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1、Unit One:Thinking as a HobbyThinkingThinkingHobbyHobbyWilliam William Golding Golding(1911-1993),a remarkable(1911-1993),a remarkable British novelist,is never likely to be British novelist,is never likely to be remembered for his social portraiture,which remembered for his social portraiture,which
2、is not the essence of his work.He was a is not the essence of his work.He was a writer trained in a grand metaphysical writer trained in a grand metaphysical Christianity who could address questions of Christianity who could address questions of good and evil in a corrupted and Godless good and evil
3、 in a corrupted and Godless age.age.Lord of the Flies(1954)The novel was one of the great novels of the The novel was one of the great novels of the Fifties,yet in no obvious sense was it a Fifties,yet in no obvious sense was it a Fifties novel;one reviewer would find in Fifties novel;one reviewer w
4、ould find in Golding Golding a sullen distaste for the a sullen distaste for the contemporary.The novel was an ironic contemporary.The novel was an ironic rewriting of the Victorian boys book rewriting of the Victorian boys book tradition.The original story was R.M.tradition.The original story was R
5、.M.Ballantynes Ballantynes The Coral IslandThe Coral Island(1858),the (1858),the story of a highly resourceful group of British story of a highly resourceful group of British boys,led by Ralph Rover,who are boys,led by Ralph Rover,who are shipwrecked on an isolated Pacific island,shipwrecked on an i
6、solated Pacific island,whose lives are threatened by savages but whose lives are threatened by savages but are rescued by a missionary.are rescued by a missionary.BackgroundA good liberal arts education must A good liberal arts education must include good training in logical and include good trainin
7、g in logical and critical thinking.critical thinking.You should play with ideas the way you You should play with ideas the way you play with balls.play with balls.Three grades:Three grades:Grade-three thinking:was no thinking at all,Grade-three thinking:was no thinking at all,but a combination of ig
8、norance,prejudice and but a combination of ignorance,prejudice and hypocrisy.Most people belong to this hypocrisy.Most people belong to this category(according to the author).category(according to the author).Grade-two thinking:People can detect the Grade-two thinking:People can detect the contradic
9、tions of grade-three thinkers beliefs.contradictions of grade-three thinkers beliefs.They can see their ignorance,prejudice,They can see their ignorance,prejudice,hypocrisy and lack of logic,which gives them hypocrisy and lack of logic,which gives them great delight and satisfies their ego.great del
10、ight and satisfies their ego.Grade-two thinking had nothing Grade-two thinking had nothing constructive to offer.It destroys without constructive to offer.It destroys without the power to create.Therefore the the power to create.Therefore the satisfaction it brings the thinker is satisfaction it bri
11、ngs the thinker is limited and does not last.limited and does not last.Grade-one thinking:People who set out Grade-one thinking:People who set out to find the truth and get it.to find the truth and get it.TEXT ORGANIZATIONP1-p15 Prelude/IntroductionP1-p15 Prelude/IntroductionP16-p24 Grade Three Thin
12、kingP16-p24 Grade Three ThinkingP25-p29 Grade Two ThinkingP25-p29 Grade Two ThinkingP30-p35 Grade One ThinkingP30-p35 Grade One Thinkingnothing but(p2):nothing except;onlyHis parents His parents care nothing care nothing but his scores but his scores at school.at school.One was a lady One was a lady
13、 wearing wearing nothing but a nothing but a bath towel.bath towel.VenusVenusIn Roman mythology,Venus was the goddess In Roman mythology,Venus was the goddess of love and beauty.of love and beauty.【罗马罗马神神话话】维纳维纳斯斯：爱爱情情和形体美的女神和形体美的女神 In other cultures,she has a In other cultures,she has a more sinist
14、er role particularly in Mayan more sinister role particularly in Mayan mythology.mythology.金星金星 According to International Astronomical According to International Astronomical Union in 2006 in PUnion in 2006 in Praguerague,CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia,how,how many planets are in the solar system?man
15、y planets are in the solar system?The eight planets now recognized by The eight planets now recognized by the IAU are:the IAU are:MercuryMercury,VenusVenus,EarthEarth,MarsMars,JupiterJupiter,SaturnSaturn,UranusUranus,and,and NeptuneNeptune.Pluto was re-classified as a Pluto was re-classified as a dw
16、arf planetdwarf planet lest(p2):for fear that;in order to make sure that sth.will not happenHe hide behind the curtain He hide behind the curtain lest the professor(should)lest the professor(should)see him.see him.She turned pale when her She turned pale when her son came out of the study son came o
17、ut of the study lest he(should)have heard lest he(should)have heard what she had said.what she had said.farther v.further1 Walk 1 Walk fartherfarther to see if you to see if you can find any flowers under the can find any flowers under the snow.snow.2 After graduating from Fu Dan 2 After graduating
