers.They have excellent hearing and eyesight.Zebras have long，thin legs and are capable of running，so they can make quick，efficient escapes from attackers.Zebras a
5、lso have a powerful kick which can cause serious injury to an attacker such as a lion，a big cat or wild dogs.topicsentence OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyone was astonished to see him.There was just oneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskater.Herolledonandon.Sudd
6、enlyheranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopieces.NobodyforgotMerlinsgrandentranceforalongtime!Q:Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeintheparagraph?A.Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.B.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool!C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.D.
7、Merlingothimselfintotrouble.2CtopicsentencetopicsentenceIn In Shanxi Shanxi Province Province you you may may be be offered offered brains brains to to eat.eat.Frightened?Frightened?You You shouldnshouldnt t be,be,because because these these brains brains are are only only a a kind kind of of food,f
8、ood,which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition.(which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition.(营养营养).).Brains Brains as as a a kind kind of of food food were were invented invented more more than than 300 300 years years ago ago by by Fu Fu Shan,Shan,an an artist artist whose
9、whose mother mother had had been been ill ill for for along along time.time.To To help help her her become become well well again,again,he he studied studied medicine medicine and and invented invented a a kind kind of of soup soup made made of of meat,meat,vegetables vegetables and and a a number n
10、umber of of Chinese Chinese medicines.medicines.Rich Rich wine wine was was also also used used in in the the soup soup to to help help illness illness caused caused by by old old age.age.FuFus s soup soup became became the the talk talk of of the the town.town.Many Many people people came came to t
11、o see see him.him.One One day day a a restaurant restaurant owner owner asked asked him him what what was was in in the the soup.soup.“I Ill ll tell tell you,you,”Fu Fu said,said,“but but if if your your restaurant restaurant is is going going to to sell sell to to soup,soup,you you must must call c
12、all it it brains brains because because of of its its shape shape and and color.And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother.color.And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother.”Q:Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis_.A.AGoodSonB.ASpecialSoupC.HowtoMakeBrainsD.HowtoLiveLongLifeB
13、topicsentence3 4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation
14、 lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at
15、 Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.Dsupporting ideasupportingi deasupporting ideaThepositionofthetopicsentence1.Atthebeginning2.Inthemiddle3.Attheend4.NotopicsentenceHow to get the main idea of a passage?快速阅读文章找出各个快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句段落的主题句,把各把各个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于全文结构全文结构安
16、排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。的中心。Passage B(NMET)Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力).With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confi
17、dence(自信心),according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City.The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children,with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs(READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea.“L
18、iteracy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group,often have lower self-respect,and regard reading as a headache,”said Lisa Myron,manager of the childrens department.Last November the two groups started“Dog Day Aftern
19、oon”in the childrens department of the main library.About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes,reading for half an hour.Those who attended three of the four classes received a“paw graphed”book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repea
20、t it in April,according to Dana Thumpowsky,public relations manager.Passage B(NMET)Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力).With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a begin
21、ning reader to gain confidence(自信心),according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City.The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children,with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs(READ).The Salt Lake City Public Libra
22、ry is sold on the idea.“Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group,often have lower self-respect,and regard reading as a headache,”said Lisa Myron,manager of the childrens department.Last November the two grou
23、ps started“Dog Day Afternoon”in the childrens department of the main library.About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes,reading for half an hour.Those who attended three of the four classes received a“pawgraphed”book at the last class.The program was so successful that th
24、e library plans to repeat it in April,according to Dana Thumpowsky,public relations manager.59.What is mainly discussed in the text?A.Childrens reading difficulties.B.Advantages of raising dogs.C.Service in a public library.D.A special reading program.短文首句短文首句“Reading to dogs is an unusual way to he
25、lp children improve their literacy skills”是文章的主题句。是文章的主题句。文中叙述了美国盐湖城的文中叙述了美国盐湖城的ITA组织认为，由于狗具有闪亮组织认为，由于狗具有闪亮的棕色眼睛、摇摆的尾巴及无条件的爱，它为儿童获取自的棕色眼睛、摇摆的尾巴及无条件的爱，它为儿童获取自信心提供了信心提供了“必要的听众必要的听众”。利用对狗阅读来帮助儿童提。利用对狗阅读来帮助儿童提高读写能力是一种独特的教育方法，故最佳选项为高读写能力是一种独特的教育方法，故最佳选项为D。做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章找出文章的主题句，也就
26、明确了文章要讲什么，再通过略的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过略读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。由于文由于文章内容和体裁的不同，作者的写作手法也不尽相章内容和体裁的不同，作者的写作手法也不尽相同，主题句在段落中出现的位置也不固定。同，主题句在段落中出现的位置也不固定。不少不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段第一段常常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生
27、学会归纳概括。明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。第一段第一段如果是新闻报道如果是新闻报道,主题句一定出现在主题句一定出现在 _；(NEW YORK)A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didnt think twice before diving into the freezing East River.Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year who left the spot quickly after the rescue
