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1、 antecedentantecedent先行词先行词先行词先行词 I.RestrictiveclauseI.Restrictiveclause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句1.1.关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词 relativepronounrelativepronounwhowhomwhosethatwhichaswhowhomwhosethatwhichasthatwhothethatwhothesthsth.ofwhichthesame.as.ofwhichthesame.asthatofwhichthethatofwhichthesthsth.such.a
2、s.such.as2.2.关系副词关系副词关系副词关系副词 relativeadverbrelativeadverbwhen,where,whytheway(_/that/inwhich)when,where,whytheway(_/that/inwhich)Ididntliketheway(_/that/inwhich)hespoke.Ididntliketheway(_/that/inwhich)hespoke.when,where,why&thatwhen,where,why&that that&whichthat&which.thefirst(second,last)timethat.
3、thefirst(second,last)timethat.1.all,much,little,everything,anything,nothing,1.all,much,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,theonenone,few,theone2.all,any,no,only,very,some2.all,any,no,only,very,some3.thebest,themostbeautiful4thefirst,thelast3.thebest,themostbeautiful4thefirst,thelast5.5.who&
4、thatwho&thatanyonewhothosewhohewhoanyonewhothosewhohewhoWhoisthegirlWhoisthegirlthatthatisspeaking?isspeaking?6.Maryisnolonger(that)shewas.(6.Maryisnolonger(that)shewas.(作表语）作表语）作表语）作表语）II.non-restrictiveclauseII.non-restrictiveclause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句who,whom,whose,which,aswho,whom,wh
5、ose,which,aswhen,wherewhen,where which&aswhich&asAsAsisoftenthecase,Marywaslateforschool.isoftenthecase,Marywaslateforschool.Hewaslateforschool,Hewaslateforschool,whichwhichmadehisteachermadehisteacherangry.angry.Hismother,Hismother,whowholovedhimverymuch,diedin1818.lovedhimverymuch,diedin1818.Mybro
6、ther,Mybrother,whowhoisadoctor,is20.isadoctor,is20.MybrotherMybrotherwhowhoisadoctoris20.isadoctoris20.Isawahouse,infrontofwhichsataboy.Isawahouse,infrontofwhichsataboy.高考复习高考复习 -书面表达评析及指导书面表达评析及指导 Chinglishhorsehorsetigertigeropenwaterwatchsisterupstreetbuythingsgiveyousomecolourseeseeheartfloweran
7、gryopenIcallLioldbig.toyear25.AmericanChinesenotenoughYouseenoseepeoplemountainpeopleseaYouaskme,measkwho?Howareyou?Howoldareyou?Younosee,Inowverybusy.Onesideplaygo!Wetwowhoandwho？Yougivemestop!Ithismorningeatbreakfast.Haveyoueatmeal?Imalargerschoolstudent.Imverylikeplaybasketball.Weshouldhardstudy.
8、ButIbetterlikelistenmusic.Livetoold,studytoold.Ihadbreakfastthismorning.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!Imacollegestudent.Wemustwork/studyhard.Itsnevertoooldtolearn.ButIlikelisteningtomusicbetter.Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.应用文：书信、通知、便条应用文：书信、通知、便条记叙文：看图作文、日记记叙文：看图作文、日记说明文：人物介绍、活动说明文：人物介绍、活动议论文：议论文
9、：高考书面表达题型高考书面表达题型高考书面表达评分原则以及给分范围高考书面表达评分原则以及给分范围第五档（很好）：完全完成试题规定的任务第五档（很好）：完全完成试题规定的任务 （21-25分）分）第四档（好）：完全完成试题规定的任务，第四档（好）：完全完成试题规定的任务，漏掉漏掉1、2个次重点。个次重点。（16-20分）分）第三档（适当）：基本完成试题规定的任务。第三档（适当）：基本完成试题规定的任务。（11-15分）分）第二档（较差）：末完成试题第二档（较差）：末完成试题规定的任务。规定的任务。（6-10分）分）第一档（差）：末完成试题第一档（差）：末完成试题规定的任务。规定的任务。只能写出