18、from Fu Dan University with the bachelor University with the bachelor degree,he went abroad to seek degree,he went abroad to seek furtherfurther study.study.be in a position to do sth.:to be able to do sth.because you have the ability,power or moneyI am not in the position to I am not in the positio
19、n to advise you on this matter advise you on this matter because I do not know all because I do not know all the facts about it.the facts about it.A naked man,A naked man,muscular muscular gentleman,who sat,gentleman,who sat,looking down,with looking down,with his chin on his fist his chin on his fi
20、st and his elbow on his and his elbow on his knee.knee.RodinsRodins thinker thinkerAuguste RodinAuguste Rodin:a:a French sculptor.French sculptor.His most famous His most famous works:works:The KissThe KissThe thinkerThe thinkerA naked man,A learned professor,the A naked man,A learned professor,the
21、wretched lifewretched lifeOur beloved country,his beloved Our beloved country,his beloved girlfriend,beloved by all.girlfriend,beloved by all.My aged parents,a man aged 33.My aged parents,a man aged 33.delinquent adj.&n.(p3):(person,especially the young)doing wrong;failing to perform a dutyjuvenile
22、delinquentjuvenile delinquentdelinquent childrendelinquent childrenthe problem of juvenile the problem of juvenile delinquencydelinquencyif anything(P4):on the contraryYour suggestion did not Your suggestion did not encourage him.It,if encourage him.It,if anything,discouraged him.anything,discourage
23、d him.He is not known for his He is not known for his generosity.He is,if generosity.He is,if anything,quite miserly.anything,quite miserly.confront sb.with sth.(vt.)(p24):to oppose sb.or bring sb.to sth.I I confronted him with my suspicionsconfronted him with my suspicions,and he admitted everythin
24、g.(and he admitted everything.(对质对质)The customers The customers are confronted withare confronted with a a bewildering amount of choice.bewildering amount of choice.We must We must confrontconfront the future the future withwith optimism.optimism.（勇敢面勇敢面对对）get sth.to thought(p24)I no longer dismiss
25、lightly a mental process I no longer dismiss lightly a mental process which for nine tenths of the population is the which for nine tenths of the population is the nearest they will ever get to thought.nearest they will ever get to thought.Meaning:I no longer consider the way grade-Meaning:I no long
26、er consider the way grade-three thinkers unimportant because they three thinkers unimportant because they account for nine-tenths of the people and account for nine-tenths of the people and therefore have great power.Now I know that therefore have great power.Now I know that ignorance,prejudice and
27、hypocrisy are very ignorance,prejudice and hypocrisy are very powerful enemies.powerful enemies.stampede v.&n.(Pa.25)The stampede of deer shows that danger The stampede of deer shows that danger is near.is near.At the roar of the tiger,the gang of At the roar of the tiger,the gang of hunters stamped
28、ed.hunters stampeded.sbsb into into sthsth/doing /doing sthsth hustle or hustle or frighten frighten sbsb into rash action into rash actionDont be d into accepting his bargain.Dont be d into accepting his bargain.confer v.(p25)1 1 give or grantgive or grantThe president of this university will The p
29、resident of this university will conferconfer bachelor degree bachelor degree onon you after you complete you after you complete your four-year study here.your four-year study here.2 2 consult or discussconsult or discussHe He conferredconferred withwith his lawyer his lawyer on/abouton/about the in
30、vestment project.the investment project.Convert v.&n.He had to He had to convertconvert his securities his securities intointo cash so cash so that he could pay off the debt for his son.that he could pay off the debt for his son.They have tried to They have tried to convertconvert him him fromfrom a
31、theism atheism toto Methodist.(Methodist.(他他们试图让们试图让他从无神他从无神论论改信改信卫卫理公会教。）理公会教。）people converted,esp.to a different beliefpeople converted,esp.to a different beliefHis His convertconvert(n.)to socialism is not easy.(n.)to socialism is not easy.She claimed that the Bible was literally inspired(Pa.26)
32、A true historical record;a factual account A true historical record;a factual account of Gods divine plan and prophecies.of Gods divine plan and prophecies.This is the belief of fundamentalists.This is the belief of fundamentalists.Flag(vi.)(p26):begin to lose enthusiasm and energy;to decline in int
33、erestArgument flagged:argument became Argument flagged:argument became dull because Ruth did not know how to dull because Ruth did not know how to respond.respond.His horse is flagging.His horse is flagging.疲乏疲乏The countrys economy continued to The countrys economy continued to flag.flag.衰退衰退 if we