28、last Saturday.He lifted the little girl out of the water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Scaport museum.He handed the girl to her father,David Anderson,who had dive in after him.“I didnt think at all,”Duret told the Daily News.“It happened very fast.I reacted very fast.”Duret,an engi
29、neer on vacation,was walking with his girlfriend along the pier(码头码头)when he saw something falling into the water.He thought it was a doll,but realized it was a child when he approached the river.In an instant,he took off his coat and jumped into the water.When he reached the girl,she appeared lifel
30、ess,he said.Fortunately,when she was out of the water,she opened her eyes.Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera.An ambulance came later for her,said Duret,who was handed dry clothes from cookers.Duret caught a train with his girlfriend shortly after.The res
31、cue happened on the day before he left for France.Duret said he didnt realize his tale of heroism he was leaving the next morning.2010年高考英语（陕西卷）年高考英语（陕西卷）topicsentencetopicsentenceWhats the main idea of the passage?A.A girl was saved B.A good deed that a Frenchman didC.An incident that Duret saw D.A
32、 photo that Anderson tookB（2010辽宁辽宁)Too much TV-watching can harm childrens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree,new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California
33、 third-graders.Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.A second study,looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand,found lower education levels among 26-year olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood
34、.But the results dont prove that TV is the cause and dont ride out that already poorly motivated youngsters(年轻人）may watch lots of TV.Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages5 and 15.These with college degrees had watch an average of less than two hours of TV per week night dur
35、ing childhood,compared with an average of more than 2 1/2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school.In the California study,children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.While this
36、 study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores,it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldnt have TVs in their bedrooms67.What would be the best title for this text?A.Computers or Television B.Effects of Television on Children C.Studies on TV and College Education D.Tel
37、evision and Childrens Learning Habits 通读全文可知，文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿通读全文可知，文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的影响。文章第一段第一句话是童看电视所造成的影响。文章第一段第一句话是主题句，所以主题句，所以B项作为标题是最佳的。项作为标题是最佳的。ABOUTLIPITOR Lipitor is a prescription medicineAlong with diet and exercise，it lowers“bad，cholesterol(胆固醇)in your bloodIt can also raise“good cho
38、lesterol.Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors，including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smoking.WHOISLIPITORFOR?WhocantakeLIPITOR：People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exerciseAdults and chi
39、ldren over l0 WhoshouldNOTtakeLIPITOR：Women who are pregnant，may be pregnant，or may become pregnant.Lipitor may harm your unborn baby.women who are breast-feedingLipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.People with liver(肝脏)problems介绍药品介绍药品Lipitor的作用的作用介绍药品的适用人群及不适用人群介绍药品的适用人群及不
40、适用人群2010湖南）湖南）L1PITOR（2010湖南）湖南）A383字字5题题目目L1PITORPOSSIBLESIDEEFFECTSOFLIPITOR Serious side effects in a small number of people：Muscle(肌肉)problems that can lead to kidney(肾脏)problems，including kidney failureLiverproblemsYour doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you startLipitor and w
41、hile you are taking itCallyourdoctorrightawayifyouhave：Unexplained muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very firedSwelling of the face，lips，tongue，andor throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing Stomach painSomecommonsideeffectsofLIPITORare：Muscle pain Ups
42、et stomach Changes in some blood tests介绍药的副作用介绍药的副作用 HOWTOTAKELIPITOR DO：Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor.Take Lipitor at any time of day,with or without food.If you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you remember.But if it has been more
43、 than12 hours since your missed dose，waitTake the next dose at your regular time.Dont：Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.介绍服药的注意事项介绍服药的注意事项解析：文章先总体介绍药品解析：文章先总体介绍药品Lipitor的作用，的作用，接着介绍药品的适用人群及不适用人群，接着介绍药品的适用人群及不适用人群，然后
44、介绍药品的副作用，最后介绍服药的然后介绍药品的副作用，最后介绍服药的注意事项。注意事项。What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To teach patients ways for quick recovery.B.To present a report on a scientific research.C.To show the importance of a good lifestyle.D.To give information about a kind of medicine.与主题无与主题无太大的关太大的关联联（2010湖南高考）湖南高考）
45、L1PITOR ABOUT LIPITOR Lipitor is a prescription medicineAlong with diet and exercise，it lowers“bad，cholesterol(胆固醇)in your bloodIt can also raise“good cholesterol.Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors，including family history of early heart disease，h
46、igh blood pressure，age and smoking.WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?Who can take LIPITOR：People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise Adults and children over l0 Who should NOT take LIPITOR：Women who are pregnant，may be pregnant，or may become pregnant.Lipitor may harm your unborn baby.w
47、omen who are breast-feedingLipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.People with liver(肝脏)problems POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR Serious side effects in a small number of people：Muscle(肌肉)problems that can lead to kidney(肾脏)problems，including kidney failureLiver problemsYour d
48、octor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking itCall your doctor right away if you have：Unexplained muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very firedSwelling of the face，lips，tongue，andor throat that may cause difficulty in bre
49、athing or swallowing Stomach pain Some common side effects of LIPITOR are：Muscle pain Upset stomach Changes in some blood tests HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR DO：Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor.Take Lipitor at any time of day,with or without food.
50、If you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you remember.But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，waitTake the next dose at your regular time.Dont：Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.What is the main