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1、Unit4Earthquakeriseraiz和和raisereiz的区别的区别Rise(vi):日月，物价，烟，温度，河水及人的职位上升，或起床，起身，没有被动语态rise-rose-risenRaise(vt):举起，提出，饲养，种植，募集（财物）raise-raised-raised1.rise (rise、rose、risen)2.vi.1，(指日月星辰烟等的指日月星辰烟等的)升起，水位价格温度升起，水位价格温度的上升的上升=go up;起身起身=get up，2.增加增加 增长增长 起伏起伏=increase2.raise vt.抬高抬高 提高提高 养育养育 饲养（有被动）饲养（有被
2、动）1.The sun rises in the east.3.His job is raising chickens.4.They _ their arms and waved to us with joy.A rose B raised B2 Her temperature is still_.rising5.He rose from his chair and began his speech.6.There has been a sharp rise in the number of people out of work.把翻译下列句子译为中文把翻译下列句子译为中文2.smelly a
3、dj.发发臭的，有臭味的臭的，有臭味的smelly是由名词smell加后缀-y而构成的形容词，英语中有许多派生词体现了这一原则：bloody=bloody 血腥的血腥的 cloudy=cloudy 多云的多云的rainrainy 下雨的下雨的windwindy 多风的多风的 3.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.too.to.太太.而不能而不能1,She was too poor to go to college.2,I love you too much to leave you f
4、or a minute.“tooto”结构之前带有结构之前带有only,but,never,not,时，时，是强调是强调肯定肯定的表示法，译作的表示法，译作“非常非常”“十分十分”“实在实在”真是太真是太”等等I am only too happy to teach you.我非常高兴教你们。我非常高兴教你们。He is but too glad to do so他非常喜欢这样做他非常喜欢这样做You can never be too old to enjoy a song.我们绝对不会老得不能享受歌曲带来的欢乐我们绝对不会老得不能享受歌曲带来的欢乐4,mice是是mouse(老鼠老鼠)的复数
5、形的复数形式式.5.the water pipes in some buildings cracked and _.burstburst可以作动词，意为：可以作动词，意为：使爆炸使爆炸;使破裂使破裂；突然发生，突然出现。；突然发生，突然出现。常构成短语常构成短语burst into sth.或或burst out doing sth.，表示，表示“突然开始（做某事）突然开始（做某事）”，如：，如：burst into tears=burst out crying（表示（表示“突然哭起来突然哭起来”）。也可以）。也可以作名词，意为：作名词，意为：爆炸爆炸。例如：。例如：burst out+v-i
6、ng :suddenly begin doing sth扩展扩展:burst into leafburs into flower长出叶子长出叶子开花开花n.a burst of.一阵一阵.a burst of laughter/thunder/applause(欢呼）欢呼）1.The dam burst after heavy rains.2.In the game,children try to burst balloons by sitting on them.3.Joan didnt say anything at first and then she burst out crying.
