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1、BackCourse:Stylistics and TranslationLecturer:Liu Qian 刘刘 倩倩E-mail:zzu_lqtracy126BackCONTENTS of this coursepracticeStylistics and TranslationVarious styles and their translationBackStylistics and TranslationAcquire some knowledge of stylistics and translation as well as the relationship between sty
2、le and translation;Master features and characteristics of various styles;Improve the capability in translating various styles.OBJECTIVESBackCourse IntroductionCourse title:Stylistics and translationCourse hours:2 per week,36 in total Assessment:1.Attendance;After-class preparation for related topics
3、 and practice;In-class performance and involvement 2.Final examBackPreparation(1)Notebook,exercise sheet,black pen and red pen(2)homework(punctual,clean and tidy,writing in the right place);About the coursev1.What is translation?What is stylistics?v 2.stylistics and translation ExitTodays tasks:v 3.
4、theoretical frameworkBack翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。（张培容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。（张培基）基）v Definition of Translation把已说出或写出的话的意思用另一种语言表达出来把已说出或写出的话的意思用另一种语言表达出来的活动。（季羡林、许国璋）的活动。（季羡林、许国璋）翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另外一种语翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另外一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。（王克非）言文字表达出来的文化活动。（王克非）Backv
5、Definition of TranslationTranslation consists in producing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message,first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.(Eugine.A.Nida)Translation is the expression in one language(or target language)of what have been
6、 expressed in another(source language)preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence.(Dubois.J.et al)BackA.F.Tytlers three laws of translation:1)The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.2)The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with t
7、hat of the original.3)The translation should have all the ease of the original.Translation principlesBack 严复：信达雅严复：信达雅 faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance.傅雷：神似傅雷：神似 spiritual conformity,Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original.强调原作神韵再现。Translation principlesBackWhat
8、 Is Stylistics?Language is a medium of communicating information and conveying feelings.Considering different communicative environments and purposes,communicators choose different language varieties(语言“变体”）or corresponding methods which have different language functions so as to achieve their purpo
9、ses.These varieties are the“styles”.(文体)Style may be seen as the various characteristic uses of language that a person or group of persons make in various social contexts.文体又可理解为风格，既可指一个作家运用语言的特色，又可指某个时代盛行的文风；既可指某种语篇体裁的语言特征，又可指某篇作品的语言格调和表现风格。狭义的文体指文学文体；广义的文体则指包括文学文体在内的各种语言变体。Back英语中已经形成的各种变体，例如因交际媒介
10、不同而形成的口语语体和书面语体；因交际者双方关系不同而形成的正式语体和非正式语体等;因语言的使用领域不同而形成的各种功能变体（新闻语体、广告语体、法律语体、旅游语体、科技语体等）。BackWhat Is Stylistics?For instance,we may classify the writings into“EST(English for Science and Technology),English for Advertising,English for Press,English for Tourism,etc.As for“文体”,Liu Xie,a famous litera
11、ry critic in ancient China,once mentioned that“若总其归涂,则数穷八体:一曰典雅,二曰远奥,三曰精约,四曰显附,五曰繁缛,六曰壮丽,七曰新奇,八曰清靡。”BackWhat Is Stylistics?In the middle 1970s,many scholars made the application of modern linguistics and literary studies to the exploring study of various styles or various types of writings,which bro
12、ught us a new discipline-Stylistics.(文体学）Simply defined,STYLISTICS is a discipline that studies the ways in which language is used;it is a discipline that studies the styles of language.Backstylistics covers such fields:1)analyzing various habits of language use to ensure the typical characteristics
13、 of a certain style;2)explaining the reason that a certain style has its own characteristics;3)classifying these character according to their language functions.Backstylistics covers such fields:As a matter of fact,different writings have different linguistic characteristics in the aspects of vocabu
14、lary,syntax,rhetoric,structure etc.BackStylistics and Translation According to linguists Buler and Jackbson,there are three functions of language:expressive function(表情功能）,informative function（信息功能）,and vocative function（呼唤功能）.BackAny original work has the three functions,but different writings are
