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1、doing动名词动名词gerundtodo不定式不定式infinitivedoing/done分词分词participle Non-finitesThesignificanceofNon-finites1.单项填空的需要。单项填空的需要。2009年北京高考卷年北京高考卷第第24、28、34题。题。24.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow答案为：答案为：A28.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation
2、_informationinamoreeffectiveway.A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent34._twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten答案为：答案为：28.D34.B2.阅读理解的需要。阅读理解的需要。2009北京卷北京卷阅读阅读ECampingisabouthavingrelaxation,sleepingoutdoors,experi
3、encingbadweathers,andmakingdowithoutmodernconveniences.Abusy,fully-equippedcampsite(野营地）野营地）seemstogoagainstthis,看阅读看阅读5+3P2183.书面表达的需要。书面表达的需要。2009北京卷北京卷书面表达书面表达一一.情景作文情景作文 （参考答案）.Inthemorning,webicycledtothesuburbstoplanttrees,talkingandlaughingallthetime.Aftergettingtheworkdone,weputupaboardremin
4、dingpeopletoprotectthetrees.Beforeleavingwetooksomephotostorecordourgreenaction.Seeingthelinesoftrees,weallhadasenseofachievement.Wefeelitsourdutytoprotectandbeautifyourenvironment.GREENACTIONINOURCLASS非谓语动词非谓语动词答题技巧答题技巧一、一、看缺谓语还是非谓语看缺谓语还是非谓语二、二、看主被动关系看主被动关系三、三、看时间关系看时间关系辨别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词辨别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
5、iswritingwrittenhavewrittenwrotetohavebeenwrittenwritehavebeenwrittentowritehavebeenwritingwriteshavingwritteniswrittenbeingwrittenwriting辨别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词辨别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词iswritingwrittenhavewrittenwrotetohavebeenwrittenwritehavebeenwrittentowritehavebeenwritingwriteshavingwritteniswrittenbeingwrittenwri
6、ting辨别缺少谓语动词还是非谓语动词辨别缺少谓语动词还是非谓语动词1.Hehadhisleg_(break)while_(play)football.2._(notdo)suchdifficultworkbefore,hefeltitwasterriblyhardforhim.3.Thestudents,_(work)hardthewholeterm,wanttorelaxthemselvesduringthesummerholidays.4.Theyoungman,_(believe)tobethesonofthedetective_(bite)byasnakeanddied.非谓语作非谓
7、语作状语状语过去分词过去分词done-时间、原因、伴随、时间、原因、伴随、条件等条件等现在分词现在分词doing-时间、原因、伴随时间、原因、伴随不定式不定式todo-目的、结果目的、结果非谓语作非谓语作状语的形式状语的形式 to do only to do /never to do doing 主动、同时 having done 主动、先于谓语发生 done 被动 being done 被动、同时 having been done 被动、先于谓语发生用所给动词的正确形式填空用所给动词的正确形式填空(doing/done/todo)1._(knock)downbyacar,shehadtost
8、ayinbedforsometime.2._(noreceive)anynewsfromhomeforsolong,shegotmoreandmorehomesick.3._(cross)thestreet,shewasknockeddownbyamotorbike.4._(heat),waterwillturnintovapor.KnockedNothavingreceivedCrossingHeated5.Onewomanwaslyinginbed,awake,_(listen)totherushingwinds.6.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,_(fol
9、low)bysomestudents.7._(catch)thefirstbus,hegotupveryearly.8.Hewentbackonly_(find)hishousebrokeninto.listeningfollowedTocatchtofind非谓语作非谓语作定语定语现在分词现在分词doing-过去分词过去分词done-不不定定式式todo-进行进行完成完成将来将来主动主动被动被动不定式做定语1.不定式做定语，表将来The car to be bought is for his sister.2.用来修饰被序数词、最高级等限定的中心词。He was the best man t