7、即学即练即学即练 根据根据burst的用法，完成下的用法，完成下列句子。列句子。1.Everyone in the room burst out _(laugh).2.She found there were _ (burst)in the well walls.laughingbursts6.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.think little of these events 对这些情况几乎没有怎么对这些情况几
8、乎没有怎么去考虑、没当一回事去考虑、没当一回事think little of think nothing of think badly/poorly/ill of think well/much/highly/a lot/a great deal of 对对看法不好，评价很低看法不好，评价很低不重视，忽视不重视，忽视认为没什么认为没什么对对重视重视/高度评价高度评价think of 想起，考虑想起，考虑1.校长对你的进步评价很高校长对你的进步评价很高。The headmaster thought highly of your progress.eg.But the one million pe
9、ople of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.考点考点 定语从句中引导词定语从句中引导词who的用法。的用法。考例考例 Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.(北京北京 2006)A.who;不填不填 B.不填不填;who C.who;who D.不填不填;不填不填 now,Letsrev
10、iew!The end of the first paragraphBright lights flash in the skyBright lights flash in the skyAnimals are too nervous,such as cows,dogs,horses,and snakes,etc.The Second Paragraph7.It seemed as if the world1)as if 似乎，好像似乎，好像=as though She spoke to me as if she knew me.她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认
11、识我 似的。似的。2)as if 在表语从句中相当于在表语从句中相当于that:It seemed as if the meeting would never end.看起来会议没完没了。看起来会议没完没了。本文中as if 的用法就是第二种。It seemed as if the world was at an end!=It seemed that the world was at an end!8,It seemed that the world was _ _ _.at an endCompare:at the end of by the end of in the end辨析：辨析：
12、atanend:表示表示“终结，结束终结，结束”，与，与be动词动词连用连用intheend:表示表示“最终，终于最终，终于”，单独使用单独使用作作状语状语attheendof:表示表示“在在的尽头的尽头/末尾末尾”bytheendof:到到末为止，常与末为止，常与完成时态完成时态连用连用1).at an end:表示表示“终结，结束终结，结束”，与，与be动词连用。动词连用。eg:战争结束了。战争结束了。The war was at an end.=The war came to an end.2).in the end:表示表示“最终，终于最终，终于”，单独使用作状语单独使用作状语。eg:
13、最终他们放弃了那项计划。最终他们放弃了那项计划。They gave up the plan in the end.(at last)3).at the end of:表示表示“在在的尽头的尽头/末尾末尾”eg:今年年底，我父亲要回家。今年年底，我父亲要回家。My father will come home at the end of this year.He is at the end of his patience.他已经忍耐到极限了。他已经忍耐到极限了。4).by the end of:到到末为止，常与末为止，常与完成时态完成时态连用。连用。by the end of last用于用于过去
14、过去完成时完成时 by the end of next用于用于将来将来完成时完成时eg:到上个月末为止，他在那条船上已经待了两年。到上个月末为止，他在那条船上已经待了两年。By the end of last month,he had been on that ship for two years.到下学期末为止，我将学会到下学期末为止，我将学会3000多个英语单词。多个英语单词。I will have learned more than 3000 English words by the end of next term.8分数的表达：分数的表达：四分之一 三分之二二又五分之三 one/a
15、fourthtwo thirds two and three fifths分子用基数词,分母用序数词.分子大于一时,分母用复数。当做主语时注意谓语的单复数Two thirds of the students _ from the countryside.Half of the work _ been done.One third of the apple _ bitten by mice.arehaswas请根据提示完成下列句子。请根据提示完成下列句子。1._(三分之一三分之一)of the students in our class _(be)girls.2._(五分之三五分之三)of th
16、e soil _(wash)away by the flood last night.3._(一半一半)of the desks in this school _(make)in his company.4._(大部分的大部分的)of the lecture he made yesterday _(be)interesting.One-thirdareThree-fifthswas washedHalfare madeMostwas5._(数万数万)people _(dance)in the big square now.6.There were _(一万一万)students taking
17、part in the exam yesterday.7._(百分之九十百分之九十)of the mountain _(cover)by trees.is coveredTens of thousands ofare dancingten thousand90%/90 percent.概数的一些表达：Tens of thousands ofHundreds and hundreds ofThousands ofMillions ofDozens of 数以万计的成百上千的数千的数百万的许多，大量1.90%2.10,0003.10,000,0004.150,0005.75%6.1/37.500,