15、characterized by different functions.Newmark says,“The main functions of language are expressive(the subjective or“I”form),the descriptive or informative(the it from),and the vocative or directive or persuasive(the you form).Backliterary work:focuses on the expressive function non-literary works:mai
16、nly center on informative function.For example:谁跑到最后,谁笑得最好。（轮胎广告）2.In Miami,its no newelty.(a tour ads)游了迈阿密，才知天下奇。1.He laughs best who runs longest.BackStylistics and Translation眼前不远,渔舟三五,凝滞不前,樯影映在水上,仿佛睡去,偶尔微见颤动,似又未尝熟睡,恍若惊梦。3.Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us.Their shadows slept,
17、or almost slept,upon the water,a gentle quivering alone showing that was not complete sleep or if sleep,that was sleep with dream.BackStylistics and Translation4.Portia:And you must cut this flesh from off his breast.The law allows it,and the court awards it.Shylock:Most learned judge!A sentence!Com
18、e,prepare!鲍西娅:你必须从他的胸前割下这磅肉来;法律许可你,法庭判给你。夏洛克：博学多才的法官！判得好！来，预备！BackWhy can Stylistics be applied to translation study?It lies in that both of them have the same aim,that is,how to fulfill social communication with effective linguistic methods.They both put emphasis on the social standard of communica
19、tive function;they dont ignore the timeliness and individuality of writing style as well.In the process of translation,it is necessary for translator to deal with his translation carefully in order to make the translation accord with the source text in the aspect of style.BackStylistics and Translat
20、ion There are many types of writings in both English and Chinese.English writings can be classified into such types:1.English for Press 2.Practical English Writings(Letters,telex,notice,contract,instruction,etc.)3.English for Advertising 4.English for Tourism5.EST(English for Science and Technology)
21、6.English for Literary WorksBackStylistics and Translation李龙植的文体学与语言实践：“文体就是在特定的交际领域,通过有目的地选择所产生的表现手段和表达方式的总体。它是在历史上形成的，同时被整个社会所接受的完整体系。文学文体（诗歌、小说、散文、戏剧）应用文体（公文、法律、经济、条据、启事等）BackStylistics and TranslationLiterature TranslationNovel TranslationPoetry TranslationEssay TranslationDrama TranslationProve
22、rb TranslationPractical TranslationTourism translationAdvertisement translationEST(English for Science and Technology)News translationContract translationMenu translationBackTheoretical framework:Functional equivalence(Eugine.A.Nida)Skopos theory(Hans.J.Vermeer)Back“The receptors of the translated t
23、ext could respond to it with comprehension and appreciation in essentially the same manner and to the same degree as the original receptors of the message”;“Translation should arouse the same feeling in its receptors as the feeling of the readers of the original”-NidaBack“Skopos is a Greek word for
24、purpose.According to skopostheorie(the theory that applies the notion of skopos to translation),the prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose(skopos)of the overall translational action.”Back目的论(skopos theorie)是德国功能翻译理论中的核心理论。Skopos 是希腊语，其意思是目的、意图、目标、功能。弗美尔（Hans J.Vermeer）在20
25、世纪70年代把这一术语引入了翻译理论，指翻译的目的。翻译的目的可分为三种：译者的目的（如赚钱）、译文在译语文化中的交际目的（如传递信息）以及使用某种翻译策略所要达到的目的（如直译以显示源语的语言结构特点）。目的论中的目的主要是指译文的交际目的。目的论认为，翻译行为所要达到的目的决定整个翻译过程，即结果决定方法（参见仲伟合、钟钰，2019：47）。Back弗美尔的“目的论”包括三条法则，即目的法则(skopos rule)、连贯法则(coherence rule or intra-textual coherence)和忠实法则(fidelity rule or inter-textual coh
26、erence)。目的法则(skopos rule)指的是翻译应能在译语环境和文化中，按译语接受者期待的方式发生作用。连贯法则(coherence rule or intra-textual coherence)是指译文具有可读性和可接受性，达到语内连贯，与译语接受者的交际情境连贯一致，让译语接受者理解。Back忠实法则(fidelity rule or inter-textual coherence)是指译文和原文的连贯性，实现语际连贯，相当于其他翻译理论所谓的忠实于原文，不过与原文忠实的程度和形式取决于翻译的目的。这三条法则的关系是：忠实法则服从于连贯法则，而这二者都服从于目的法则。Back
27、Recommended Books:1 陈小慰.新编实用翻译教程（增订版）.北京：经济科学出版社，2019年.2 刘宓庆.文体与翻译（第二版）.北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2019年.3 冯庆华.实用翻译教程.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2019年.4 刘宏杰.英语应用文文体分析.北京：知识产权出版社，2019年.BackRecommended Books:5 董莉.英语文体学理论与实践.北京：电子工业出版社，2019年.6 顾维勇.实用文体翻译.北京：国防工业出版社，2019年.7 陈新.英汉文体翻译教程.北京：北京大学出版社，2019年.8 张光明.英语实用文体翻译.合肥：中国科学技术大学出
28、版社，2009年.Recommended websites books1.译言网 yeeyan人气最高的协作翻译平台，你可以在上面阅读翻译好的文章，有译文和原文对照便于学习，你也可以参与翻译锻炼能力。2.知网翻译助手 dictki这个网站的专业术语翻译功能非常强大，一般查不到的专业词汇基本爱上都可以再这里找到答案，就是没有的还有相关信息供你参考，极大提高你翻译专业文献 的能力3.Proz国际翻译平台 proz这个是访问量巨大的国际性翻译人社区，你要是水平高的可以在上面接国外的翻译做赚外汇，也可以在上面学习提高翻译能力。4.译网情深 translators翻译界比较有名的翻译人才和资讯网站，可以
29、在上面了解翻译行业和查看翻译招聘信息。5.沪江外语 hjbbs/沪江英语论坛有海量的外语学习资料，可以到这里看看是否有你要学习的内容6.China Daily chinadaily/中国日报的网络版，相信很多外语学习者对这份报纸都非常熟悉，现在网络版阅读的也非常方便了，而且电脑上众多翻译工具会让你很方便理解文章意思。7.whitehouse.gov/美国白宫网8.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/泰晤士9.谷歌翻译 google/language_tools?hl=zh-CNGoogle搜索引擎上的翻译工具，这个应该是目前最好的整段文字翻译工具，比较接近正确译文，不过也是有很多问题的还远不能取代人工翻译，其对有些 专业词汇的翻译也非常准，可以利用其查询。谢谢