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1、GrammarThe Attributive Clause 定语从句定语从句定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念1定定语语从从句句是是整整个个句句子子充充当当定定语语,来来修修饰饰名名词词或或代代词词。被被定定语语从从句句所所修修饰饰的的词词叫叫先先行行词词，定定语语从从句句一一般般紧紧跟跟先先行行词词。定定从从一一般般用用关关系系代代词词或或关关系系副副词词引引导导，关关系系词词在在含含义义上上替替代代先先行行词词,并并在在定定语语从从句句中中充当一个成分充当一个成分。定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念2vThe man who came to see me this morning is
2、 my cousin.今天早晨来看我的人是我表弟.先行词 定语从句 关系代词作主语，不可省 定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念3v关系代词关系代词：v代人代人:who（主语主语/宾语），宾语），whom（宾语）v代物代物:which（主语主语/宾语）宾语）v代人或物代人或物:that (主语主语/宾语宾语)vWhose 某人的/某物的,（先行词的所有格先行词的所有格)；v关系代词在从句中关系代词在从句中做主语，不能省略做主语，不能省略;v做宾语，可以省略。做宾语，可以省略。定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念4v关系副词：关系副词：vWhere 表示地点，在定从中作地点状语地点状语;vWhe
3、n 表示时间，在定从中作时间状语时间状语;vWhy 表示原因，在定从中作原因状语原因状语。v关系代词关系代词vwhichvwho/whomvthatv关系副词关系副词vwhenvwherevwhyv诀窍诀窍:n先找定语从句所先找定语从句所修饰的先行词修饰的先行词;n再判断定从里缺再判断定从里缺少成分吗少成分吗?n如缺成分如缺成分,缺的是缺的是什么成分什么成分?主语主语还是宾语还是宾语?v1.Do you know the lady _ gave us a speech last week?v(who,that)v2.The book _ cost me 1,200 yuan is an enc
4、yclopaedia.v(which,that)v3.He is a man _ we should learn from.v(whom,who,that,/)v4.That is the place _ I was born.v(where)v5.Ill never forget the day _ she said goodbye.v(when)v6.That is the reason _ I am not in favor of the plan.v(why)v7.I cannot forget the days _ we spent together.v(that,which,/)v
5、8.I cannot forget the days _ we were together.v(when)v9.I know the forest _ you can find wild strawberries.v(where)v10.I know the forest _ you can find wild strawberries in.v(which)=I know the forest in which you can find wild strawberries.v11.That was not the reason _ he gave the other day.v(that,w
6、hich)v12.This is the reason _ may explain his absence.v(that,which)v13.Have you seen the movie _ we are talking about?v(which,that,/)vHave you seen the movie about _ we are talking?v(which;介词一旦提前,宾语不能省略!)v14.Is she the teacher _ your parents once talked to?v(who,whom,that,/)vIs she the teacher to _
7、your parents once talked?v(whom)v15.The tool _ he is working with is called a tin opener.v(which,that,/)vThe tool with _ he is working is called a tin-opener.v(which)v16.The gift was sent by her son _is serving in the army.v(who,that)v17.The gift was sent by her son,who is serving in the army.v(16,限
8、制性定从限制性定从,限定作用限定作用;v 17,非限制性定从非限制性定从,补充修饰作用补充修饰作用)v18.How many students are there in your class _ homes are in Pudong new area?v(whose)v19.They have invited us to visit their school,which is very kind of them.v(非限制性定从中的which还可以指代前面一句话!)v20.The road was widened,which was exactly what we wanted.vTrue
9、or False?Please refer to your handouts!只用只用that,不能用不能用which的的5种情况种情况A.当先行词是不定代词时当先行词是不定代词时(anything，everything，nothing，all，little)1.Do you have anything that you dont understand?2.Everything that can be done has been done.3.Im not interested in all that he told me.=Im not interested in what he told
10、me.（宾从）vB.当先行词被最高级形容词所修饰时当先行词被最高级形容词所修饰时,v1.This is the highest building that I have ever seen.v2.Do you think this is the most powerful computer that has ever been invented?vC.当先行词被序数词修饰时当先行词被序数词修饰时 v1.The second question that was discussed at the meeting was the most important.v2.This is the last
11、book that is on my reading list.vD.当先行词被当先行词被all，no，only，any，very，just，much等词修饰时等词修饰时This is the very book that Ive been looking for.This is the only example that I can give you.E.当先行词由人和物共同组成当先行词由人和物共同组成Here are the people and the books that/O I love.不能用不能用that的两种情况的两种情况vA.在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中v1.We
12、ve collected many stamps,which are all very nice.v2.This note was left by Mr.Wu,who was here a moment ago.vB.在介词后面在介词后面v1.This is country to which he wants to go.v2.At our school,there are about 200 foreign students,most of whom are from Europe.ASAs也是也是关系代词，关系代词，用于用于1.Suchas 和和 the sameas结构中结构中I wan
13、t to buy such a skirt as you are wearing.I want to buy the same skirt as you are wearing.(比较:I want to buy the same skirt that you are wearing.)ASv2.或在非限制性定语从句中表示前面整个句或在非限制性定语从句中表示前面整个句子子.vShe has done a good job,as we all know.vAs we all know,she has done a good job.Way做先行词做先行词?vWay做先行词做先行词,表示方式方法表
14、示方式方法:v定语从句中定语从句中,可以用可以用v1.in whichv2.thatv3.OWay做先行词做先行词?v1.Wallance and Darwin agreed on the way in which different forms of life had begun.v2.The way in which these comrades look at problems is wrong.v3.The way that these comrades look at problems is wrong.Way做先行词做先行词?v4.The way these comrades lo
15、ok at problems is wrong.v5.Musicians rarely agree on the way a piece of music should be played.CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v1.The old woman has two sons,one of _ is a professor.v2.The old woman has two sons,and one of _ is a professor.v(1.whom,v2.them)CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,3.Do you know why he was absent?（宾
16、从）4.Do you know the reason why he was absent?（定从）5.Do you know the reason which(that)may explain his absence?（定语从句）以上三句含义相同，句式不同。CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,6.The reason that you were ill yesterday is not accepted.（你昨天生病的原因没有被接受。）v这是一句“同位语”从句的句子，“reason”与“you were ill yesterday”表达的是同等意思，因此关系词不能用“which”，只能用
17、“that”。CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v7.The news that our team won the game made us excited.（我们队赢的消息使我们激动.同位语从句）8.The news which(that)I heard through the radio is exciting.（我从广播中听到的消息令人激动.定语从句）CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,9.定语从句中的插入语定语从句中的插入语 vHe made a speech,which I thoughtI thought was of great importance.vJimmy
18、is the boy,who everybody believeseverybody believes will win the first prize in the singing competition.CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v在上述句子中，I thought,everybody believes是插入语，还有I suppose,everybody knows等在定语从句中出现，容易受其迷惑而用错关系词。比如在上述第二句中就不能用“whom”，因为“who”是从句的主语，而“everybody believes”是插入语。因此在有插入语的定语从句中，考虑用什么关系代词或副词时，可暂时不考虑插入语，以免受其迷惑。vThe End!vThank you!