10、o do the job.He was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.3.被修饰的词为抽象名词时，用不定式。常见的有：ability,chance,idea,fact,belief,way Do you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go sightseeing.现在/过去分词做定语doing主动主动beingdone被动、进行被动、进行（正在被做）（正在被做）done被动、完成被动、完成1.Ihavene
11、verseenamoremovingmovie.2.Listen!Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.3.HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?比较：比较：Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrowsmeetingisaveryimportantone.Thehouse_(build)nowwillbeusedasourclassroombuilding.Thehouse_(build)nextmonthwillbeusedasourclassroombuilding.Thehou
12、se_(build)lastyearwillbeusedasourclassroombuilding.beingbuilttobebuiltbuilt主动主动被动被动todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone不定式不定式todo否定形式否定形式复合结构复合结构nottodoforsbtodoTolearnchemistrywellisnteasy.(=)Howtosolvetheproblem isveryimportant.Ourworkistocleanthewindows.Myquestioniswhentostart.注意：注意：1.谓语
13、用谓语用单数单数形式形式2.用用it做形式主语做形式主语主语、表语主语、表语Itisnteasytolearnchemistrywell.)WeintendtohaveapicniconSunday.Ifinditinterestingtoworkwithhim.Idontknowhowtoworkitout.Ourteacherencouragesustoreadmore.Illshowyouhowtofindthemuseum.句型：句型：1.动词动词+todo/howtodo2.动词动词+sb.todo/sb.howtodo3.动词动词+it+形容词形容词+todo宾语、宾补宾语、宾补某
14、些某些V+to do作宾语作宾语决心学会想希望，决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,helpIhavealotofworktodo.(doalotofwork;Idowork)Hehadnoroomtolivein.(liveinroom)Thefarmersthoughtofwaystoprote
15、cttheircrops.(=waysofprotecting)Heisthefirsttocomeeveryday.定定语语Weeattolive.Wedontlivetoeat.Peopleshaketheirheadsin order toshowdisagreement.Heworkshardso as tocatchupwiththeothersinhisclass.Heworks sohardas tocatchupwiththeothersinhisclass.Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.Hewokeuponly tofindeverybodyg
16、one.inordertodo目的目的soastodo目的目的soastodo结果结果onlytodo（未预料到的）结果未预料到的）结果状状语语找出不定式短语并判断做什么成分找出不定式短语并判断做什么成分Theydontliketobetooclosetooneanother.Theywillmovebacktokeepacertaindistanceaway.Wouldyoulikemetodosomethingforyou?Haveyougotanythingtosay?Itisapleasuretomeetyou.Wavingoneshandistosay“Goodbye”.Idontk
17、nowhowtocommunicatewithforeigners.不定式不定式主动表被动主动表被动1.Wouldyouliketojoinusintheparty?-Idliketo,butIhavealotofthings_.A.tobedoneB.tohavedoneC.todoD.beingdone2.Atpresent,Englishisthemainsubject_here.A.tobetaughtB.beingtaughtC.toteachD.teachingIEnglish1.不定式与被修饰名词形成不定式与被修饰名词形成动宾关系动宾关系，同时与句子，同时与句子主语形成主语形成主
18、谓关系主谓关系时，不定式用时，不定式用主动形式主动形式表表被动被动。2.不定式与被修饰名词虽然形成不定式与被修饰名词虽然形成动宾关系动宾关系，但与句子，但与句子主语并非主语并非主谓关系主谓关系时，用被动时，用被动形式形式。3、不定式与其所修饰的不定式与其所修饰的名词名词构成逻构成逻辑上辑上主谓关系主谓关系Doyouhaveaknifetocutthewatermelon?4、由于由于表语形容词后表语形容词后，和句中，和句中主语主语构成逻构成逻辑上的辑上的动宾关系动宾关系Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.Thiskindoffishisnicetoeat.knife