34、were counting heads,the Buddhists were the boys for my money.the boys:people with the same interest;for my money:I bet,I believe,in my opinionif we were talking about the number of the people,I will bet on the Buddhists(because I believe they are greater in number)Be given the third degree(p28)Be se
35、verely questioned or interrogatedBe severely questioned or interrogatedMake for sb./sth.(p.29)1 1 contribute to;tend towards contribute to;tend towards 有助于，有助于，倾倾向于向于Frequent exposure to idiomatic English,such as Frequent exposure to idiomatic English,such as VOA makes for your study at university.V
36、OA makes for your study at university.2 head for 2 head for 走向，向某个方向移走向，向某个方向移动动It is late.Wed better make for home.It is late.Wed better make for home.3 charge at,rush towards 3 charge at,rush towards 袭击袭击，攻，攻击击，冲向，冲向The bull suddenly made for the girl in red and The bull suddenly made for the girl
37、 in red and everybody was shocked.everybody was shocked.Few and far between(p30)相隔很久才相隔很久才发发生的生的;彼此相距很彼此相距很远远；稀少；稀少Good novels are few and far between.Good novels are few and far between.Idiomatic pairs of adj.Black and blueBlack and blue遍体遍体鳞伤鳞伤Fair and squareFair and square公正，正大光明公正，正大光明Hale and h
38、eartyHale and hearty精神充沛精神充沛,老当益壮老当益壮Aspire(p.30)vi.+for/to/after be filled with high ambitionDo you Do you aspire afteraspire after knowledge?knowledge?The more power they have,the more The more power they have,the more they they aspire toaspire to it.it.English majors in non-English speaking Engli
39、sh majors in non-English speaking countries countries aspire toaspire to abandon their abandon their native accents and speak pure English.native accents and speak pure English.What do you What do you aspire foraspire for at present?at present?go too far/carry sth.too far:(p.33)go beyond the limits
40、of what is considered reasonableYou have You have gone too fargone too far in saying that youd in saying that youd rather break with the family.rather break with the family.Go farGo far:1(of person)be successful;do much:1(of person)be successful;do muchHe is clever and intelligent,and will go far.He
41、 is clever and intelligent,and will go far.2(of money)buy goods,services,etc.2(of money)buy goods,services,etc.A hundred does not go so far as it did ten years A hundred does not go so far as it did ten years ago.ago.（现现在一百元不如十年前那在一百元不如十年前那么顶么顶用了。）用了。）Parallelism:the method to express ideas of equal
42、 importance in the same or similar grammatical form.Parallelism can be classified into five types,Parallelism can be classified into five types,namely namely list and serieslist and series,contrastcontrast,series series plus contrastplus contrast,choicechoice,and,and comparisoncomparison.He would He
43、 would stand stand before us,before us,putput his hands on his hands on his waist and his waist and taketake a tremendous a tremendous breath.(series)p.19breath.(series)p.19Through him I discovered that thought is Through him I discovered that thought is often full of unconscious often full of uncon
44、scious prejudiceprejudice,ignoranceignorance and and hypocrisyhypocrisy.(list)p.23.(list)p.23.To hearTo hear people justify their habit of hunting people justify their habit of hunting foxes by claiming that the foxes liked it.foxes by claiming that the foxes liked it.To To hearhear our Prime Minist
45、er talk about the great our Prime Minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on India by jailing benefit we conferred on India by jailing people like Gandhi.people like Gandhi.To hearTo hear American American politicians talk about peace and refuse to join politicians talk about peace and re
46、fuse to join the League of Nations.(list)p.25the League of Nations.(list)p.25Oral topic 1Marriage between Marriage between college students college students should or should not should or should not be forbidden?be forbidden?Oral topic 2Do you think Do you think Internet isolates Internet isolates p
47、eople or shortens people or shortens the distance the distance between people?between people?Justify your answer.Justify your answer.Oral topic 3Some students prefer to study alone.Some students prefer to study alone.Others prefer to study with a group of Others prefer to study with a group of stude
48、nts.Which do you prefer?Why?students.Which do you prefer?Why?Tongue-twisterTEM 4NOTE-WRITINGNOTE-WRITINGWrite on answer sheet two a note of about Write on answer sheet two a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:50-60 words based on the following situation:You have got to know t
49、hat your classmate,You have got to know that your classmate,Michael,is organizing a weekend excursion Michael,is organizing a weekend excursion for the class,and you are thinking of joining for the class,and you are thinking of joining the trip.Write him a note expressing your the trip.Write him a n
50、ote expressing your interest in the excursion and asking for interest in the excursion and asking for information on two details related to the information on two details related to the excursion.excursion.Marks will be awarded for content,Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar and a