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1、非非谓谓语语动动词词与与从从句句间间的的转转换换非非谓谓语语动动词词与与从从句句间间的的转转换换 在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。非谓语动词非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。一、什么叫做非谓语动词一、什么叫做非谓语动词二、非谓语动词的表现二、非谓语动词的表现形式形式有：有：不定式不定式 （to do）现在分词现在分词（doing）过去分词过去分词（done）动名词动
2、名词 （doing）三、三、非谓语使用条件非谓语使用条件一个句子当中，一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.主主语语表表语语宾宾语语补补语语定定语语状状语语不定式不定式现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动名词动名词组成组成介词介词短语短语四、非谓语动词充当的成分四、非谓语动词充当的成分+分词作分词作状语状语(分词做状语可
3、以转换成其相对应的状语从分词做状语可以转换成其相对应的状语从句来表时间、条件、原因句来表时间、条件、原因)Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.If the trees had been given more attention,the trees couldNot knowing his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.As she didnt know his telephone number,she had som
4、e While waiting at the dentists,I read the whole of a short story.(=While I was waiting )Before being in the army,he was an engineer.(=Before he was in the army,)_(finish)my work,I went to bed.(=After I had finished my work,)Working hard,you will succeed.(=If you work hard,)Having finishedBeing so p
5、oor in those days,we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital.(=As we were so poor)Weighing almost one hundred jin,the stone was moved by him.(=Though the stone weighed almost one hundred jin,)1.时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上连词连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明等，使其时间意义更明确。确。(多置于句首，也可置于
6、句末多置于句首，也可置于句末)2.原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。(多置于多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中句首或句末，也可置于句中)3.条件状语：可加连词条件状语：可加连词if,unless 等；也可换成条件状等；也可换成条件状语从句。语从句。(多置于句首多置于句首)4.让步状语：有时可加让步状语：有时可加 although,though,even if,even though,whetheror 等连词，可转等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。换成让步状语从句。(多置于句首多置于句首)5.结果状语：可改为结果状语从句。（结果状语：可改为结果状语从句。（
7、多置于句末多置于句末）6.方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。(多置于句多置于句末末)A.现在分词与过去分词作状语现在分词与过去分词作状语When they heard the news,they all jumped with joy.HearingWhen the baby saw its mother,it smiled.Seeing As they hoped to get our support,they sent us their statement.Hoping The snow lasted a week,so it resulted i
8、n a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.resultingWhen hearingWhile he worked in the factory,he was an advanced worker.WorkingWhile workingWhen seeing When it is seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.Dont speak until you are spoken to.Because he was greatly touched by his teachers
9、words,the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates.If we were given more time,we could do it much better.He was warned of the danger,but he still went skating on the ice.SeenGreatly touchedGiven spokenWarned he If given When seen但是但是,有些分词作状语是独立结构有些分词作状语是独立结构,不与句子的主语不与句子的主语产生联系产生联系;常见的有常见的有:jud
10、ging from,generally speaking,compared to/with,considering,providing(ed),supposing etc.Generallyspeaking,womenlivelongerthanmen.Judgingfromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.Consideringthedistance,hearrivedveryquickly.Takingeverythingintoconsideration,youshouldleave.一般说来，女人比男人活得长。一般说来，女人比男人活得长。从你的话看，他应当能成功。
11、从你的话看，他应当能成功。考虑路程，他到达得很快。考虑路程，他到达得很快。考虑到各种因素，你最好离开。考虑到各种因素，你最好离开。B.不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、条件等。条件等。She looked into the window,and wanted to see what was going on inside.She looked into the window to see what was going on inside.注：表目的的不定式还常与注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或或in order连
12、用，连用，构成构成so as(not)to do和和in order(not)to do 结构，其中结构，其中so as(not)to do 不能用于句首。不能用于句首。To get there in time,we got up very early.=In order to get there in time,we got up very early.=We got up very early(in order/so as)to get there in time.Tom kept quiet about the accident so that he would not lose his
13、 job.=so as not to lose his job.非谓语动词和从句的转换非谓语动词和从句的转换I.v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换形式与从句之间的转换1.v-ing形式作主语可换成形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句引导的主语从句 Toms knowing English helps him in learning French.That Tom knows English helps him in learning English.Her being out of work was unexpected.That she was out of work was unexpec
14、ted.2.v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 I remember having paid him for his work.I remember that I have paid him for his work.He suggests our making better use of the school library.He suggests that we(should)make better use of the school library.3.v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句Our worry is you
15、r depending too much on him.Our worry is that you depend too much on him.The question is many peoples being trapped in the fire.The question is that many people are trapped in the fire.4.v-ing形式作定语可换成that,who,which引导的定语从句 We will study in the house facing south.We will study in the house that/which
16、faces south.The man talking to my teacher is my father.The man who/that is talking to my teacher is my father.5.v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句On arriving there,I will telephone you.As soon as I arrive there,I will telephone you.While waiting for the bus,I caught sight of her.While I was waiting for the bus,I c
17、aught sight of her.我一到那，就给你打电话我等车的时候，看到了她。（catch sight of）另外，另外，v-ing形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语，相当于一个并列句，形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语，相当于一个并列句，也可和也可和with结构转换。结构转换。He died,leaving his daughter much money.He died,and(he)left his daughter much money.He died,with leaving his daughter much money.他死了，留给他女儿很多钱。他死了，留给他女儿很多钱。II.V-ed形
18、式与从句之间的转换 1.v-ed形式作定语可换成定语从句形式作定语可换成定语从句 The question discussed yesterday is very important.The question that/which was discussed yesterday is very important.The boy lost in thought is my brother.The boy who is lost in thought is my brother.2.v-ed形式作宾补可换成宾语从句 I found the room broken into and a lot o
19、f things stolen.I found(that)the room had been broken into and a lot of things had been stolen.3.v-ed形式作状语可换成状语从句(If)heated,water will turn into steam.If it is heated,water will turn into steam.Dont speak until spoken to.Dont speak until you are spoken to.III.to do形式与从句的转换 1.to do形式作主语可转换成主语从句 When
20、and where(for us)to hold the meeting is unknown yet.When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown yet.2.to do形式作宾语或宾补可换成宾语从句形式作宾语或宾补可换成宾语从句I dont know what to do with the matter.I dont know that I should do with the matter.I warned him not to drive the car after drinking.I warned that he should
21、 not drive the car after drinking.3.to do形式作表语可换成表语从句 My wish is to become a pilot after graduation.My wish is that I can become a pilot after graduation.4.to do形式作定语可换成定语从句The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.The meeting that/which will be held is of great importance.He was the fi
22、rst to arrive and the last to leave.He was the first that arrived and the last that left.to do形式作目的、结果、原因状语可转换成形式作目的、结果、原因状语可转换成相应的状语从句相应的状语从句 They started off early（in order/so as)to arrive in time.They started off early in order/so that they could arrive in time.She was so excited as not to go to sleep.She was too excited to go to sleep.She was so excited that she couldnt go to sleep.她太兴奋了，以至于睡不着觉。她太兴奋了，以至于睡不着觉。