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1、Noun clausesWe all are present at the meeting.We all are present at the meeting but John isnt.We all are present at the meeting because it is very important.简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句我们所有人都出席了会议.句子划分按结构划分:简单句,并列句,复合句名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)形容词性从句:定语从句副词性从句:比较状语从句,地点状语从句,时间状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句,目的状语从句,方式状语从句
2、,结果状语从句,原因状语从句.复合句:We all are present at the meeting.简单句简单句分析句子成分主语be动词表语宾语同位语概念概念:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词名词,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位
3、语从句。句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句名词性从句连连接接词词：that,whether,if 在在从从句句中中不不担担任任任任何何成成分分,本本身身也也没没有有词词义义,不不可可省省略略(宾宾语语从从句除外句除外)连连接接代代词词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.在句中充当成分在句中充当成分连接副词：连接副词：when,where,how,why在句中在句中做状语做状语连接词连接词:主语从句主语从句 The Subject Clause一一.定义定义:在复合句中充当主语的句子在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句。叫做主语从句。What
4、 you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a good thing.For example:二二.连接词连接词:连词连词that，whether;连连接代词：接代词：who,what,which;连接副连接副词：词：when,where,how,why等等.三三.主语从句的两种结构主语从句的两种结构:主语从句可主语从句可以放句首；也可以放句末，用以放句首；也可以放句末，用it 做做形形式主语式主语.For example:2.Whether he will come hasnt been decided.=It hasnt
5、been decided whether he will come.1.That the earth is round is true.=It is true that the earth is round.以以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：型有：1.It+be+形容词形容词+that从句从句（1）It is certain that she will do well in her exam.（2）It is possible that he told her everything.2、It+be+名词词组名词词组+that从句从句(1)It i
6、s a pity that we cant go.(2)It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.(1)It is said that he is the best student in the class.(2)It is thought that Joe drives badly.3、It+be+过去分词过去分词+that从句从句4、It+不及物不及物(happen,appear等等)动词动词+that从句。从句。(1)It happened that I was out that day.主语从句中的主语从句中的“主
7、谓一致主谓一致”：1.一个主语从句作主语相当于第三人称一个主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数作主语，谓语动词用单数单数；2.如果由如果由and连接两个或两个以上的连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数复数；3.由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用从句，谓语动词用单数单数。注意注意1.How and why he did the experiment are unknown to all.2.How he did the experiment and why he did the experimen
8、t is unknown to all.3.When he did the experiment has not been decided yet.isare 2.What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.areis宾语从句宾语从句 The Object Clause一一.在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫做在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句。二二.宾语从句类型宾语从句类型:1).1).作动词宾语作动词宾语I
9、dont know that you will come here.I wonder what he has done.2).2).作介词宾语作介词宾语The teacher is satisfied with what I said.He is thinking about how to solve the problem.3).用作某些形容词的宾语：用作某些形容词的宾语：这类形容词常见的有这类形容词常见的有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等。表示某种情等。表示某种情感的形容词感的形容词.(1)I am af
10、raid(that)Ive made a mistake.(2)I am sure (that)he will win the game.4)4)用用itit作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.动词动词find,feel,make,think,believe,find,feel,make,think,believe,considerconsider后有宾补时后有宾补时,则需用则需用itit
11、作形式宾作形式宾语语,而将真正的宾语从句后置而将真正的宾语从句后置,这时这时thatthat不不可省略可省略宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项1.引导宾语从句的连词引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去常可省去，但是如，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个.有些动词有些动词/动词词组如动词词组如:like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make/see to/take/owe/depend on+it 后常跟后常跟if 或或when从从句句I hate it when people laugh at the disabled.Yo
12、u may depend on it that you parents will help you whenever you need it.2.宾语从句中的否定转移宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.()I believe he wont see you.()I dont believe he will see you.()注意：如果宾语从句是由注意：如果宾语从句是由I/We+I/We+think,believe,imagine,suppose,expec
13、t等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。式转移到主句中去。注意：这类句子后若带有反意问注意：这类句子后若带有反意问句，应采用肯定形式，反意问句部句，应采用肯定形式，反意问句部分应于从句主语一致。分应于从句主语一致。(宾语从名反宾语从名反意问句要根据主句意问句要根据主句)I dont believe she knows it,does she?I dont know when he joined the army,do I?表语从句表语从句The The Predicative Clause二二.类型类型:1.放在放在be动词之后。动词之后。2.可
14、以放在连系动词可以放在连系动词 look,remain,seem等后。等后。另另外外,常常用用的的还还有有the reason is that 和和It is because 等结构。例如：等结构。例如：It seems that it is going to rain.The question is whether it is worth doing一一.定义定义:在复合句中充当表语的从句叫做表语从句在复合句中充当表语的从句叫做表语从句注意事项：注意事项：1.1.在表语从句中，当在表语从句中，当reason,result,cause,why作主语时，引导词只能用作主语时，引导词只能用that
15、，不能用，不能用because，The reason why he was late was he didnt catch the early bus.Why we decided to put off the football match is the weather was too bad.thatthat2.as if/though,because 也可引导表语也可引导表语从句从句.as if/though需要注意两种语气需要注意两种语气.(陈述语气陈述语气,虚拟语气虚拟语气).).because常用于常用于This/That/It is because结构中结构中.It looks a
16、s if its going to rain.That was because he didnt understand me.同位语从句同位语从句 The The Appositive Clause二二.同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容The news that she passed the exam excited her parents.一一.定定义义:同同位位语语从从句句就就是是在在复复合合句句中中作作名名词词的的同同位位语的从句。语的从句。三.能能接接同同位位语语从从句句的的名名词词有有：fact,idea,news,informati
17、on,order,belief,suggestion,advice等等(常为抽象名词常为抽象名词)四.连接词一般由that引导,也可根据选用whether,what,when,where,等来引导同位语从句。I have no idea where he comes from.There is some doubt whether he will pass the exam.There is no doubt that he will pass the exam.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I have no id
18、ea when she will be back.注意注意:when,where 引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,其意义与先行词有关其意义与先行词有关;但引导同位语但引导同位语从句时从句时,其意义与同位的词无关其意义与同位的词无关,”什么什么时候时候,哪儿哪儿”五五.同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句紧跟在名词后面同位语从句紧跟在名词后面.We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的成分隔开名词后面，而是被别的成分隔开,
19、称为分隔称为分隔式的同位语从句。式的同位语从句。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1）定语从句）定语从句是形容词性的，是形容词性的，对先行词起修饰、对先行词起修饰、限制的作用，同位语从句限制的作用，同位语从句是名词性的，是名词性的，对名词具对名词具体内容的补充说明体内容的补充说明。2）that在定语从句中担任句子成分，是关系代词。在定语从句中担任句子成分，是关系代词。that在同位语从句中不担任句子成分，是从属连在同位语从句中不担任句子成分，是从属连词
20、，通常不能省略。词，通常不能省略。注意事项:同位语从句定语从句解释说明；解释说明；that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分但是不能省。但是不能省。修饰限定；修饰限定；that在从句中有成分、在从句中有成分、作宾语时可以省。作宾语时可以省。The news that she passed the exam excited her parents.The news that we know from her excited all of us.1.他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he
21、 was successful is still a puzzle.()2.你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live?()FTTF名词性从句考点归纳名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序一、名词性从句的语序T判断下列句子是否正确，（判断下列句子是否正确，（T or F）陈述语序陈述语序二二.时态：时态：学习名词性从句时，除了学习名词性从句时，除了要注意从句的引导词，语序要注意从句的引导词，语序等外，还要注意从句谓语动等外，还要注意从句谓语
22、动词与主句谓语动词的时态一词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。致关系。在宾语从句中，在宾语从句中，(遵循直接引语变间接引语遵循直接引语变间接引语的原则的原则)当主句是当主句是一般现在时一般现在时，宾语从句可以，宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态。如：根据需要用各种时态。如：Mary says thatTom isnt lazy.Tom is doing well in his lesson.She will ask Tom some questions.Tom may fall behind the others.She missed us very much.She was writing a le
23、tter.She would visit the Great Wall.She said that 如果主句谓语动词是如果主句谓语动词是一般过去一般过去时时，则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。，则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。如：如：(1)The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.(2)The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.如果宾语从句表示的是如果宾语从句表示的是客观真客观真理理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时
24、。如：如：三三.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.宾语从句宾语从句一一“坚持坚持”(insist),二二“命令命令”(order,command),三三“建议建议”(advise,suggest,propose),四四“要求要求”(ask,demand,require,request,desire)另附催促与推荐（urgerecommend）+(that)sb(should)do.或是或是(that)sb/sth(should)be done 我们建议我们建议Tom Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派他们要求派TomTom去那儿工作
25、。去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。老师要求作业要及时完成。We suggested _.He insisted _.They requested(that)Tom _.(that)Tom have a rest(that)I(should)go with him(should)be sent to work thereThe teacher asked(that)our homework _.(should)be finished in time2.在主语、表语、同位语从句中在主语、表语、同位语从句中这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should doIt is
26、ordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demanded that (should)doThe/Ones insistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desire is/was that (should)doa/the suggestion/request(等等)that (should)do 主语从句主语从句 表语表语从句从句 同位语从句同位语从句Its suggested tha
27、t the plan(should)be carried out at once.The old womans demand is that her son(should)come to see her once a week.We are in favor of the advice that the factory(should)be closed down.3.wish 的宾语从句的宾语从句1.wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/c
28、ould+V.原原 shouldI wish I _(be)as tall as Yao Ming.wereI wish/wished I _(have not)eaten so much watermelon.hadntHe wishes he _(become)a scientist some day.could/would become 4.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有常用的句型有：（1）It is necessary(important,
29、natural,strange,etc.)that.（2）It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that.1).It is important that we _(master)a foreign language.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。Its _ that she _ to come to the party.3).鸟在树上安歇鸟在树上安歇/休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。It is _ that a bird _ in trees.(should)master(should)refusestrangenatura
30、l(should)restRemember ita.a.主语从句中主语从句中b.b.表语从句中表语从句中c.c.同位语从句中同位语从句中d.d.介词后的宾语从句中介词后的宾语从句中e.e.Whether后直接跟不定式后直接跟不定式 to do f.f.whether 后紧跟后紧跟or not 引引导宾语从句时不用导宾语从句时不用if.G.用用if会引起歧义时会引起歧义时只用只用whetherwhether不用不用if if 的情况：的情况：四.3.whether和和if的选用的选用 1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party
31、in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.A.if/whether B.if C.Whether D.thatCACCACCCHomework 完成三维设计完成三维设计,检测试题中的语法练习检测试题中的语法练习