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1、 定语从句定语从句定语的位置定语的位置Ilikethegreenteam.Iliketheteamingreen.Iliketheteamwhowerewearinggreen.这是我的杯子这是我的杯子This is This is mymy cup.cup.这是装满水的杯子。这是装满水的杯子。This is the cup This is the cup full of teafull of tea.这是我喝茶用的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。This is the cup This is the cup which I drink tea withwhich I drink tea with.
2、当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。定语从句的定义定语从句的定义定语从句，也称关系从句和形容词性从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，用来限制，描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个句子或主句中的一部分），即句子作定语。The girlThe girl whowho is standing there is Mary.is standing there is Mary.先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词关系词：引导定语
3、从句的词叫关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词。先行词先行词 +定语从句定语从句（名词名词/代词代词 ）+（关系词其他成分）（关系词其他成分）关系词关系词引导定语从句引导定语从句,起着起着连接主从句连接主从句，指代先行词指代先行词和和在从句中作句子成分在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。的三重作用。先行词 关系词定语从句1.连接作用:引导从句并同时连接主句.2.指代作用:在从句中指代它前面的先行词.3.成分作用:在从句中充当成分.如:主语(who,that,which);宾语(who,whom,which,that);表语(that,as);定语(whose,of whom/which);时间状语(whe
4、n),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why).说明:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,其他成分一般不可省略.判断是定语从句的三要素1.看是否有先行词。2 看是否有关系词。3 看是否关系词在定语从句中做成分。This is This is the cupthe cup whichwhich I drink tea with.I drink tea with.The girlThe girl whowho is standing thereis standing there is Mary.is Mary.This is This is the scientistthe scientist wh
5、osewhose name is known all over the country.name is known all over the country.先行词关系词定语从句先行词关系词定语从句先行词关系词定语从句关系词在定语从句中做主语关系词在定语从句里做宾语。关系词在定语从句中做定语。关系词在定语从句中做定语。October 1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.This is the place where my mother was born.I dont know the reason
6、why she looks unhappy today先行词关系词定语从句关系副词在定语从句中时间状语。先行词关系词关系副词在定语从句中地点状语。定语从句先行词关系词关系副词在定语从句中原因状语。定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词thatthat人人+物物否whose/of whichwhose 作定语 是which/thatWho(m)/that 作宾语否是否可略是否可略which/thatwho/that 作主语物物人人 句子成分先行词作表语作表语thatthat/which是在定语从句中用什么关系词的方法1.看先行词是什么.2.看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分.主
7、语(who,that,which);宾语(who,whom,which,that);表语(that,as);定语(whose,of whom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why).Titanic is the ship _ sank after hitting an iceberg.that/whichRose and Jack are the lovers _ met on the ship.who/that3.The house they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.1.The earthqu
8、ake hit the city in 2008 was the biggest in Chinese history.2.We dont know the number of people lost their homes in 1906 earthquakethat/which that/who（which/that）4.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutthestrangestoriesandpersons_theymetinthevillage.5.Harryistheboy_motherisourmathsteacher.6.Luckilynoneofthepeop
9、le_Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.(who/whom/that)whose(that)1.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时用先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时用that，而，而不用不用whichThefirstplace_theyvisitedwasYangzhou.Thisisthethirdfilm_hasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.Themostimportantthing_shouldbedonenowistostudyEnglish.(that)thatthat(that)Thisisthebestfilm_Ihaveseen
10、.2.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时用先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时用that，而用而用which.先行词由指人和指物的名词并列构成时用先行词由指人和指物的名词并列构成时用that，而不用，而不用whichThewriterandhisnovel_youhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.Thebikeanditsrider_hadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.Thereisnothing_theywanttobuy.Thatisall_Iwanttosay.(that)(that)(that)that4.先
11、行词是先行词是all,much,little,few,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词用等不定代词用that，而不用，而不用which5.先行词被先行词被any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery,theonly,justthe等词等词修饰时修饰时The only thing _ we could do was to wait.This is one of the presents _ my boy friend gavemeonmybirthday.6 .如有主句含两个定语
12、从句，其中一个关系代词如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用已用whichwhich，另一个关系代词则宜用，另一个关系代词则宜用that,that,以避免以避免语言的单调或重复。语言的单调或重复。Edison built up a factory which produced things _ had never been seen before.(that)(that)that7.主句已有疑问词主句已有疑问词which时时,避免与先行词重复。避免与先行词重复。Whichisthebook_heputherejustnow?that8.主句是主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句