10、只能写出 与所给要求内容有关的一些单词。与所给要求内容有关的一些单词。（1-5分）分）未能传达读者任何信息未能传达读者任何信息：0分分。半期考作文半期考作文 假定你是李华假定你是李华,你的英国朋友你的英国朋友PeterPeter来信询问你的来信询问你的英语学习情况并希望你简单介绍自己家乡，请你根据英语学习情况并希望你简单介绍自己家乡，请你根据下列要点写回信。下列要点写回信。要点要点:1.1.我学英语已经六年了，在老师和同学们的帮助下我学英语已经六年了，在老师和同学们的帮助下取得了一些进步；取得了一些进步；2.2.但是总觉得英语难学，尤其是英语中的一些习惯但是总觉得英语难学，尤其是英语中的一些习
11、惯用法用法；3.3.今后一定要努力学习这门有用的外语，争取能用今后一定要努力学习这门有用的外语，争取能用流利的英语和你写信；流利的英语和你写信；4.4.我的家乡发生很大的变化，盖起了许多高楼，拓我的家乡发生很大的变化，盖起了许多高楼，拓宽了道路，变得越来越漂亮和现代化；宽了道路，变得越来越漂亮和现代化；5.5.如果有时间可以到中国来，我会带领你参观我的如果有时间可以到中国来，我会带领你参观我的家乡。家乡。注意：注意：1.1.词数词数100100左右；左右；2.2.可适当增加细节可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；以使行文连贯；3.3.开头语已为你写好。开头语已为你写好。June 8,2008 Dea
12、r Peter,Im very glad to receive your letter.I will tell you something about my English study and hometown.read and writefind it hard fluent English to write Great changes roads had taken place in my hometownbuildingswidenedIt will be wonderful when you come to China if you are freeshow you aroundI w
13、ill be glad to语言不地道语言不地道;中文式思维中文式思维;语言错误较多，得分语言错误较多，得分1313分分learnof the teachers and myprogressread and writeit hard to learnhard work.write letters in fluent Englishfoundhad becomeWelcome to China if you have timeshow you around 语言素质语言素质 较好较好;基本功不差基本功不差;语句仍有毛病；得语句仍有毛病；得15分分.影响书面表达得分的因素：影响书面表达得分的因素：
14、“大错误大错误”包括时态错误、句子结构错误、中包括时态错误、句子结构错误、中式英语等，如：式英语等，如：1.My hometown had big change,build many houses,2.My hometown has great changes.语言表达出现语言表达出现“大错误大错误”及及“小错误小错误”Great changes had taken place in my hometown there.For example,many new houses had been built and roads had been widened.3.If you get to Ch
15、ina that have time,me with you look my hometown.4.I will welcome to you.“小错误小错误”主要是反应在个别单词拼写错误、主要是反应在个别单词拼写错误、冠词介词使用不准确等方面冠词介词使用不准确等方面,如：如：Under my teacher and classmates all help to me,.I hope youl l get a chance to come to China and Ill show you around my hometown if you are free.Welcome to China.
16、With the help of my teachers and classmates,没有使用高级词汇和复杂句没有使用高级词汇和复杂句1.I will visit my hometown with you.2.If you have time,I will take you to travel around my hometown.I will show you around my hometown if you are free.书写是否工整清晰也会影书写是否工整清晰也会影响答卷得分。卷面不整洁，响答卷得分。卷面不整洁，涂改多；涂改多；大小写大小写;标点符号标点符号;书写不清，得分会很低！
17、书写不清，得分会很低！Bad sample卷卷面面不不整整洁洁;涂涂改改较较多多;语语言言错错误误多多;层层次次不不清清;得得1 11 1分分 审题不认真，要点有所遗漏审题不认真，要点有所遗漏1.1.彻底理解题意，看准答题要求彻底理解题意，看准答题要求（包括字数要求）。（包括字数要求）。2.2.把内容要点在稿纸上列成提纲。把内容要点在稿纸上列成提纲。3.3.连词成句，连句成文。连词成句，连句成文。4.4.成文后认真检查，确信无一遗漏。成文后认真检查，确信无一遗漏。注意：注意：字数不够或字数不够或未能传达读者任何信息，不得分。未能传达读者任何信息，不得分。完全完成了试题规定的任务，覆盖完全完成了
18、试题规定的任务，覆盖所有内容要点。所有内容要点。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构和词汇方面有些错误，但语法结构和词汇方面有些错误，但 为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。使全文结构紧凑。书面表达评分最高标准书面表达评分最高标准（第五档（第五档 21-2521-25分）分）Onepossibleversions:June8,2008DearPeter,Imverygladtoreceiveyourlet