19、difficultnice1.Wouldyouliketojoinusintheparty?-Idliketo,butIhavealotofthingstodo.2.Doyouhaveaknifetocutthewatermelon?3.Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.非谓语重点、难点非谓语重点、难点非谓语作非谓语作定定语语非谓语作非谓语作补补语语非谓语作非谓语作状状语语动词动词-ing和不定式和不定式todo习惯用法习惯用法非谓语作非谓语作定语定语现在分词现在分词doing-过去分词过去分词done-不不定定式式todo-进行进行完成完成将来将来主动主动被动被
20、动Thehouse_(build)nowwillbeusedasourclassroombuilding.Thehouse_(build)nextmonthwillbeusedasourclassroombuilding.Thehouse_(build)lastyearwillbeusedasourclassroombuilding.beingbuilttobebuiltbuilt非谓语作非谓语作补语补语主动主动？被动被动？Iheardhimsingingasonginthenextroom.Iheardhimsingasongjustnow.IheardasongsungbyhiminEng
21、lish.注意：注意：1 判断非谓语动词与宾语的判断非谓语动词与宾语的 主被动关系主被动关系 2 判断时间关系判断时间关系1.Doyouliketheroom_now?A.cleaningB.tobecleanedC.cleanedD.beingcleaned2.Hehadhisleg_whileplayingfootball.A.breakingB.tobreakC.brokenD.bebrokenbeingcleanedbroken动词动词-ing和不定式和不定式todo习惯用法习惯用法非谓语非谓语重点、难点重点、难点一、不定式一、不定式todo-作作宾语宾语1、常见的及物动词：常见的及物
22、动词：wish,hope,intend,desire,expectask,refuse,agree,promise,plan;decide;afford;offer,manage,pretend,fail;happentodo（碰巧做某事）（碰巧做某事）某些某些V+to do作宾语作宾语决心学会想希望，决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish/desire;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise
23、,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help二、动词二、动词-ing-宾语宾语以下动词直接动名词作宾语以下动词直接动名词作宾语practice,keep,imagine,minddislike,enjoy,appreciateescape,avoid,miss,delay,admitfinish,risk,resist,suggest，excusepermit,allow,forbid,advise,considerV-ing作宾语作宾语；todo作宾补作宾补动词动词-ing-宾语宾语1、以下词组后、以下词组后canthelp,cantstand,bebusy,feellik
24、ebeusedto,lookforwardto,devoteto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,giveup,goon,keepon,insiston,putoff;thank.for；preventfrom;stopfromhavedifficulty/troubleinhaveawonderful/hardtimein动词动词-ing-宾语宾语2.动词动词need,require,want，beworth作作“需需要要”解时，其后用动名词的主动性式或不定式解时，其后用动名词的主动性式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。的被动形式作宾语。need,require,want还还可
25、以跟不定式作宾语补足语。可以跟不定式作宾语补足语。物物+need/require/want+doing=tobedoneneed,require,wantsb.todosth.beworth+表示表示钱数钱数/相当于钱数相当于钱数的名词的名词beworthdoingsth./n.beworthyofsth.beworthyofbeingdone=tobedone窗户该擦了窗户该擦了.Thewindowneeds(requires/wants)cleaning=tobecleaned.这个地方值得参观这个地方值得参观.Theplaceisworthvisiting.Theplaceisworth
26、yofbeingvisited.Theplaceisworthytobevisited.只能用只能用V-ing作宾语的动词口诀：作宾语的动词口诀：考虑建议盼原谅考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。，不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancy(设想；猜测设想；猜测).avoid,misskeep/keepon,practicedeny,finish,e
27、njoy/appreciateforbid,imagine,riskcanthelp,mind,allow/permit,escape5+3P61动词不定式动词不定式todo1.一些固定的句型一些固定的句型hadbetterdosth.wouldratherdosth.thandosth.prefertodoratherthandosth.preferdoingtodoingWhynotdosth？/Whydosth?What/howaboutdoingsth?不定式不定式=作宾语作宾语2.to的省略的省略当当but之前有之前有do的某种形式；的某种形式；Wecoulddonothingbut
28、wait.Wehadnothingtodobutwait.cant choose but do;cant help but doWecouldntchoosebutstandhim.Wecanthelpbuttellhimthetruth.We have no choice but to wait.不定式的省略，单独保留不定式的省略，单独保留to1.动词：动词：tell，ask，advise，wish，permit，force，expect,forget,refuse,intend,like,mean,seem,try,want,hope,love,beafraid后的动词不定式后的动词不定式