13、结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用宜用that指代物。指代物。Theres stillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree。10.被修饰词为数词时。被修饰词为数词时。YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwo thatarestillalive.先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用宜用that，不宜用，不宜用which的情况：的情况：先行词指物时先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词定语从句中关系代词宜用宜用whichwhich而不而不宜用宜用thatthat的
14、情况的情况 This is the liberary fromwhichI borrowed the book.Is this the room in which Mr White lives?Crusoes dog,which was now very old,became ill and died.1、当关系代词前面有介词时，且关系代词一律、当关系代词前面有介词时，且关系代词一律不能省略。不能省略。2、在非限制性定语从句中。、在非限制性定语从句中。3、当关系代词指代前面整个句子时当关系代词指代前面整个句子时He passed the exam,_ made his father very
15、happy.which小结：关系代词指物时用法要点定语从句中先行词指物宜用定语从句中先行词指物宜用that，不宜用，不宜用which的情况的情况.1.1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时.2.2.先行词是序数词先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时或它前面有一个序数词时.3.3.先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时4.4.先行词是先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,th
16、e oneanything,nothing,none,the one等代词时等代词时5.5.先行词先行词any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very,the only,just thethe only,just the等词修饰时等词修饰时6.6.如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用，另一个关系代词则宜用that,以避免语言的单以避免语言的单调或重复。调或重复。7.7.主句
17、已有疑问词主句已有疑问词whichwhich时时8.8.主句是主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。指代物。9.被修饰词为数词时。被修饰词为数词时。先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用which而不而不宜用宜用that的情况的情况。1.1.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时,只用只用whichwhich，且关系代词且关系代词一律不能省略。一律不能省略。2.2.在非限定性定语从句中，只用在非限定性定语从句中，只用whichwhich，不用，不用thatthat。3.3.当关系代词指代前面整个句子时。当关系
18、代词指代前面整个句子时。先行词指人时先行词指人时定语从句中关系代词定语从句中关系代词宜用宜用whowho而不宜而不宜用用thatthat的情况：的情况：、先行词为、先行词为one,ones,anyone或或those时。时。The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.Those who are not fit for their work should l
19、eave office at once.2.在在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用 关系代词关系代词who指代人。指代人。Theres a gentleman who wants to see you.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clause.关系代词与介词关系代词与介词 1.1.当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用用whichwhich代物代物，whomwho
20、m代人代人。且关系代词一律。且关系代词一律不能省略。不能省略。(固定短语中的介词不可提前固定短语中的介词不可提前)例如例如：I want to find the pen I want to find the pen with whichwith which I I wrote that letter.wrote that letter.2.2.介词在末尾时，可用介词在末尾时，可用that/whichthat/which（代物），（代物），that/whom/whothat/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，且（代人）做介词的宾语，且这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。这个介词宾语的关系代词往往
21、省略。例如：例如：The man The man whom/who/that/whom/who/that/可省可省 he he wants to see is in Shanghai.wants to see is in Shanghai.关系代词关系代词as引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句 Shewearsthe same kind of clothesashersisterwears.(不是同一件不是同一件)(Cf.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.（同一件）（同一件）Suchpeopleaswererecommendedbyhi
22、mwerereliable.)Heis asgreatapainteraseverlived.Inthecity,IoncesawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasIneverdreamtof.定语从句的分类定语从句的分类：（1 1）限定性定语从句）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果：与先行词关系密切，如果 没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整。限定性定语从没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整。限定性定语从句与先行词之间句与先行词之间无逗号无逗号。（2 2）非限定性定语从句）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，
23、如果删掉它，主句的意义对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的。非限定性定语从句与先行词之间仍然是完整的。非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号有逗号。This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（一）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（一）（限制性）（限制性）（非限制性）（非限制性）1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整整个句子个句
24、子的情况或主句的某一部分某一部分。2.有时as也可用作关系代词。3.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who,whom代表人，用which代表事物。1.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句as与与which引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句WhereverImethim,whichwasfairlyfrequent,Ilikedhissweethopefulsmile.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.Grammar,ashasbee
25、nsaidbefore,isnotasetofdeadrules.Heisabitoutofhismind,asallthosewhoknowhimcansee.Asapoetpointsout,lifeisbutadream.Thematerialiselastic,as(is)showninthefigure.1.which（它所引导的定语从句只能放在先（它所引导的定语从句只能放在先行词后）行词后）2.as（它所引导的定语从句放在先行词前（它所引导的定语从句放在先行词前后都可以，并可翻译成后都可以，并可翻译成“正如正如”）关系代词关系代词asas的用法及其与的用法及其与whichwhich