19、ter.IwilltellyousomethingaboutmyEnglishstudyandhometown.ItissixyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.Withthehelpofmyteachersandclassmates,IhavemadesomeprogressinEnglish.HoweverIstillfindEnglishhardtolearn,suchassomedifficultidiomswhichmademeconfused.Nomatterhowharditis,Ihavemadeupmymindtomasterthisusefulla
20、nguagebymyhardwork.NotlongagoIreturnedtomyhometownandfoundgreatchangeshadtakenplacethere.Manynewhouseshadbeenbuiltandroadshadbeenwidened.Myhometownisgettingmodernandmoreandmorebeautiful.IhopeifyouhaveachancetocometoChinaandIllshowyouaroundmyhometownwhenyouareonleave.Bestwishes,LiHuaSix steps for wri
21、ting(写作六步骤）写作六步骤）1.Cross-question(审题审题)Main idea Style Verb tense Person2.Seize the major points/key words(抓要点抓要点)3.Arrangement(布局布局)！4.Sentences connection(连句连句)Words/phrases Sentences6.Error correcting (查错改错查错改错)5.Express your opinion(发表观点）发表观点）Conjunctions/conjunctive adverbssentencespassage技技巧巧1
22、.使用较高级的词汇使用较高级的词汇3.使用恰当的连接词使用恰当的连接词词汇反映你知识贮存量的词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。的一个重要标志。运用得当的句子结构可以运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉整篇文章因此而生辉 。使用恰当连接词，对写一使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有篇有“英语味英语味”的文章很的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。自然、紧凑。增强书面表达效果的技巧增强书面表达效果的技巧2.使用较丰富的句式使用较丰富的句式1.Becausetheweatherwasgoo
23、d,ourjourneywascomfortable.2.Weallthinkheisagreatman.3.SuddenlyIthoughtoutagoodidea.Thanks to the good weather,ourjourneywascomfortable.I.怎样使用较高级的词汇怎样使用较高级的词汇Weallthink highly of him.A good idea occurred to me./A good idea suddenly struck me.4.Thestudentsthereneedntpayfortheirbooks.5.ShewenttoAustra
24、liainordertostudymusic.6.Whenhespoke,hefeltmoreandmoreexcited.ShewenttoAustralia for the purpose of studying music.The more he spoke,the more excited he felt.Books are free for the students there.II.II.丰富的句式：丰富的句式：(常用到的句型结构）常用到的句型结构）利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。加文章的文采。1.1.感叹句感叹句 Howhap
25、pyIwaswhenIreceivedyourletter!2.2.强调句强调句 Itwasthisyoungboywhohelpedtheoldgranny.3.3.倒装句倒装句 Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.4.4.省略句省略句 Theyreadwhilewalkingorridingonabus.5、with短语I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand.6、定语从句定语从句 Lets come to the main teaching bu
26、ilding,at the back of which stands the school library.7、各种名词性从句各种名词性从句 Thats what I should do.8、各种状语从句各种状语从句 Time passed quickly before we knew it.III.常用的常用的连接词连接词1.表示递进表示递进;在同一话题上补充内容在同一话题上补充内容另外，还有另外，还有：whatsmore;besides;also;moreover;inaddition2.表示转折关系表示转折关系但是，但是，然而，然而，相反相反：but;however;yet;instea
27、d;ontheotherhand;onthecontrary.3.表示因果关系表示因果关系因为，因此，所以因为，因此，所以:since;as;because(of);so;thus;therefore;asaresult;4.表示条件关系表示条件关系如果，只要如果，只要:if;oncondition(that);aslongas除非除非:unless否则否则:orelse5.表示时间关系表示时间关系当当的时候的时候:when;while在在之后之后:after在在之前之前:before直到直到:until直到直到才才:notuntil一一就就:assoonas后来，后来，然后然后:later;
28、afterwards不久不久:soon近来近来:lately;recently自从自从:since从那时起从那时起:fromthenon6.表示特定的顺序关系表示特定的顺序关系首先首先:firstly最主要的最主要的:aboveall其次其次:secondly然后然后:then;next最后最后:finally;intheend7.换一种方法表述换一种方法表述换句话说换句话说:inotherwords;thatistosay;8.进行举例说明进行举例说明例如，比如例如，比如:forinstance;forexample;like;suchasthatistosay,namely,actuall