18、0008.2/3ninety percentten thousandten millionone hundred and fifty thousandseventy-five percentone-thirdhalf a milliontwo-thirds英语数字的翻译英语数字的翻译killtwobirdswithonestoneAfallintothepit,againinyourwit.atsixesandsevensbyonesandtwosTwoheadsarebetterthanone.Onemansmeatisanothermanspoison.Illloveyouthreesco
19、reandten.SheisasecondLeiFeng.一箭双雕一箭双雕吃一堑，长一智。吃一堑，长一智。乱七八糟乱七八糟三三两两三三两两三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。人各有所好。人各有所好。我会一辈子爱你的。我会一辈子爱你的。她是雷锋式的人物。她是雷锋式的人物。9.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。lie(lay lain)处于某种状态;躺，平躺，平卧 平放1.The whole factory has lain waste for many years
20、.整个工厂多年来一直荒芜在那里。整个工厂多年来一直荒芜在那里。2.He let the farm go to ruin.他让农场败落了。他让农场败落了。go to ruin=fall into ruin 衰落衰落,败败落落in ruins 荒芜的荒芜的,成为废墟成为废墟,一般用作表语或状语一般用作表语或状语An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.His career is in ruins.lie/be in ruins 成为废墟成为废墟1.The city _ (成为废墟）成为废墟）after the war.lay/was in ruins口诀
21、口诀:规则的规则的“撒谎撒谎”，不规则，不规则的的“躺躺”，躺过，躺过就就“下蛋下蛋”。(lie当当“说谎说谎”用，它的过去式用，它的过去式和过去分词都为和过去分词都为lied，而当，而当“躺躺”用时，它的过用时，它的过去式为去式为“下蛋下蛋”即即lay)The End of the Second ParagraphHow many Nature Disasters do you know?typhoon tornado,hurricaneseismic sea wave/tsunamidroughtfloodvolcanic eruptionsand stormthunderstormThe
22、 city lay in ruins.破败不堪破败不堪The buildings fell down.倒塌倒塌A great number of people lost their homes.许多，大量许多，大量 Roads might crack.开裂开裂The Third Paragraph10，destory.vt 毁坏Compare:ruin;destroy;damagedamage指部分指部分“损坏损坏”、“损害损害”、“破坏破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与用作名词时常与to somethi
23、ng 连用。连用。The accident did a lot of damage to his car.destroy 只能用作动词只能用作动词,指彻底破坏指彻底破坏,以致以致不可能修复不可能修复,常作常作“破坏破坏”、“毁灭毁灭”解解,也可以也可以指希望、计划等打破。指希望、计划等打破。The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town.ruin则表示破坏严重则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复以致不能修复,但这但这种破坏不像种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物那样毁灭某物,而是强调而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词致使该物的使用价值发生了问题
24、。用作动词时时,它作它作“使毁灭使毁灭”、“使崩溃使崩溃”、“弄糟弄糟”解解;用作名词时用作名词时,它表示它表示“毁灭毁灭”、“瓦解瓦解”、“废废墟墟”等抽象概念。等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。也有借喻的用法。The fire ruined the castle.The house has fallen into ruin.The company is facing ruin.11，shock 震惊的用法People _ (shock).我们对这个消息感到震惊。were shockedWe _ the news.were shocked at The news is _(shock)sh
25、ocking 表示情感的动词 excite,surprise,interest,bore,move,shock,disappoint,satisfy,(惊讶，兴趣，乏味，感动，失望，满意）变为形容词时可加ing(指物）或加ed(指人）即学即练即学即练 根据括号内的提示完成句子。根据括号内的提示完成句子。1.The news of his mothers death _（使他非常震惊）（使他非常震惊）.2.She _（因休克死亡）（因休克死亡）following an operation on her brain.3.What really _（让我震惊的）（让我震惊的）was that no
26、one seemed to care about that.4._（我们很吃惊）（我们很吃惊）to hear about his leaving.was a terrible shock to himdied of shockshocked meWe were shocked12.rescuen.搭救；解救搭救；解救;营救营救The rescue team reached the mines at once after the accident happened.v.解救；救出；营救解救；救出；营救He rescued the man from drowning.rescue workers=
27、rescuers e/go to ones rescue来援救某人We _（来救他）and pulled him out of the lake.came to his rescue13traptrap(n)陷阱，捕捉器，圈套陷阱，捕捉器，圈套Eg1:Tom likes setting traps.Eg2:I knew she set a trap to get this job.trap(vt)设陷阱捕捉，困住设陷阱捕捉，困住Eg4:The bear was trapped.trapsbinto使某人落入圈套或陷使某人落入圈套或陷入困境入困境Eg5:The police trapped hi
28、m into a confessionTheEndoftheThirdParagraphWenchuan EarthquakeCan you describe how terrible the earthquake was?The buildings fell down.倒塌倒塌The Fourth Paragraph15.All hope was not lost.考点考点 all.not=not all.意为意为“并不都并不都”，是部分否定。当，是部分否定。当all,both及及every的合成词与的合成词与not 连用时，表示部分否定；连用时，表示部分否定；完全否定要用完全否定要用no,