26、的区别。的区别。关系代词关系代词as可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关系代词而关系代词which则不可以。请比较则不可以。请比较：1.Ourdepartmentwillholdthemeeting,asisknownbyus.as在引导非限制性定语从句时的常用短语有：在引导非限制性定语从句时的常用短语有：as is well known as we all knowas may be imagined as is expectedas we had expected as is often the case1._weallknow,heisafam
27、ousscientist.2._isexpected,heisadiligentboy.1._everyoneknows,itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown.2.Itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown,_iscleartous.3.Ourdepartmentwillholdthemeeting,_isknownbyus.AsAsAswhichas关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下红色部分红色部分的用法。的用法。1)Do you
28、 remember the days when/in which I stayed with you in the USA?2)The factory where/in which he worked for twenty years is closing down.3)The reason why/for which he was late for school was that he didnt catch the bus.你还记得我和你在美国共度的那些日子吗？他效力了20年的那个工厂倒闭了。他之所以迟到，原因是没赶上公交车。小结归纳小结归纳 when 通常放在表示时间的名词(先行词)后引
29、导定语从句，如句1）；where放在表示地点的名词(先行词)后引导定语从句，如句2）；why经常放在reason(先行词)的后面来引导定语从句，如句3）；关系副词关系副词when,where,why的用法的用法 关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子不缺少主语或宾语时，并能够完整地表达一个意子不缺少主语或宾语时，并能够完整地表达一个意思时，这时我们不需要关系代词，就可以给这个句思时，这时我们不需要关系代词，就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。子加上特定的关系副词。2.先行词和关系副词的种类先行词和关系副词的种类先行词先行词关系副词关系副词地点
30、状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语wherewhenwhy关系副词关系副词=介词介词+which关系副词关系副词when,where,why和介词和介词+which的的关系关系关系副词关系副词when,where,why可用适当的介词可用适当的介词+which来替代来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+whichPs:介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。介词介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。
31、动词之后。（注意固定短语中介词的位置注意固定短语中介词的位置）whenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词 +which+which”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the army.on whichJim still remembers the happy time when we got together last year.during whichIt is 1st Oct.when we celebrate our nations birthday.on whichwherewhere在定语从句中
32、作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词 +which+which”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichWe got the station early where we saw Tom off.at whichwhywhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词 for+whichfor+which”。Do you know the reason why she was late.for whichShe will never tell us the reasons wh
33、y she married such an old man.for which1.Iwontforgetthetime_Igotmarried.2.Haveyoustillrememberthedays_westayedtogether?3.Thisistheplace_wehadagoodtime.4.Isthisthehouse_Mr.Smithlives?5.Idontknowthereason_hewontjoinus.6.Doyouknowthereason_hedidntcometosweeptheclassroom?wheninwhichwhenonwhichwheredurin
34、gwhichwhereinwhichwhyforwhichwhyforwhich关系副词关系副词when,where和关系代词和关系代词that,which的的区分区分同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用wherewhere，有时使用，有时使用that/whichthat/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用whenwhen，有时使用有时使用that/whichthat/which同样是修饰同样是修饰reasonreason，有时使用，有时使用whywhy，有时使用，有时使用that.that.主要看：主要看：从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关
35、系副词做从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词做状语，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。状语，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。请比较以下句子请比较以下句子：Thisisthepark_wevisitedlastyear.Thisisthepark_weheldabirthdayparty.Thatsthedate_shewontforgetforever.Thatsthedate_wewenttothecollege.Ilikethetime_wehadtogether.Ilikethetime_welivedtogether.Thisisthereason_heexplaine
36、dforhiscarelessnessinhiswork.Thisisthereason_hedidso.(that)whywhen从句意思不完整需要加宾语从句意思不完整需要加宾语where（从句完整，只需加上特的关系副词做状语）（从句完整，只需加上特的关系副词做状语）thatthatthatwhen一些特殊词之后的一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,part,condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，等表示抽象意义的词，常用常用where引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况到了某种地步
37、，在某种境况中中”。1.IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.1.Weshouldgototheplace_wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_needsusmost.A.itB.whereC.thatD.what1B 2C关系代词关系代词that和和which在定语从句中在定语从句中充当主语或宾语充当主语或宾语关系副词关系副词when/where/why分别在分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，定语从句中充
38、当时间状语，地点状地点状语和原因状语。语和原因状语。关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系词在句中作用关系关系代词代词thatthat人人/物物主、宾主、宾whichwhich物物主、宾主、宾whowho人人主、宾主、宾whomwhom人人宾宾whosewhose人人/物物定定关系关系副词副词whenwhen时间时间时间状语时间状语wherewhere地点地点地点状语地点状语whywhy原因原因原因状语原因状语定语从句易混句型1.I still remember the days _ I worked with the farmers.I still remember the d
39、ays _ I spent with the farmersA.which B.on which C.when D.what2.We were on the way _ it began to rain.I dont like the way _ you speak to your parents.A.when B.that C.how D.which 3.The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday.The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yeste
40、rday.A.how B.why C.that D.who4.Is this school _ you ever visited?Is this the school _ you ever studied?Is this the school in _ you ever studied?A.where B.which C.that D.the one5.This is _ he said at he meeting yesterday.This is all_ he said at the meeting yesterday.A.that B.which C.what D.how6._ is
41、reported in the newspapers,they have beaten all the other teams._ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams._ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams.A.It B.As C.Which D.What 7.That is the house,_ windows hasnt been cleaned for months.Th
42、at is the house,_ the windows hasnt been cleaned for months.That is the house,but _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months.A.its B.its C.whose D.of which8.John said hed been working in the office for hours,_ true.John said hed been working in the office for hours,but _ true.A.he was B.it was C.which
43、was D.who was 这是我们曾经住过的房子 这是他们去年建的房子我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子This is the house where/in which we once lived.This is the house which/that they built last year.Ill never forget the days when/on which we stayed in Beijing.汉译英1.你还记得我们一起在乡下度过的假期吗？2.这是我父亲从前工作过的工厂。3.我找不到他离开这儿的原因。4.我知道一个我们可以玩的开心的地方。5.那就是他10年前住过的房子。
44、6.那就是我去美国的那一年。1.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._Igotwetthrough.A.ItsthereasonB.ThatswhyC.ThereswhyD.Itshow2.He made another wonderful discovery,_of greatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis3.He was very rude to the customs officer,_ of course madethin
45、gsevenworse.A.WhoB.whomC.whatD.whcihThats whywhich I think iswhich历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题4.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_standsthefamoustower.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there5.Theboss_departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolooksdownuponwomen.A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose6.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.t
46、hewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhichwherein whosethe way历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题7.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during_timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same8.Onthewallhungapicture,_colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its9.WheneverImethim,_wasfairlyoften;Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.
47、A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whenwhichwhosewhich历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题10.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.AwhoBwhichCthisDwhat(2000)11._hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.WhichwhichAs 历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题 Practice 1.1.
48、Is Is this this laboratory laboratory _ _ the the students students visited visited yesterday.yesterday.Is Is this this the the laboratory laboratory _ _ the the students students visited visited yesterday.yesterday.A.that B.the one C.where D.in which A.that B.the one C.where D.in which theonethat2.
49、I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.2.I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A.as B.that C.which D.what A.as B.that C.which D.whatas3.Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?3.Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?A.that B.where C.in which D.the one A.that B.where
50、C.in which D.the onethat4.The wolves hid themselves in the places _ 4.The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.couldnt be found.A.that B.where C.in which D.in that A.that B.where C.in which D.in that5.Have you seen the boy_?5.Have you seen the boy_?A.that I told B.I told you of A.t