29、y,andsoon,believeitornot,totellyouthetruth,forthisreason9.用于陈述事实用于陈述事实实际上实际上:infact;actually;asamatteroffact跟你说实话跟你说实话:totellyouthetruth10.对一个话题进行总结对一个话题进行总结总而言之，总的来说总而言之，总的来说:onthewhole;inshort;allinall;ingeneral;inaword,finally,inconclusion,generallyspeaking,asyouknow,intheend,11.其它常用到的副词其它常用到的副词t
30、herefore;otherwise;finally;furthermore;Thus;namely;although;afterwards;personally;12.表示结果：表示结果：thus,therefore,so,asaresult,seeingthat,luckily,unfortunately13.表示强调：表示强调：aboveall,indeed,surely,certainly,ofcourse,afterall,withoutanydelay,atleast,atmost,mostimportant,undoubtedlyPractice请在下列句子中（间）填上恰当的关联
31、词请在下列句子中（间）填上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语。或意思有联系的短语。1.XiaoMingwaswalkinginthestreet_heheardsomeonecryforhelp.2.Itwasnotlong_thepolicecame.3._heheardthecryforhelp,hejumpedintothewatertosavethegirl.whenbeforeAssoonas4.Wecangodowntownanddosomeshopping._,wecanpayavisittosomeplacesofinterest.5.Isharedthecostofthegasw
32、ithmyfriends._,Isaved$80.6.Eatingsugarisbadforourteeth._,itmaymakeusfat.InadditionAsaresultWhatsworseThank you for your listeningPre-writing-Fill in the blanks with the proper words or phrases according to the meaning of the passage:WorldEnglishescomefromthosecountrieswhereEnglish_,eitherbecauseoffo
33、reignrule_becauseofitsspecialroleasani_language.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglish_theirfirst,secondorforeignlanguaget_.plays an important roleorinternationalasthan ever before Chinamayhavethel_numberofEnglishspeakers.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachother_theydontspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Englishhas
34、changed_time.Nowadaysthenumberofpeople_(学习学习)EnglishinChina_increasing_(迅速地迅速地).largesteven ifoverlearningisrapidly 假定你是李华假定你是李华,你的一位内地朋友张你的一位内地朋友张贵来信向你咨询如何才能学好英语，请你贵来信向你咨询如何才能学好英语，请你根据下列要点写回信根据下列要点写回信.要点要点:1.1.学英语的意义；学英语的意义；2.2.参加英语口语学习班参加英语口语学习班;3.3.看英文书刊、电视；看英文书刊、电视；4.4.学唱英文歌曲；学唱英文歌曲；5.5.与与以英语为母语
35、的以英语为母语的人人交朋友。交朋友。WritingWriting注意：注意：1.1.词数词数100-100-120120左右；左右；2.2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.3.开头语已为你写好。开头语已为你写好。November26,2008DearZhang,ImgladtoreceiveyourletteraskingformyadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell._ Bestwishes,LiHuaWhyshouldwelearnEnglish?touseforbusinesstouseinschooltowritetopenfrie
36、ndstotalktonativespeakerstoreadEnglishbookstolistentoEnglishmusicandwatchmoviestotakeaspokenEnglishcourse;readmoreEnglishnewspapersandmagazines;watchmoreEnglishTVprogrammes;tolearnandsingEnglishsongs;makemoreEnglishfriends/makefriendswiththepeoplewhospeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguage/mothertongueBrainstorming 在行文的整体性上，要合理使用到在行文的整体性上，要合理使用到一些连接词或短语结构，比如：一些连接词或短语结构，比如：youdbetter;Ithink;Isuggestthat.;first/atfirst/firstofall;secondly;then;asamatteroffact;generallyspeaking;Iwish/Ihopeetc.