29、never,nowhere,none,neither,nothing,nobody等。等。both,each,every 与not 连用也都表示部分否定：Not every student passed the exam.不是每个学生都通过了考试。Both the answers are not right.不是两个答案都对。改为全部否定为：None of the students passed the exam.Neither of the answers is right.16.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapp
30、ed and to bury the dead.dig out 挖掘；发现挖掘；发现bury:A.to place in the ground B.to occupy(oneself)with deep concentration;absorba.这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。b.本句的结构是：主语（本句的结构是：主语（The army）+谓语（谓语（organized）+宾语（宾语（teams）+目目的状语（的状语（to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead）。）。c.who were trapp
31、ed是定语从句，修饰先是定语从句，修饰先行词行词those。d.and连接两个不定式短语作目的状语。连接两个不定式短语作目的状语。16.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.考点考点 whose意为意为“的的”，在定语从，在定语从句中作关系代词，后接名词。当前面的句中作关系代词，后接名词。当前面的先行词与后面的名词构成所属关系时，先行词与后面的名词构成所属关系时，就用关系代词就用关系代词whose。其先行词可以是。其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。人，也可以是物。考例考例 Last month,par
32、t of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _ effects the people are still suffering.(天津天津 2005)A.that B.whoseC.those D.what 点拨点拨 因因from前是逗号，可判断出后面前是逗号，可判断出后面是一个定语从句，排除是一个定语从句，排除those；从句部分；从句部分与先行词之间的关系为：与先行词之间的关系为：the people are still suffering from the effects of the floods，whose指代指代of the flood
33、s,在句中在句中作定语，故此题选作定语，故此题选B。17.buryvt.埋葬埋葬;葬葬 The boy buried the dead bird in the backyard.男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。vt.使沉浸（或专心于）使沉浸（或专心于）be buried in=bury oneself in埋头于埋头于;专专心于心于 be buried in thought 沉思沉思bury oneself in study 埋头研究；专心学习埋头研究；专心学习19.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000peoplewererescuedfromth
34、ecoalmines.Tothenorthofrescuedto/on/in1.Japanis_theeastofChina.2.Taiwanis_thesoutheastofChina.3.Mongoliais_thenorthofChina.toinon/to22.表示许多的短语及用法表示许多的短语及用法只接可数名词的有：只接可数名词的有：a large/great number of a good/great many a good/great many of the/these/those/ones只接不可数名词的有：只接不可数名词的有：a great deal of a large
35、amount of既可接可数名词又既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词的有：可接不可数名词的有：a lot of lots of plenty of a large/great quantity of Thank you!Bye-bye!13.express vt.表示，表达表示，表达短语：短语：express oneself 表达自己的意见或感情表达自己的意见或感情 express sth to sb 向某人表达某事向某人表达某事eg:他向我们致谢。他向我们致谢。He expressed his thanks to us.单词积累：单词积累：expression n.表达，表情表达，表情9.bur
36、y vt.埋葬，掩埋，隐藏埋葬，掩埋，隐藏eg:她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。She was buried beside her husbands grave.她双手捂着脸哭了起来。她双手捂着脸哭了起来。She buried her face in her hands and cried.短语：短语：bury oneself in=be buried in.专心于专心于，埋首于埋首于 bend ones mind/efforts/thoughts to devote oneself to=be devoted to 专心于专心于，献身于，献身于 be lost in 陷入陷入
37、中中3.instead of3.instead of instead代替，而不（后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语代替，而不（后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语 等），为复杂介词。等），为复杂介词。可单独使用，为副词。置于句首时，常表示“（不是）而是/反而”。Theexperimentistobedoneintheopenair_inthelaboratory.A.butB.insteadofC.exceptD.insteadJudydidntanswer._shelookedoutofthewindow.A.ButB.HoweverC.InsteadD.AndGive me the red box _ the yellow one.He walked home _taking a taxi.Well have tea in the garden _in the house.I dont go to school on foot._I go to school by bike.insteadofinsteadofinsteadofInsteadBC