29、可省，但留可省，但留toIaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidntwantto.2.形容词：不定式在形容词：不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing，pleased的词后可以省略，的词后可以省略，但要保留不定式符号但要保留不定式符号to。-Willyoujoininthegame?-Idbegladto.不定式的省略不定式的省略注意注意：1）其否定形式的省略式其否定形式的省略式notto.-shallIgoinsteadofhim?-Iprefernotto.2）如果不定式中含有如果不定式中含有“be,havedone,havebeen”,则通
30、常保留则通常保留be,have,havebeen-Areyouasailor?-No,butIusedtobe.-Hehasntfinishedyet.-Well,heoughttohave.-Theworkhasntbeenfinishedyet.-well,itoughttohavebeen.Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.Imeant_,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldntfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toB.C.doingD.doingto B.to疑问词疑问词+todowho,which,when,where
31、,how,what+不定式不定式 to do还不知道何时举行会议。还不知道何时举行会议。Whentoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.我不知道做什么。我不知道做什么。Idontknowwhattodo.我的问题是到哪儿找这么多书。我的问题是到哪儿找这么多书。Myquestionwaswheretogetsomanybooks.特殊情况特殊情况独立成份独立成份:有些短语，不受上下文影响，有些短语，不受上下文影响，叫做独立成份，常见的有叫做独立成份，常见的有Generallyspeaking,Franklyspeaking,JudgingfromConsidering(tak
32、ingeverythingintoconsideration)Totellyouthetruth,Tobefrank,ComparedwithSummary、看清句子结构，找到考点；、看清句子结构，找到考点；、找出所填的非谓语动词的逻辑主语；、找出所填的非谓语动词的逻辑主语；、分析动词与主语之间的关系：、分析动词与主语之间的关系：主动或被动；主动或被动；动作所发生的时间：进行或完成；动作所发生的时间：进行或完成；、记住特殊词、词组、句型的用法。、记住特殊词、词组、句型的用法。make主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成完成式式一般一般式式完成式完成式不定不定式式towr
33、itetobemakingtohavemadetobemadetohavebeenmade现在现在分词分词makinghavingmadebeingmadehavingbeenmade动名动名词词过去过去分词分词made非谓语动词用法比较详析非谓语动词用法比较详析 非谓语动词的种类及所作成份非谓语动词的种类及所作成份主语主语表语表语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补动词不定式动词不定式 动词动词-ing 过去分词过去分词 5+3Translatethefollowingsentences:1.为了减肥，她每天只吃一些水果。为了减肥，她每天只吃一些水果。2.我叔叔醒了我叔叔醒了,结果发现自己躺在医
34、院病结果发现自己躺在医院病床上床上.3.由于不知道如何做这事，我向我的老由于不知道如何做这事，我向我的老师寻求帮助。师寻求帮助。4.被父亲打了一顿，那个小男孩不敢出被父亲打了一顿，那个小男孩不敢出门。门。5.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的同在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的同桌。桌。1.为了减肥，她每天只吃一些水果。为了减肥，她每天只吃一些水果。2.我叔叔醒了我叔叔醒了,结果发现自己躺在医院病床上结果发现自己躺在医院病床上.3.由于不知道如何做这事，我向我的老师寻求帮由于不知道如何做这事，我向我的老师寻求帮助。助。4.被父亲打了一顿，那个小男孩不敢出门。被父亲打了一顿，那个小男孩不敢出门。(Ino
35、rder)toloseweight,shejusteatssomefruitseveryday.Myunclewokeuponlytofindhimselflyingonabedinahospital.Notknowinghowtodoit,Iturnedtotheteacherforhelp.Beaten/Havingbeenbeatenbyhisfather,theboydarednotgoout.5.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的同桌。我的同桌。Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismydeskmate.Readaloud1.Inordertoloseweight,shejusteatssomefruitseveryday.2.Myunclewokeuponlytofindhimselflyingonabedinahospital.3.Notknowinghowtodoit,Iturnedtotheteacherforhelp.4.Beatenbyhisfather,theboydarednotgoout.5.Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismydeskmate.